Projeto de controladores robustos para acionamento de um motor de indução trifásico

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

A influência das variáveis do lixamento tubular na qualidade das peças de Eucalyptus grandis

In 2010, the Brazilian forest sector is represented by about 30,000 companies producing US$ 21 billion annually and account for approximately 5% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in the country. The sanding process is highly demanded in various stages of industrialization of the wood, when there is a need for a better quality surface finishing. The objective of this work was to analyze the influence of cutting speed and sandpaper granulometry on both the surface finishing of pieces of Eucalyptus grandis processed through tubular sanding and on the sanding efforts (force and power of sanding). Four cutting speeds were used (19.5, 22.7, 26 and 28.1 m/s), one advance speed (16 m/min) and three sets of sandpaper (80-100, 80-120 and 100-120) being one for chipping and another for finishing, respectively. A central data acquisition system was set up to capture the variables (cutting power, acoustic emission and vibration) in real time. The cutting force was obtained indirectly, through a frequency inverter. The roughness of the parts was measured by a roughness meter before and after sanding. The highest cutting speed used (28.1 m/s) consumed more power and generated more acoustic emission among the four speeds tested. Regarding the vibration, the lower cutting speed (19.5 m/ s) generated the highest vibration in the sander machine. It is concluded that the range of 100-120 sandpapers resulted in values of average roughness (Ra) lower than the other sets of sandpaper used, as it resulted in better surface finishing.

Estratégia de controle multifuncional para sistemas fotovoltaicos de geração de energia elétrica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Microinversor integrado ao módulo fotovoltaico para sistemas conectados à rede elétrica utilizando controlador ressonante

This paper shows the modeling and control of a single-phase full-bridge inverter with high-frequency transformer that may be used as part of a two-stage converter with transformerless DC-DC side or as a single-stage converter (simple DC-AC converter) for grid-connected PV applications. The inverter is modeled in order to obtain a small-signal transfer function used to design the P+Resonant current controller. A highfrequency step-up transformer results in reduced voltage switches and better efficiency compared with converters in which the transformer is used on the DC-DC side. Simulations and experimental results with a 200 W prototype are shown. 1

Proposta de equipamento de conexão à rede para a utilização da geração de energia solar em consumidores de pequeno e médio porte

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Conversor inversor integrado três estados buck-boost para geração distribuída, com operação conectada ou ilhada

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Evaluation of an In Vitro Blood-Based Assay to Detect Production of Interferon-γ By Mycobacterium Bovis–Infected White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus)

Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in captive Cervidae was identified as an important disease in the United States in 1990 and prompted the addition of captive Cervidae to the USDA Uniform Methods and Rules for eradication of bovine tuberculosis. As well, M. bovis infection was identified in free-ranging white-tailed deer in northeast Michigan in 1995. Tuberculosis in both captive and free-ranging Cervidae represents a serious challenge to the eradication of M. bovis infection from the United States. Currently, the only approved antemortem tests for tuberculosis in Cervidae are the intradermal tuberculin skin test and the blood tuberculosis test (BTB). At present, the BTB is not available in North America. Tuberculin skin testing of Cervidae is time-consuming and involves repeated animal handling and risk of injury to animals and humans. This study evaluated the potential of a new blood-based assay for tuberculosis in Cervidae that would decrease animal handling, stress, and losses due to injury. In addition, a blood-based assay could provide a more rapid diagnosis. Twenty 6–9-month-old white-tailed deer, male and female, were experimentally inoculated by instillation of 300 colony-forming units of M. bovis in the tonsillar crypts. Seven, age-matched uninfected deer served as controls. Blood was collected on days 90, 126, 158, 180, 210, 238, 263, and 307 after inoculation and was analyzed for the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in response to incubation with M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPDb), M. avium PPDa, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), or media alone. Production of IFN-g in response to PPDb was significantly greater (P < 0.05) at all time points in samples from M. bovis–infected deer as compared with uninfected control deer, whereas IFN-γ production to PWM did not differ significantly between infected and control deer. Measurement of IFN-γ production to PPDb may serve as a useful assay for the antemortem diagnosis of tuberculosis in Cervidae.

