El proceso de fabricación de Moldeo por Transferencia de Resina (RTM) y sus aplicaciones en la industria aeronáutica

En la Conferencia se presentan los aspectos más destacados del proceso de fabricación de Moldeo por Transferencia de Resina (RTM) y sus aplicaciones en la industria aeronáutica. Para ello, se analizan los materiales compuestos de uso más mayoritario en la industria aeronáutica y los procesos de fabricación más frecuentes, desarrollándose con mayor extensión el denominado moldeo por transferencia de resina (RTM), en el que se analizan sucesivamente los aspectos relativos a la preforma, la resina, el molde y el proceso de inyección. A modo de aplicación se presentan diferentes ejemplos reales de aplicación de este proceso realizados en el Laboratorio de Fabricación Aeroespacial de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Implementação do algoritmo (RTM) para processamento sísmico em arquiteturas não convencionais

With the growth of energy consumption worldwide, conventional reservoirs, the reservoirs called "easy exploration and production" are not meeting the global energy demand. This has led many researchers to develop projects that will address these needs, companies in the oil sector has invested in techniques that helping in locating and drilling wells. One of the techniques employed in oil exploration process is the reverse time migration (RTM), in English, Reverse Time Migration, which is a method of seismic imaging that produces excellent image of the subsurface. It is algorithm based in calculation on the wave equation. RTM is considered one of the most advanced seismic imaging techniques. The economic value of the oil reserves that require RTM to be localized is very high, this means that the development of these algorithms becomes a competitive differentiator for companies seismic processing. But, it requires great computational power, that it still somehow harms its practical success. The objective of this work is to explore the implementation of this algorithm in unconventional architectures, specifically GPUs using the CUDA by making an analysis of the difficulties in developing the same, as well as the performance of the algorithm in the sequential and parallel version

Anioni: particelle identiche e topologia in meccanica quantistica

Si espone la teoria quantistica non relativistica dei sistemi di particelle identiche, costruendo un opportuno spazio delle configurazioni la cui struttura è coerente con la loro indistinguibilità. Si impiegano nozioni di topologia algebrica per la formulazione di una meccanica quantistica su tale spazio, mostrando che in due dimensioni spaziali esiste una continuità di statistiche quantistiche. Le particelle con queste statistiche intermedie tra bosoni e fermioni sono chiamate anioni. Si illustra l'importanza che hanno assunto nella spiegazione dell'effetto Hall quantistico e nell'attuale ricerca sulla possibilità di creare un computer quantistico topologico.

Ottimizzazione dei flussi dei materiali e delle persone all'interno di un impianto di produzione. Il caso Galletti spa.

La tesi in oggetto è stata svolta presso la Galletti spa. L'obiettivo iniziale era quello di studiare un percorso all'interno dello stabilimento produttivo al fine di enfatizzare le peculiarità della produzione tenendo conto dei fattori riguardanti la sicurezza. E' stata inoltre realizzata, con l'aiuto di una agenzia di comunicazione, una piattaforma di comunicazione. Analizzando il processo produttivo è emersa un'ulteriore problematica: l'elevata quantità di work in progress stoccati a bordo linea. In particolare, in questa tesi è stata fatta un'analisi preliminare circa una linea di produzione. Sono stati analizzati, in termini di quantità, i prodotti che vengono assemblati in essa, e i codici dei semilavorati utili. In seguito sono state studiate le operazioni che vengono svolte in ogni postazione di lavoro e, in funzione del ciclo di lavoro gli sono stati assegnati i codici dei semilavorati. L'analisi si è conclusa studiando i consumi medi. Le prossime fasi dell'analisi prevedono lo studio dei volumi dei codici e di conseguenza la definizione delle aree di stoccaggio e lo studio dei lotti di produzione.

Empirical Bayes method in the study of traffic safety via heterogeneous negative multinomial model

In the study of traffic safety, expected crash frequencies across sites are generally estimated via the negative binomial model, assuming time invariant safety. Since the time invariant safety assumption may be invalid, Hauer (1997) proposed a modified empirical Bayes (EB) method. Despite the modification, no attempts have been made to examine the generalisable form of the marginal distribution resulting from the modified EB framework. Because the hyper-parameters needed to apply the modified EB method are not readily available, an assessment is lacking on how accurately the modified EB method estimates safety in the presence of the time variant safety and regression-to-the-mean (RTM) effects. This study derives the closed form marginal distribution, and reveals that the marginal distribution in the modified EB method is equivalent to the negative multinomial (NM) distribution, which is essentially the same as the likelihood function used in the random effects Poisson model. As a result, this study shows that the gamma posterior distribution from the multivariate Poisson-gamma mixture can be estimated using the NM model or the random effects Poisson model. This study also shows that the estimation errors from the modified EB method are systematically smaller than those from the comparison group method by simultaneously accounting for the RTM and time variant safety effects. Hence, the modified EB method via the NM model is a generalisable method for estimating safety in the presence of the time variant safety and the RTM effects.

