Education, structural change and inclusive growth in Latin America

This document has been prepared by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) for the Forum of University Presidents of the Americas 2015, on the occasion of the Seventh Summit of the Americas (Panama City,10-11 April 2015).

Puerto Rico: Fiscal and economic growth challenges

The objective of this paper is to assess the challenges that Puerto Rico’s economy is currently facing. Puerto Rico’s development experience in the postwar period is briefly discussed in order to understand the nature of the island’s current situation. Puerto Rico’s recent economic performance, credit position, debt situation and fiscal conditions, including its complex capital structure and recently released fiscal and economic growth plan are also analyzed.

Desenvolvimento e avaliação de equipamentos e metodologia para determinação de parâmetros físicos do solo relacionados a dias trabalháveis com máquinas agrícolas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Stilbenes from Deguelia rufescens var. urucu (Ducke) A. M. G. Azevedo leaves: effects on seed germination and plant growth

A biodiversidade Amazônica pode ser uma fonte de substâncias capazes de serem utilizadas no controle de plantas daninhas. Neste estudo relatamos o isolamento e a identificação de cinco estilbenos a partir das folhas do "timbó vermelho" (Deguelia rufescens var. urucu): 4-metoxilonchocarpeno (1); 3,5-dimetoxi-4´-hidroxi-3´-prenil-trans-estilbeno (2), lonchocarpeno (3), 3,5-dimetoxi-4´-O-prenil-trans-estilbeno (4) e pteroestilbeno (5). As substâncias 2 e 4 são novos produtos naturais, porém 2 já havia sido citada como produto de síntese. Foi avaliada a potencial atividade alelopática de 1, 2 e 4 sobre a germinação de sementes e o crescimento da planta daninha Mimosa pudica. Os efeitos observados sobre a germinação das sementes de M. pudica não variaram significantemente (p > 0,05) quando a análise da fitotoxidade foi realizada com as substâncias isoladamente, cuja inibição máxima não ultrapassou 20%. A inibição mais intensa, quanto ao desenvolvimento da radícula e do hipocótilo, foi encontrada para o composto 4 (p < 0,05). Isoladamente, 4 causou efeito inibitório significativamente maior (p < 0,05) no desenvolvimento da radícula e do hipocótilo, do que 1 e 2. Quando testados aos pares, apresentaram antagonismo para a germinação de sementes e sinergismo para o desenvolvimento da radícula e hipocótilo.

Feeding and larval growth of an exotic freshwater prawn Macrobrachium equidens (Decapoda: Palaemonidae), from Northeastern Pará, Amazon Region

No presente estudo foram realizados experimentos sobre alimentação, com a espécie de camarão de água doce Macrobrachium equidens. Foram, testados o tipo de alimento e a densidade de alimento adequada para o desenvolvimento das larvas. Para o experimento sobre o tipo de alimento, 8 tratamentos foram realizados: (I) inanição, (AL) microalgas, (RO) rotíferos, (NA) náuplios de Artemia, (RO + NA) rotíferos + Artemia, (AL + RO) microalgas + rotíferos, (AL + NA) microalgas + Artemia, (AL + RO + NA) microalgas + rotíferos + Artemia. Para o experimento sobre a densidade de alimento, foi utilizado o tipo de alimento que resultou em uma elevada taxa de sobrevivência no experimento anterior. Três tratamentos foram realizados: 4, 8 e 16 náuplios de Artemia/mL. A taxa de alimentação durante o desenvolvimento das larvas foi observada. A sobrevivência, o peso e o percentual de juvenis de cada experimento de alimentação foram determinados. Foi identificado que as larvas de M. equidens são carnívoras, no entanto, houve uma seletividade do tipo de alimento, pois as larvas concluíram o seu ciclo de zoea para a fase de juvenil somente quando os náuplios de Artemia foram disponibilizados. Verificouse também que as larvas se alimentam preferencialmente durante o período diurno, e são oportunistas em relação à densidade do alimento ofertado.

