Study of human brain metabolites using magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods at 7 TESLA

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2012

Localização do adubo em relação à semente (I)

The authors discuss in the introduction the literature about the distribution and placemement of fertilizers in agricultural experiments in U.S.A. in such crops as cotton, corn, potato, beans and some vegetables. An experiment was carried out with corn in a randomized block with 7 treatments, and 4 repetitions. The plots were 11,2m wide by 10m long. The 7 treatments were the following: one broadcast, 3 applications of fertilizer in hills and 3 in rows. In the latter six treatments application in rows or hills was combined with applications in three different depths: below the seeds without mixing the soil, below the seeds but with mixing of the soil, and above the seeds without mixing the soil. The variation between treatments was significant, and the best treatment was the application of fertilizer in hill, below the seeds and with mixing of the soil. The most unfavorable was application in rows above the seed without mixing of the soil. The second best treatment was the application by broadcasting the fertilizer, with mixing the fertilizer and soil by hoeing. New experiments will be carried out, applying the fertilizer in two rows, parallel on each side to the seed row, at three depths: above, below and level with seeds planted. In their discussion the authors stress the need for more experimentation on the methods of applying fertilizers not only to corn plants, but with respect to all main crops and diferent types of soils.

Interpolatory methods for model reduction of large-scale dynamical systems

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Mathematik, Diss., 2013

Estudos sôbre alimentação mineral do cafeeiro: VIII. Estudo da absorção e da translocação do radiozinco no cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.)

WATER-CULTURE EXPERIMENTS. Two water-culture experiments were carried out to study the absorption and the translocation of radiozinc in young coffee plants as influenced by two factors, namely, concentration of heavy metals (iron, man ganese, copper and molybdenum) and method of application. Inert zinc was supplied at an uniform rate of 0. 05 p. p. m.; the levels of iron supply were 0, 1.0, and 10.0 p. p.m.; manganese was supplied in three doses 0, 0.5, and 5.0 p. p.m.; copper- 0, 0. 02, and 0. 2 p. p. m.; molybdenum- 0, 0. 01, and 0. 1 p. p. m. When applied to the nutrient solution the activity os the radiozinc (as zinc chloride) was 0. 15 microcuries per plant. In the study of the leaf absorption, Zn65 was supplied at the level of 0. 10 microcuries per plant; in this case the radioative material was brushed either on the lower or on the upper surface or both two pairs of mature leaves. The absorption period was 8 weeks. The radioactivity assay showed the following results: 1 - Among the heavy metals herein investigated the iron concentration did not affect the uptake of the radiozinc; by raising the level of Mn, Cu and Mo ten times, the absorption dropped to 50 per cent and even more when compared with the control plants; when, however, these micronutrients were omitted from the nutrient solution, an increase in the uptake of zinc was registered in the minus Cu treatment only. The effects of high levels of Mn, Cu and Mo probably indicate an interionic competition for a same site on a common binding substance in the cell surface. 2 - The absorption of the radiozinc directly applied to the leaf surface reached levels as high as 8 times that registered when the root uptake took place. Among the three methods of application which have been tried, brushing the lower surface of the leaves proved to be the most effective; this result is easily understood since the stomatal openings of the coffee leaves an preferentially located in the lower surface - in this treatment, about 40 per cent of the activity was absorved and around 12 per cent were translocated either to the old or to the newer organs. Chemical analyses for heavy metals, were carried out only in the plants received Zn65Cl2 in the nutrient solution; the results were as follows; 1 - Control plants had, per 1,000 gm, of dry weight the following amounts in mg.: Zn- 48 in the roots and 29 in the tops; Fe- 165 in the roots and 9 in the tops; Mn- 58 in the roots and 15 in the tops, Cu- 15 in the roots and 1. 2 in the tops; Mo- 2. 8 in the roots and 0. 45 in the tops. 2 - The effect of different levels of micronutrients in the composition of the plants can be summarized as follows: Fe and Zn- when omitted from the nutrient solution, the iron and zinc contents in the roots decreased, no variation being noted in the tops; the higher dosis caused an accumulation in the roots but no apparent effect in the tops; Mn- by omitting this micronutrient a decrease in its content in the roots was noted, where as the concentration in the tops was the same; Mo- no variation in roots and tops contents when molybdenum was omitted; higher dosis of manganese and molybdenum increased the amounts formed both in the roots and in the tops. 3 - The influence of the different concentrations of micronutrients heavy metals on the zinc content of the coffee plants can be described by saying that: Fe and Mo- no marked variation; Mn- no effect when omitted, reduced amount when the high dosis was supplied; Mn- when the plants did not receive manganese the zinc content in roots and tops was the same as in the control plants; a decrease in the zinc content of the total plant occurred when the high dosis was employed; Cu -the situation is similar to that described for manganese. Hence, results showed by the chemical analyses roughly correspond to those of the radioactivity assay; the use of the tracer technique, however, gave best informations along this line. SOIL-POTS EXPERIMENTS. The two types of soils which when selected support the most extensive coffee plantations in the State of São Paulo, Brazil: "arenito de Bauru", a light sandy soil and "terra roxa legitima", a red soil derived from basalt. Besides NPK containing salts, the coffee plants were given two doses of inert zinc (65 and 130 mg ZnCl2 per pot) and radiozinc at a total activity of 10(6) counts/minute. The results of the countings can be summarized as follows: 1 - When plants were grown in "arenito de Bauru" the activity absorbed as per cent of the total activity supplied was not affected by the dosis of inert zinc. The highest value found was around 0. 1 per cent. 2 - For the "terra roxa" plants, the situation is almost the same; there was, however, a slight increase in the absorption of the radiozinc when 130 mgm of ZnClg2 was given: a little above 0. 2 per cent of the activity supplied was absorbed. The results clearly show that the young coffee plants practically did not absorb none of the zinc supplied; two reasons at least could be pointed out to explain such a fact: 1 - Zinc fixation by an exchange with magnesium or by filling holes in the octahedral layer of aluminosilicates, probably kaolinite; 2 - No need for fertilizer zinc in the particular stage of life cycle under which the experiment was set up. The data from chemical analysis are roughly parallel to the above mentioned. When one attempts to compare - by taking data herein reported zinc uptake from nutrient solution, leaf brushing or from fertilizers in the soil, a practical conclusion can be drawn: the control of zinc deficiency in coffee plants should not be done by adding the zinc salts to the soil; in other words: the soil applications used so extensively in other countries seem not to be suitable for our conditions; hence zinc sprays should be used wherever necessary.

