Historical perspective of the Psychology of motivation

The psychology of motivation has a long tradition and history in psychology. In fact, we consider that, to a certain extent, understanding the history of the psychology of motivation is understanding great part of which has been psychology itself, since the main target of psychology was, and is, to try to explain behaviour, and the aim of psychology of motivation is to find out the causes of behaviour. In its long passage to the present time, there have been three perspectives that have monopolized most of the investigation: the biological, the behavioural and the cognitive. They are not excluding. Each one of them has been predominant in certain stages, although the same attention was paid to the other two. Nowadays, the biological and cognitive perspectives are those that receive greater attention from the investigators. The historical direction in the study of the psychology of motivation represents an important solution to know how the events that have given rise to the present consideration about the psychology of motivation were forged. To know the past helps us to understand the present, at the same time it allows us to hypothesise with great probability of success which will be the future in the study object.

Nova Talenta: 2014-2015

Contenido Introducción 1. Inteligencia emocional, liderazgo transformacional y género: factores que influencian el desempeño organizacional / Ana María Galindo Londoño, Sara Urrego Mayorga; Director: Juan Carlos Espinosa Méndez. 2. El rol de la mujer en el liderazgo / Andrea Patricia Cuestas Díaz; Directora: Francoise Venezia Contreras Torres. 3. Liderazgo transformacional, clima organizacional, satisfacción laboral y desempeño. Una revisión de la literatura / Juliana Restrepo Orozco, Ángela Marcela Ochoa Rodríguez; Directora: Françoise Venezia Contreras Torres. 4. “E-Leadership” una perspectiva al mundo de las compañías globalizadas / Ángela Beatriz Morales Morales, Mónica Natalia Aguilera Velandia; Director: Juan Carlos Espinosa. 5. Liderazgo y cultura. Una revisión / Daniel Alejandro Romero Galindo; Directora: Francoise Venezia Contreras Torres. 6. La investigación sobre la naturaleza del trabajo directivo: una revisión de la literatura / Julián Felipe Rodríguez Rivera, María Isabel Álvarez Rodríguez; Director: Juan Javier Saavedra Mayorga. 7. La mujer en la alta dirección en el contexto colombiano / Ana María Moreno, Juliana Moreno Jaramillo ; Directora: Françoise Venezia Contreras Torres. 8. Influencia de la personalidad en el discurso y liderazgo de George W. Bush después del 11 de septiembre de 2011 / Karen Eliana Mesa Torres; Director: Juan Carlos Espinosa. 9. La investigación sobre el campo del followership: una revisión de la literatura / Christian D. Báez Millán, Leidy J. Pinzón Porras; Director: Juan Javier Saavedra Mayorga. 10. El liderazgo desde la perspectiva del poder y la influencia. Una revisión de la literatura / Lina María García, Juan Sebastián Naranjo; Director: Juan Javier Saavedra Mayorga. 11. El trabajo directivo para líderes y gerentes: una visión integradora de los roles organizacionales / Lina Marcela Escobar Campos, Daniel Mora Barrero; Director: Rafael Piñeros. 12. Participación emocional en la toma de decisiones / Lina Rocío Poveda C., Gloria Johanna Rueda L.; Directora: Francoise Contreras T. 13. Estrés y su relación con el liderazgo / María Camila García Sierra, Diana Paola Rocha Cárdenas; Director: Juan Carlos Espinosa. 14. “Burnout y engagement” / María Paola Jaramillo Barrios, Natalia Rojas Mancipe; Director: Rafael Piñeros.

Apoyo social e ideación suicida en pacientes con cáncer

El diagnóstico de cáncer ha sido asociado con un alto riesgo de presentar ideación suicida en comparación con la población no oncológica, sin embargo se ha considerado al apoyo social como un factor protector para la ocurrencia de esta conducta. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la relación entre el apoyo social percibido y la ideación suicida en 90 pacientes oncológicos adultos en Bogotá, bajo la hipótesis de que a mayor apoyo social percibido, menor presencia de ideación suicida. Se midió la variable de apoyo social a través del cuestionario Duke UNC y la ideación suicida a través de cuatro instrumentos: Escala de Ideación Suicida (SSI), Escala de Desesperanza de Beck (BHS), el ítem 9 del Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-IA) y una entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados mostraron que no existe relación entre el apoyo social percibido y la ideación suicida. Por otro lado se identificó una prevalencia de suicidio entre 5,6% y 22,77%, confirmando que el paciente con cáncer considera el suicidio y es fundamental evaluar esta variable en esta población. Se considera importante continuar con la realización de investigaciones que permitan generalizar los resultados a la población oncológica colombiana.

