Direct mdct domain psychoacoustic modeling

We extend the recently proposed spectral integration based psychoacoustic model for sinusoidal distortions to the MDCT domain. The estimated masking threshold additionally depends on the sub-band spectral flatness measure of the signal which accounts for the non- sinusoidal distortion introduced by masking. The expressions for masking threshold are derived and the validity of the proposed model is established through perceptual transparency test of audio clips. Test results indicate that we do achieve transparent quality reconstruction with the new model. Performance of the model is compared with MPEG psychoacoustic models with respect to the estimated perceptual entropy (PE). The results show that the proposed model predicts a lower PE than other models.

The Mathematical modeling of inhomogeneites in ventricular tissue

Cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) are the leading cause of death in the industrialised world. There is a growing consensus that these arrhythmias arise because of the formation of spiral waves of electrical activation in cardiac tissue; unbroken spiral waves are associated with VT and broken ones with VF. Several experimental studies have been carried out to determine the effects of inhomogeneities in cardiac tissue on such arrhythmias. We give a brief overview of such experiments, and then an introduction to partial-differential-equation models for ventricular tissue. We show how different types of inhomogeneities can be included in such models, and then discuss various numerical studies, including our own, of the effects of these inhomogeneities on spiral-wave dynamics. The most remarkable qualitative conclusion of our studies is that the spiral-wave dynamics in such systems depends very sensitively on the positions of these inhomogeneities.

Multi-Mode Phonon-Controlled Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes: Modeling and Experiments

The main idea proposed in this paper is that in a vertically aligned array of short carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown on a metal substrate, we consider a frequency dependent electric field, so that the mode-specific propagation of phonons, in correspondence with the strained band structure and the dispersion curves, take place. We perform theoretical calculations to validate this idea with a view of optimizing the field emission behavior of the CNT array. This is the first approach of its kind, and is in contrast to the the conventional approach where a DC bias voltage is applied in order to observe field emission. A first set of experimental results presented in this paper gives a clear indication that phonon-assisted control of field emission current in CNT based thin film diode is possible.

Modeling the Field Emission Current Fluctuation in Carbon Nanotube Thin Films

Owing to their distinct properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as promising candidate for field emission devices. It has been found experimentally that the results related to the field emission performance show variability. The design of an efficient field emitting device requires the analysis of the variabilities with a systematic and multiphysics based modeling approach. In this paper, we develop a model of randomly oriented CNTs in a thin film by coupling the field emission phenomena, the electron-phonon transport and the mechanics of single isolated CNT. A computational scheme is developed by which the states of CNTs are updated in time incremental manner. The device current is calculated by using Fowler-Nordheim equation for field emission to study the performance at the device scale.

Multi-physics self-consistent modeling in nanotechnological applications: quantum dots and quantum-well lasers

This paper reports a self-consistent Poisson-Schr¨odinger scheme including the effects of the piezoelectricity, the spontaneous polarization and the charge density on the electronic states and the quasi-Fermi level energy in wurtzite type semiconductor heterojunction and quantum-laser.

Modeling of wheeled mobile robots using dextrous manipulation kinematics

Abstract—This document introduces a new kinematic simulation of a wheeled mobile robot operating on uneven terrain. Our modeling method borrows concepts from dextrous manipulation. This allows for an accurate simulation of the way 3-dimensional wheels roll over a smooth ground surface. The purpose of the simulation is to validate a new concept for design of off-road wheel suspensions, called Passive Variable Camber (PVC). We show that PVC eliminates kinematic slip for an outdoor robot. Both forward and inverse kinematics are discussed and simulation results are presented.

A Predictive Perfomance Model for Superscalar Processors

Designing and optimizing high performance microprocessors is an increasingly difficult task due to the size and complexity of the processor design space, high cost of detailed simulation and several constraints that a processor design must satisfy. In this paper, we propose the use of empirical non-linear modeling techniques to assist processor architects in making design decisions and resolving complex trade-offs. We propose a procedure for building accurate non-linear models that consists of the following steps: (i) selection of a small set of representative design points spread across processor design space using latin hypercube sampling, (ii) obtaining performance measures at the selected design points using detailed simulation, (iii) building non-linear models for performance using the function approximation capabilities of radial basis function networks, and (iv) validating the models using an independently and randomly generated set of design points. We evaluate our model building procedure by constructing non-linear performance models for programs from the SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite with a microarchitectural design space that consists of 9 key parameters. Our results show that the models, built using a relatively small number of simulations, achieve high prediction accuracy (only 2.8% error in CPI estimates on average) across a large processor design space. Our models can potentially replace detailed simulation for common tasks such as the analysis of key microarchitectural trends or searches for optimal processor design points.