Real-time price based home energy management scheduler

With the recent development of advanced metering infrastructure, real-time pricing (RTP) scheme is anticipated to be introduced in future retail electricity market. This paper proposes an algorithm for a home energy management scheduler (HEMS) to reduce the cost of energy consumption using RTP. The proposed algorithm works in three subsequent phases namely real-time monitoring (RTM), stochastic scheduling (STS) and real-time control (RTC). In RTM phase, characteristics of available controllable appliances are monitored in real-time and stored in HEMS. In STS phase, HEMS computes an optimal policy using stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) to select a set of appliances to be controlled with an objective of the total cost of energy consumption in a house. Finally, in RTC phase, HEMS initiates the control of the selected appliances. The proposed HEMS is unique as it intrinsically considers uncertainties in RTP and power consumption pattern of various appliances. In RTM phase, appliances are categorized according to their characteristics to ease the control process, thereby minimizing the number of control commands issued by HEMS. Simulation results validate the proposed method for HEMS.

Decoupled three-dimensional finite element computation of thermoelastic damping using Zener's approximation

We consider three dimensional finite element computations of thermoelastic damping ratios of arbitrary bodies using Zener's approach. In our small-damping formulation, unlike existing fully coupled formulations, the calculation is split into three smaller parts. Of these, the first sub-calculation involves routine undamped modal analysis using ANSYS. The second sub-calculation takes the mode shape, and solves on the same mesh a periodic heat conduction problem. Finally, the damping coefficient is a volume integral, evaluated elementwise. In the only other decoupled three dimensional computation of thermoelastic damping reported in the literature, the heat conduction problem is solved much less efficiently, using a modal expansion. We provide numerical examples using some beam-like geometries, for which Zener's and similar formulas are valid. Among these we examine tapered beams, including the limiting case of a sharp tip. The latter's higher-mode damping ratios dramatically exceed those of a comparable uniform beam.

Similarity solution of unsteady boundary layer equations with a magnetic field

The unsteady laminar incompressible boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting fluid in the stagnation region of two-dimensional and axisymmetric bodies with an applied magnetic field has been studied. The boundary layer equations which are parabolic partial differential equations with three independent variables have been reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations by using suitable transformations and then solved numerically using a shooting method. Here, we have obtained new solutions which are solutions of both the boundary layer and Navier-Stokes equations.

Simultaneous measurement of mechanical and electrical contact resistances during nanoindentation of NiTi shape memory alloys

The nanoindentation technique can be employed in shape memory alloys (SMAs) to discern the transformation temperatures as well as to characterize their mechanical behavior. In this paper, we use it with simultaneous measurements of the mechanical and the electrical contact resistances (ECR) at room temperature to probe two SMAs: austenite (RTA) and martensite (RTM). Two different types of indenter tips - Berkovich and spherical - are employed to examine the SMAs' indentation responses as a function of the representative strain, epsilon(R). In Berkovich indentation, because of the sharp nature of the tip, and in consequence the high levels of strain imposed, discerning the two SMAs on the basis of the indentation response alone is difficult. In the case of the spherical tip, epsilon(R) is systematically varied and its effect on the depth recovery ratio, eta(d), is examined. Results indicate that RTA has higher eta(d) than RTM, but the difference decreases with increasing epsilon(R) such that eta(d) values for both the alloys would be similar in the fully plastic regime. The experimental trends in eta(d) vs. epsilon(R) for both the alloys could be described well with a eta(d) proportional to (epsilon(R))(-1) type equation, which is developed on the basis of a phenomenological model. This fit, in turn, directs us to the maximum epsilon(R), below which plasticity underneath the indenter would not mask the differences in the two SMAs. It was demonstrated that the ECR measurements complement the mechanical measurements in demarcating the reverse transformation from martensite to austenite during unloading of RTA, wherein a marked increase in the voltage was noted. A correlation between recovery due to reverse transformation during unloading and increase in voltage (and hence the electrical resistance) was found. (C) 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Rotating beams and non-rotating beams with shared eigenpair for pinned-free boundary condition