Psychology : AQA (A) A2.

Este libro suministra los conocimientos básicos para hacer bien los ejercicios del AQA, exámenes de secundaria. Los temas tratados son: Insomnio, percepción, relaciones (comportamiento reproductivo humano), la agresividad, desórdenes alimenticios, teorías de inteligencia, desarrollo del pensamiento, el papel de las hormonas y los genes, esquizofrenia, depresión (síntomas, explicaciones biológicas) desórdenes relacionados con la ansiedad, las adicciones (los efectos de los video juegos y ordenadores en gente joven, el juego, fumar), fobias. Hay análisis de datos y estadísticas relacionadas con los temas descritos.

AQA (A) AS Psychology.

Guía de bolsillo para la revisión de los temas clave en el área de la psicología para alumnos de bachillerato (segundo ciclo de educación secundaria), niveles AS y A, adaptada a la especificación de AQA (Assessment and Qualifications Alliance) con trescientas preguntas rápidas y sus respuestas, organizadas en secciones temáticas y con consejos de examen. Contiene: memoria, fijación, métodos de investigación, estrés, influencia social y psicopatología.

Psychology: for the IB Diploma.

Esta guía contiene una revisión de todos los temas de psicología para el Programa del Diploma de Bachillerato Internacional (IB Diploma). Los temas del libro son: Historia de la psicología, metodología de la investigación, el nivel biológico de análisis, fisiología y comportamiento: hormonas, la genética y el comportamiento, la psicología evolutiva, el uso de tecnología investigando los procesos cognitivos, el nivel sociocultural de análisis, trastornos psicológicos, el stress, el comportamiento adictivo, la obesidad, psicología de las relaciones humanas, psicología del deporte, problemas en el deporte (uso de drogas, stress).

Mind-reading difficulties in the siblings of people with Asperger's syndrome: evidence for a genetic influence in the abnormal development of a specific cognitive domain

Background: Previous research suggests that the phenotype associated with Asperger's syndrome (AS) includes difficulties in understanding the mental states of others, leading to difficulties in social communication and social relationships. It has also been suggested that the first-degree relatives of those with AS can demonstrate similar difficulties, albeit to a lesser extent. This study examined 'theory of mind' (ToM) abilities in the siblings of children with AS relative to a matched control group. Method: 2 7 children who had a sibling with AS were administered the children's version of the 'Eyes Test'(Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Stone, & Rutherford, 1999). The control group consisted of 27 children matched for age, sex, and a measure of verbal comprehension, and who did not have a family history of AS/autism. Results: A significant difference was found between the groups on the Eyes Test, the 'siblings' group showing a poorer performance on this measure of social cognition. The difference was more pronounced among female siblings. Discussion: These results are discussed in terms of the familial distribution of a neuro-cognitive profile associated with AS, which confers varying degrees of social handicap amongst first-degree relatives. The implication of this finding with regard to the autism/AS phenotype is explored, with some discussion of why this neuro-cognitive profile (in combination with corresponding strengths) may have an evolutionary imperative.

The effect of cleft lip on cognitive development in school-aged children: a paradigm for examining sensitive period effects

Background:  Our previous investigation showed that infants with cleft lip who had undergone late (three-month) surgical repair (but not those with early, neonatal, repair) had significantly poorer cognitive development at 18 months than a group of unaffected control children. These differences were mediated by the quality of early mother–infant interactions. The present study examined whether this pattern persisted into later childhood. Method:  At 7 years, 93 index (44 early, and 49 late repair) and 77 control children were followed up and their cognitive development assessed (IQ, language and school achievements). Results:  Index children (particularly those with late lip repair) scored significantly lower than controls on tests of cognitive development. Group differences in Verbal IQ were mediated by 2 months’ maternal sensitivity; this was associated with 7-year Verbal IQ, even after controlling for later mother–child interactions. Conclusions:  Social interactions in the first few months may be of especial importance for child cognitive development. Interventions for infants with cleft lip should be directed at fostering the best possible parental care in infancy.

Interpretation and expectation in childhood anxiety disorders: age effects and social specificity

Theory and treatment for childhood anxiety disorders typically implicates children’s negative cognitions, yet little is known about the characteristics of thinking styles of clinically anxious children. In particular, it is unclear whether differences in thinking styles between children with anxiety disorders and non-anxious children vary as a function of child age, whether particular cognitive distortions are associated with childhood anxiety disorders at different child ages, and whether cognitive content is disorder-specific. The current study addressed these questions among 120 7 - 12 year old children (53% female) who met diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder, other anxiety disorder, or who were not currently anxious. Contrary to expectations, threat interpretation was not inflated amongst anxious compared to non-anxious children at any age, although older (10 - 12 year old) anxious children did differ from non-anxious children on measures of perceived coping. The notion of cognitive-content specificity was not supported across the age-range. The findings challenge current treatment models of childhood anxiety, and suggest that a focus on changing anxious children’s cognitions is not warranted in mid-childhood, and in late childhood cognitive approaches may be better focussed on promoting children’s perceptions of control rather than challenging threat interpretations.