Speed Neuro-fuzzy Estimator Applied To Sensorless Induction Motor Control

This work proposes the development of an Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) estimator applied to speed control in a three-phase induction motor sensorless drive. Usually, ANFIS is used to replace the traditional PI controller in induction motor drives. The evaluation of the estimation capability of the ANFIS in a sensorless drive is one of the contributions of this work. The ANFIS speed estimator is validated in a magnetizing flux oriented control scheme, consisting in one more contribution. As an open-loop estimator, it is applied to moderate performance drives and it is not the proposal of this work to solve the low and zero speed estimation problems. Simulations to evaluate the performance of the estimator considering the vector drive system were done from the Matlab/Simulink(R) software. To determine the benefits of the proposed model, a practical system was implemented using a voltage source inverter (VSI) to drive the motor and the vector control including the ANFIS estimator, which is carried out by the Real Time Toolbox from Matlab/Simulink(R) software and a data acquisition card from National Instruments.

Polyphase drive systems configuration aiming EMI mitigation

Topologies of motor drive systems are studied, aiming the reduction of common-mode (CM) currents. Initially, the aspects concerning the CM currents circulation are analysed. The reason of common-mode voltages generation, the circulating paths for the resulting CM currents and their effects are discussed. Then, a non-conventional drive system configuration is proposed in order to reduce the CM currents and their effects. This configuration comprehends a non-conventional inverter module wired to a motor with an unusual connection. The cables arrangement differs from the standard solution, too. The proposed topology is compared with other ones, like the active circuit for common-mode voltages compensation. The contribution of the configuration to the reduction of CM voltages and currents and their related interferences are evaluated, based on numerical simulations. Some results are presented and discussed regarding the suitability of the proposed configuration as a potential solution to reduce the CM currents effects, when the state of art and implementation cost of drives are taken into account.

Diseño, implementación y verificación de un controlador para robots educativos

[EN] This project briefly analyzes the scope and applications of Industrial Robotics, as well as the importance that this technical discipline has gained in the past decades. In addition, it proposes a modern platform to assist in teaching this discipline in colleges and universities. This new educational platform for the teaching of Industrial Robotics is based on the robotic systems from Rhino Robotics Ltd., using the existing robotic arms and replacing the control electronics by a newer, modern and yet backwards-compatible controller. In addition to the controller, this platform also provides new, up-to-date software utilities that are more intuitive than those provided with the old system. The work to be done consists essentially in receiving commands from a personal computer which the controller must interpret in order to control the motors of the robotic arm. The controller itself will be implemented as an embedded system based on microcontrollers. This requires the implementation of a communication protocol between the personal computer and the microcontroller, the design of a command interpreter, the design of the electronics for motor control using PWM and H-bridges, and the implementation of control techniques (more precisely, PID control). Hence, this project combines software and hardware design and integration techniques with motor control techniques and feedback control methods from Control Engineering, along with the kinematic analysis of the Rhino XR-4 robotic arm. 

Analisi e simulazione di un convertitore a tre livelli per applicazioni di potenza

La tesi presenta l'analisi del funzionamento di un inverter a tre livelli di tipo diode-clamped, confrontando tra loro varie tecniche di modulazione e valutandone l'efficienza (per ulteriori informazioni contattare matteo.toffano@gmail.com).

Analisi e progettazione di un sistema informativo per la rintracciabilità del prodotto. Il caso Elettronica Santerno S.p.A Gruppo Carraro

Studio di un sistema informativo che permetta di tenere traccia del flusso di informazioni relative ad ogni singolo inverter da quando viene assemblato dal terzista fino a quando viene finito di collaudare dentro Elettronica Santerno e dichiarato pronto per la spedizione al cliente finale.

Le macchine multifase nelle applicazioni Sensorless:indagine teorico-sperimentale di un azionamento basato su DSP per macchine asincrone eptafase