In this paper we look for a rotating beam, with pinned-free boundary conditions, whose eigenpair (frequency and mode-shape) is same as that of a uniform non-rotating beam for a particular mode. It is seen that for any given mode, there exists a flexural stiffness function (FSF) for which the ith mode eigenpair of a rotating beam with uniform mass distribution, is identical to that of a corresponding non-rotating beam with same length and mass distribution. Inserting these derived FSF's in a finite element code for a rotating pinned-free beam, the frequencies and mode shapes of a non-rotating pinned-free beam are obtained. For the first mode, a physically realistic equivalent rotating beam is possible, but for higher modes, the FSF has internal singularities. Strategies for addressing these singularities in the FSF for finite element analysis are provided. The proposed functions can be used as test functions for rotating beam codes and also for targeted destiffening of rotating beams.

Steady mixed convection flow of Maxwell fluid over an exponentially stretching vertical surface with magnetic field and viscous dissipation

The steady mixed convection flow and heat transfer from an exponentially stretching vertical surface in a quiescent Maxwell fluid in the presence of magnetic field, viscous dissipation and Joule heating have been studied. The stretching velocity, surface temperature and magnetic field are assumed to have specific exponential function forms for the existence of the local similarity solution. The coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations governing the local similarity flow and heat transfer have been solved numerically by Chebyshev finite difference method. The influence of the buoyancy parameter, viscous dissipation, relaxation parameter of Maxwell fluid, magnetic field and Prandtl number on the flow and heat transfer has been considered in detail. The Nusselt number increases significantly with the Prandtl number, but the skin friction coefficient decreases. The Nusselt number slightly decreases with increasing viscous dissipation parameter, but the skin friction coefficient slightly increases. Maxwell fluid reduces both skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number, whereas buoyancy force enhances them.

Analytical test functions for free vibration analysis of rotating non-homogeneous Timoshenko beams

In this paper, the governing equations for free vibration of a non-homogeneous rotating Timoshenko beam, having uniform cross-section, is studied using an inverse problem approach, for both cantilever and pinned-free boundary conditions. The bending displacement and the rotation due to bending are assumed to be simple polynomials which satisfy all four boundary conditions. It is found that for certain polynomial variations of the material mass density, elastic modulus and shear modulus, along the length of the beam, the assumed polynomials serve as simple closed form solutions to the coupled second order governing differential equations with variable coefficients. It is found that there are an infinite number of analytical polynomial functions possible for material mass density, shear modulus and elastic modulus distributions, which share the same frequency and mode shape for a particular mode. The derived results are intended to serve as benchmark solutions for testing approximate or numerical methods used for the vibration analysis of rotating non-homogeneous Timoshenko beams.

A mulher como representação do bem e do mal n A Demanda do Santo Graal e n A Divina Comédia

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo trabalhar com a forte significação que o feminino apresenta nas narrativas medievais, em especial nA Demanda do Santo Graal e nA Divina Comédia, dois dos mais importantes textos medievais. Pode-se observar um padrão na caracterização dessas mulheres, pois elas são modelos do Bem ou do Mal. Pode-se perceber esse modelo em ambas as obras citadas. NA Demanda do Santo Graal, encontram-se mulheres que desviam o caminho do homem rumo ao Graal que representa o máximo da ascese espiritual. São as mulheres pecadoras, filhas de Eva, que trouxe a morte ao mundo. Também, na Demanda, encontram-se mulheres santas e plenas de virtude que se equiparam à mãe de todas as santas da literatura medieval: Beatriz, dA Divina Comédia. Beatriz é um guia espiritual e não um obstáculo a ser ultrapassado. Daí vai a comparação com as mulheres plenas de virtude da Demanda. Aqui as mulheres santas das duas obras se equiparam. São todas elas símbolos de crescimento na vida dos personagens masculinos. No entanto, tentaremos comprovar que Beatriz é a maior de todas e será utilizada neste trabalho porque na Demanda não podemos encontrar o modelo de mulher perfeita. Chega-se então ao principal objetivo desse trabalho que é observar, na literatura medieval, os vários tipos de mulheres existentes, e as semelhanças e diferenças entre elas, especialmente nA Divina Comédia e nA Demanda do Santo Graal. Tenta-se com isso traçar um elo entre essas duas importantes literaturas (portuguesa e italiana) através de dois textos que apresentam o misterioso papel das mulheres na literatura