Lagrangian methods for visualization and analysis of time-dependent vector fields

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Informatik, Diss., 2013

Shapes in vector fields : methods for continuous deformations and surface-based flow visualizations

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Informatik, Diss., 2013

Parallel Architecture Prototype for 60 GHz High Data Rate Wireless Single Carrier Receiver

Nowadays a huge attention of the academia and research teams is attracted to the potential of the usage of the 60 GHz frequency band in the wireless communications. The use of the 60GHz frequency band offers great possibilities for wide variety of applications that are yet to be implemented. These applications also imply huge implementation challenges. Such example is building a high data rate transceiver which at the same time would have very low power consumption. In this paper we present a prototype of Single Carrier -SC transceiver system, illustrating a brief overview of the baseband design, emphasizing the most important decisions that need to be done. A brief overview of the possible approaches when implementing the equalizer, as the most complex module in the SC transceiver, is also presented. The main focus of this paper is to suggest a parallel architecture for the receiver in a Single Carrier communication system. This would provide higher data rates that the communication system canachieve, for a price of higher power consumption. The suggested architecture of such receiver is illustrated in this paper,giving the results of its implementation in comparison with its corresponding serial implementation.

Software for Explicitly Parallel Memory-Centric Processor Architecture

Advances in computer memory technology justify research towards new and different views on computer organization. This paper proposes a novel memory-centric computing architecture with the goal to merge memory and processing elements in order to provide better conditions for parallelization and performance. The paper introduces the architectural concepts and afterwards shows the design and implementation of a corresponding assembler and simulator.

Computational methods for model reduction of large-scale sparse structured descriptor systems

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Mathematik, Diss., 2015

Ripening of mango fruits. Competition of methods

Mangoes, cv. Imperial, were exposed, in post harvest, to the following methods of ripening: 1) sawdust burning; 2) alcohol vaporization; 3) calcium carbide (acetylene), 4) vapour of ethylene; and, 5) immersion in ethefon. All methods resulted in acceleration of ripening, when compared to controls. Calcium carbide, ethelene and ethefon were the best, methods. Alcohol vaporization also showed good results sawdust burning method showing low efficiency.

Doses and methods of distribution of potassium chloride on soybean crop (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in a red latosol, affecting soil salinity, grain production and chemical composition of leaves

The present work deal t wi th an experiment under field conditions and a laboratory test of soil incubation the objectives were as follows: a. to study effects on soybean grain product ion and leaf composition of increasing doses of potassium chloride applied into the soil through two methods of distribution; b. to observe chemical modifications in the soils incubated with increasing doses of potassium chloride; and, c. to correlate field effects with chemical alterations observed in the incubation test, The field experiment was carried out in a Red Latosol (Haplustox) with soybean cultivar UFV - 1. Potassium chloride was distributed through two methods: banded (5 cm below and 5 cm aside of the seed line) and broadcasted and plowed-down. Doses used were: 0; 50; 100 and 200 kg/ha of K2O. Foliar samples were taken at flowering stage. Incubation test were made in plastic bags with 2 kg of air dried fine soil, taken from the arable layer of the field experiment, with the following doses of KC1 p,a. : 0; 50; 100; 200; 400; 800; 1,600; 3.200; 6,400 and 12,800 kg/ha of K(2)0. In the conditions observed during the present work, results allowed the following conclusions: A response by soybean grain production for doses of potassium chloride, applied in both ways, banded or broadcasted, was not observed. Leaf analysis did not show treatment influence over the leaf contents for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and CI, Potassium chloride salinity effects in both methods of distribution for all the tested closes were not observed.

Methods for analyzing the influence of molecular dynamics on neuronal activity

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Informatik, Diss., 2015