Fino ad un recente passato, le macchine elettriche di tipo trifase costituivano l’unica soluzione in ambito industriale per la realizzazione di azionamenti di grande potenza. Da quando i motori sono gestiti da convertitori elettronici di potenza si è ottenuto un notevole passo in avanti verso l’innovazione tecnologica. Infatti, negli ultimi decenni, le tecnologie sempre più all’avanguardia e l’aumento dell’utilizzo dell’elettronica, sia in campo civile quanto in quello industriale, hanno contribuito a una riduzione dei costi dei relativi componenti; questa situazione ha permesso di utilizzare tecnologie elaborate che in passato avevano costi elevati e quindi risultavano di scarso interesse commerciale. Nel campo delle macchine elettriche tutto questo ha permesso non solo la realizzazione di azionamenti alimentati e controllati tramite inverter, in grado di garantire prestazioni nettamente migliori di quelle ottenute con i precedenti sistemi di controllo, ma anche l’avvento di una nuova tipologia di macchine con un numero di fasi diverso da quello tradizionale trifase, usualmente impiegato nella generazione e distribuzione dell’energia elettrica. Questo fatto ha destato crescente interesse per lo studio di macchine elettriche multifase. Il campo di studio delle macchine multifase è un settore relativamente nuovo ed in grande fermento, ma è già possibile affermare che le suddette macchine sono in grado di fornire prestazioni migliori di quelle trifase. Un motore con un numero di fasi maggiore di tre presenta numerosi vantaggi: 1. la possibilità di poter dividere la potenza su più fasi, riducendo la taglia in corrente degli interruttori statici dell’inverter; 2. la maggiore affidabilità in caso di guasto di una fase; 3. la possibilità di sfruttare le armoniche di campo magnetico al traferro per ottenere migliori prestazioni in termini di coppia elettromagnetica sviluppata (riduzione dell’ampiezza e incremento della frequenza della pulsazione di coppia); 4. l’opportunità di creare azionamenti elettrici multi-motore, collegando più macchine in serie e comandandole con un unico convertitore di potenza; 5. Maggiori e più efficaci possibilità di utilizzo nelle applicazioni Sensorless. Il presente lavoro di tesi, ha come oggetto lo studio e l’implementazione di una innovativa tecnica di controllo di tipo “sensorless”, da applicare in azionamenti ad orientamento di campo per macchine asincrone eptafase. Nel primo capitolo vengono illustrate le caratteristiche e le equazioni rappresentanti il modello della macchina asincrona eptafase. Nel secondo capitolo si mostrano il banco di prova e le caratteristiche dei vari componenti. Nel terzo capitolo sono rappresentate le tecniche di modulazione applicabili per macchine multifase. Nel quarto capitolo vengono illustrati il modello del sistema implementato in ambiente Simulink ed i risultati delle simulazioni eseguite. Nel quinto capitolo viene presentato il Code Composer Studio, il programma necessario al funzionamento del DSP. Nel sesto capitolo, sono presentati e commentati i risultati delle prove sperimentali.

Studio nel dominio tempo-frequenza di emissioni condotte generate da convertitori elettronici di potenza

La presente Tesi di Laurea si colloca nell’ambito di un progetto strategico di ateneo chiamato OpIMA. Tale progetto mira a sviluppare codificatori innovativi per segnali di tipo impulsivo, discreti nei livelli, con riferimento soprattutto all’attuazione, alla sintesi di forme d’onda e all’amplificazione audio. L’obiettivo del progetto è di sviluppare nuove generazioni di codificatori, simili nell’uso a quelli tradizionali ed in qualche modo compatibili con essi e pure basati su principi operativi radicalmente diversi. La Tesi di Laurea è stata svolta presso il Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica (DIE) nel laboratorio di Compatibilità Elettromagnetica (LACEM). Il lavoro tratta di uno studio nel dominio tempo-frequenza sulle emissioni condotte prodotte da un convertitore statico DC/AC progettato presso il DIE. Tale studio risulta utile per capire come e quando vengono generati questi disturbi e per migliorare la compatibilità elettromagnetica del convertitore. La Tesi inizialmente richiama con il Capitolo 1 i concetti che stanno alla base della compatibilità elettromagnetica, soprattutto per quanto riguarda le emissioni condotte. Con il Capitolo 2 si descrive in dettaglio il banco prova in ogni sua parte; nel Capitolo 3 vengono riportati i dati teorici di carica e scarica del BUS DC del convertitore. Nel Capitolo 4, 5, 6 vengono riportati i risultati delle prove effettuate sul convertitore per quanto riguarda le emissioni condotte; in particolare nel Capitolo 4 le prove sono state eseguite sul convertitore originale, nel Capitolo 5 si sono ripetute le prove separando elettricamente il circuito di potenza del convertitore da quello di controllo (ovviamente in questa fase abbiamo utilizzato due fonti di alimentazione separate) e nel Capitolo 6 si è voluto eliminare il rumore generato dall’alimentatore presente all’interno del circuito di controllo e per far ciò sono stati costruiti cinque alimentatori lineari esterni con determinate caratteristiche. Infine nell’ultimo Capitolo si sono tratte le conclusioni sui risultati delle misure effettuate.