Transverse maxillary and mandibular growth during and after Bionator therapy: study with metallic implants

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated posteroanterior cephalograms before and after treatment and long term follow-up of Class II division 1 patients treated with bionator. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to demonstrate the transverse growth of maxilla and mandible during and after bionator therapy. METHODS: Measurement of transverse dimensions between posterior maxillary and mandibular implants, as well as the distances between the buccal, gonial and antegonial points were recorded. Measurements were analyzed at three periods: T1 = before bionator therapy, T2 = after bionator therapy and T3 = 5.74 years after T2. RESULTS: There was statistically significant transverse increase due to growth and/or treatment for all variables, except for the distance between the anterior maxillary implants. CONCLUSIONS: During the study period only the anterior maxillary area did not show transverse growth.

The Kallikrein Inhibitor from Bauhinia bauhinioides (BbKI) shows antithrombotic properties in venous and arterial thrombosis models

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Single-Particle Momentum Distributions for Bosonic Trimer States in Two and Three Dimensions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Close Enough to One Another and Far Apart as Well´: The Intersection of Literature and History in Seamus Deane´s Reading in the Dark

This article analyses the intersection of narrative and history in Seamus Deane’s Reading in the Dark (1996). It uses the Benjaminian notions of memory, narration and experience to investigate how this novel creates a self through a language characterized by the absence of what it refers to. The analysis will eventually demonstrate that the tension between recollection and obliteration makes Literature and History converge as products of a narrative act.

Respostas metabólicas, morfologia do tecido muscular e expressão dos genes relacionados ao crescimento e à atrofia muscular durante o jejum e realimentação em juvenis de tilápia-do-Nilo

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Two-and tridimensional analysis of periapical repair after endodontic surgery

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate repair after endodontic surgery using two- and tridimensional imaging methods. Materials and methods Periapical radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were performed before the surgeries and after 48 h (baseline), 4 months, and 8 months. The area (square millimeters) of periapical lesions in CBCT and in radiographs was compared regarding the percentage of repair. In the CBCT, multiple areas were converted to volume. Repeated-measures analyses and paired t tests (α=0.05) were used to compare the methods. Correlation coefficients were calculated between the periods of evaluation within the CBCT volumetric analysis. Bland-Altman plots were used to compare the methods, based on the 95 % limits of agreement for the difference of the means. Results Baseline showed a larger lesion volume (192.54 mm3 ) than 4-month (79.79 mm3 ) and 8-month (47.51 mm3 ) periods. No differences were found in the percentage of repair in the first 4 months and after 8 months. The volumetric analysis showed a higher percentage of repair when the first and last 4 months were compared. No differences were found in the percentage of repair by area in the CBCTs. Repair of 73 % was obtained after 8 months. Similar results were observed by the Bland-Altman agreement analyses. Conclusions The percentage of repair varied after 8 months, when lower values were obtained by volumetric evaluation. Clinical relevance Considering the outcome at follow-up periods over 4 months, tridimensional evaluation by CBCT is more capable of determining the absence of periapical bone repair than conventional two-dimensional radiographs. Therefore, the use of CBCT would be suggested only for more complex cases with slower evolution of repair or for the association of factors that make prognosis difficult after surgery.

Resin tag length of one-step and self-etching adhesives bonded to unground enamel

Length of resin tags yielded by utilization of an one-step conventional adhesive system and self-etching adhesive system on unground enamel was observed. In study Groups I and III, the enamel surface was etched for 60 seconds with 35% phosphoric acid gel and adhesive systems PQ1 (Ultradent Products, Inc) and Adper Prompt L Pop (3M/ESPE) were applied. Adper Prompt L Pop (3M/ESPE) was also applied in Group II in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. After application of these adhesive systems to dental enamel, specimens were prepared for light microscopy analysis to ascertain degree of penetration (x400). The results were submitted to an analysis of variance at the 5% level; whenever there was significance, the Tukey test was applied at the 5% level. It was found that acid etching prior to application of conventional and self-etching adhesive materials provided higher penetration of the adhesive into the unground enamel surface compared to that achieved solely by application of self-etching adhesive.

Protective effects of the galectin-1 protein on in vivo and in vitro models of ocular inflammation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)