Therapeutic Discourse and the American Public Philosophy: On American Liberalism's Troubled Relationship with Psychology

I explore the main currents of postwar American liberalism. One, sociological, emerged in response to the danger of mass movements. Articulated primarily by political sociologists and psychologists and ascendant from the mid-fifties till the mid-seventies, it heralded the "end of ideology." It emphasized stability, elitism, positive science and pluralism; it recast normatively sound politics as logrolling and hard bargaining. I argue that these normative features, attractive when considered in isolation, taken together led to a vicious ad hominem style in accounting for views outside the postwar consensus. It used pseudo-scientific literature in labeling populists, Progressives, Taft conservatives, Goldwaterites, the New Left and others "pathological," viz. mentally ill. Hence, "therapeutic discourse." I argue that philosophical liberalism, which reasserts the role of political theory in working out norms and adjudicating disagreement, is a more profitable way of thinking about and defending from critics liberalism. I take the philosopher John Rawls as the tradition's modern representative. This inquiry is important because the themes of sociological liberalism are making a comeback in American public discourse, and with them perhaps the baggage of therapeutic discourse. I present a cautionary tale.

A formação do professor de matemática para a escola inclusiva: os projetos político curriculares das IES públicas do município de Belém-PA em análise

O estudo trata da formação inicial de professores de matemática das IES públicas do município de Belém-PA, estabelecendo como objetivos identificar as características da educação e escola inclusivas; descrever, a partir da vigência da Lei 9.394/96 (LDBEN), que prescrições oficiais foram definidas nessas propostas para tornarem o licenciado em matemática apto para trabalhar na escola inclusiva; identificar que propostas curriculares as IES públicas de Belém elaboraram para seus cursos de licenciatura em matemática, a partir da atual legislação, no sentido de atender as prescrições legais para a atuação desse profissional na escola inclusiva; e, identificar quais as concepções de competências e habilidades foram adotadas nos PPC dos cursos de licenciatura em matemática das IES públicas UFPA, UEPA e IFPA, no município de Belém-PA, em função da necessidade de formar o professor de matemática inclusivo. O estudo mostrou a necessidade de que a educação inclusiva seja considerada como um construto social flexível e não limitado ao trato da pessoa com deficiência, o que incide na necessidade de uma formação inicial que busque fomentar no futuro professor uma atuação que tenha a diversidade como princípio de atuação profissional. O estudo mostra, também, que as competências, enquanto eixo estruturador dessa formação, presentes nas prescrições oficiais vigentes para a educação, traz uma matriz de competência funcionalista, fundada nas psicologias behaviorista e cognitivista, matriz essa que exerceu influências significativas em uma das propostas de formação pesquisadas (UFPA), ao passo que a proposta de formação da UEPA não atendeu as prescrições oficiais no sentido de adotar as competências como eixo nuclear de formação, bem como quanto a uma formação de professores na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva. A terceira proposta (IFPA) buscou atender as prescrições oficiais vigentes, tanto quanto à adoção das competências, como eixo de formação, quanto uma formação de professores de matemática na perspectiva da educação inclusiva, adotando, para tanto, como um diferencial significativo, competências e concepções que trazem a aprendizagem fundada nas interações entre os atores envolvidos no processo educativo, onde se observou a preponderância da matriz construtivista de competências, sob as bases da Psicologia Sócio- Histórica de Vygotsky, Leontiev e Luria.

Gênero, violência contra a mulher e teatro do(a) oprimido(a): construindo novas possibilidades de pesquisa e intervenção social

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The Challenges of Psychology at Work in Mental Health: the drugs issue.

This article aims to show that the challenges of psychology in working with mental health in the field of drugs is traversed by both the conceptions molded by biopolitical forces (FOUCAULT) as the decadence of modern democracy (AGAMBEN), and visible features in the current treatment given in Brazil to issue of smoking (SILVA), as well as urbanistic projects such as the case of Luz district in São Paulo (LEITE & CASTRO). In this sense, it leads us to question about what is prohibited, about who actually suffers the punishment, in short, about what do we really take care when we take into account the Unheimlich (FREUD) and other social interdicts (BATAILLE).