Modulation Techniques for Multi-Phase Converters and Control Strategies for Multi-Phase Electric Drives

The ever-increasing spread of automation in industry puts the electrical engineer in a central role as a promoter of technological development in a sector such as the use of electricity, which is the basis of all the machinery and productive processes. Moreover the spread of drives for motor control and static converters with structures ever more complex, places the electrical engineer to face new challenges whose solution has as critical elements in the implementation of digital control techniques with the requirements of inexpensiveness and efficiency of the final product. The successfully application of solutions using non-conventional static converters awake an increasing interest in science and industry due to the promising opportunities. However, in the same time, new problems emerge whose solution is still under study and debate in the scientific community During the Ph.D. course several themes have been developed that, while obtaining the recent and growing interest of scientific community, have much space for the development of research activity and for industrial applications. The first area of research is related to the control of three phase induction motors with high dynamic performance and the sensorless control in the high speed range. The management of the operation of induction machine without position or speed sensors awakes interest in the industrial world due to the increased reliability and robustness of this solution combined with a lower cost of production and purchase of this technology compared to the others available in the market. During this dissertation control techniques will be proposed which are able to exploit the total dc link voltage and at the same time capable to exploit the maximum torque capability in whole speed range with good dynamic performance. The proposed solution preserves the simplicity of tuning of the regulators. Furthermore, in order to validate the effectiveness of presented solution, it is assessed in terms of performance and complexity and compared to two other algorithm presented in literature. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm is also tested on induction motor drive fed by a matrix converter. Another important research area is connected to the development of technology for vehicular applications. In this field the dynamic performances and the low power consumption is one of most important goals for an effective algorithm. Towards this direction, a control scheme for induction motor that integrates within a coherent solution some of the features that are commonly required to an electric vehicle drive is presented. The main features of the proposed control scheme are the capability to exploit the maximum torque in the whole speed range, a weak dependence on the motor parameters, a good robustness against the variations of the dc-link voltage and, whenever possible, the maximum efficiency. The second part of this dissertation is dedicated to the multi-phase systems. This technology, in fact, is characterized by a number of issues worthy of investigation that make it competitive with other technologies already on the market. Multiphase systems, allow to redistribute power at a higher number of phases, thus making possible the construction of electronic converters which otherwise would be very difficult to achieve due to the limits of present power electronics. Multiphase drives have an intrinsic reliability given by the possibility that a fault of a phase, caused by the possible failure of a component of the converter, can be solved without inefficiency of the machine or application of a pulsating torque. The control of the magnetic field spatial harmonics in the air-gap with order higher than one allows to reduce torque noise and to obtain high torque density motor and multi-motor applications. In one of the next chapters a control scheme able to increase the motor torque by adding a third harmonic component to the air-gap magnetic field will be presented. Above the base speed the control system reduces the motor flux in such a way to ensure the maximum torque capability. The presented analysis considers the drive constrains and shows how these limits modify the motor performance. The multi-motor applications are described by a well-defined number of multiphase machines, having series connected stator windings, with an opportune permutation of the phases these machines can be independently controlled with a single multi-phase inverter. In this dissertation this solution will be presented and an electric drive consisting of two five-phase PM tubular actuators fed by a single five-phase inverter will be presented. Finally the modulation strategies for a multi-phase inverter will be illustrated. The problem of the space vector modulation of multiphase inverters with an odd number of phases is solved in different way. An algorithmic approach and a look-up table solution will be proposed. The inverter output voltage capability will be investigated, showing that the proposed modulation strategy is able to fully exploit the dc input voltage either in sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal operating conditions. All this aspects are considered in the next chapters. In particular, Chapter 1 summarizes the mathematical model of induction motor. The Chapter 2 is a brief state of art on three-phase inverter. Chapter 3 proposes a stator flux vector control for a three- phase induction machine and compares this solution with two other algorithms presented in literature. Furthermore, in the same chapter, a complete electric drive based on matrix converter is presented. In Chapter 4 a control strategy suitable for electric vehicles is illustrated. Chapter 5 describes the mathematical model of multi-phase induction machines whereas chapter 6 analyzes the multi-phase inverter and its modulation strategies. Chapter 7 discusses the minimization of the power losses in IGBT multi-phase inverters with carrier-based pulse width modulation. In Chapter 8 an extended stator flux vector control for a seven-phase induction motor is presented. Chapter 9 concerns the high torque density applications and in Chapter 10 different fault tolerant control strategies are analyzed. Finally, the last chapter presents a positioning multi-motor drive consisting of two PM tubular five-phase actuators fed by a single five-phase inverter.