W/T SPR codes offer higher throughput in OCDMA networks

In this paper optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) packet network is considered, which offers inherent security in the access networks. Two types of random access protocols are proposed for packet transmission. In protocol 1, all distinct codes and in protocol 2, distinct codes as well as shifted versions of all these codes are used. O-CDMA network performance using optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) 1-D and two-dimensional (2-D) wavelength/time single-pulse-per-row (W/T SPR) codes are analyzed. The main advantage of using 2-D codes instead of one-dimensional (1-D) codes is to reduce the errors due to multiple access interference among different users. SPR codes are chosen as they have nearly ideal correlation properties. In this paper, correlation receiver is considered in the analysis. Using analytical model, we compare the OOC and SPR code performances in O-CDMA networks. We compute packet-success probability and throughput for both the types of codes. The analysis shows improved performance with SPR codes as compared to OOC codes.

Accelerated multistress aging of polymer nanocomposites and its condition monitoring

In recent years, the time dependant maintenance of expensive high voltage power equipments is getting replaced by condition based maintenance so as to detect apriori an impending failure of the equipment. For condition based maintenance, most monitoring systems concentrate on the electrical quantities such as measurement and evaluation of partial discharges, tan delta, tip-up test, dielectric strength, insulation resistance, polarization and depolarization current. However, in the case of equipments being developed with novel nanodielectric insulating materials, the variation in these parameters before an impending failure is not available. Hence in this work, accelerated electrothermal aging studies have been conducted on unfilled epoxy as well as epoxy nanocomposite samples of 5 wt% filler loading, and the tan d values were continuously monitored to obtain the condition of the samples under study. It was observed that those samples whose tan d increased at a rapid rate failed first.

Sheltered coastal environments as archives of paleo-tsunami deposits: Observations from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

The 2004 earthquake left several traces of coseismic land deformation and tsunami deposits, both on the islands along the plate boundary and distant shores of the Indian Ocean rim countries. Researchers are now exploring these sites to develop a chronology of past events. Where the coastal regions are also inundated by storm surges, there is an additional challenge to discriminate between the deposits formed by these two processes. Paleo-tsunami research relies largely on finding deposits where preservation potential is high and storm surge origin can be excluded. During the past decade of our work along the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the east coast of India, we have observed that the 2004 tsunami deposits are best preserved in lagoons, inland streams and also on elevated terraces. Chronological evidence for older events obtained from such sites is better correlated with those from Thailand, Sri Lanka and Indonesia, reiterating their usefulness in tsunami geology studies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Efecto de labranza y métodos de control de malezas sobre la dinámica de las maleza y el crecimiento y rendimiento del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L) postrera, 1994

Con el propósito de evaluar la influencia de los dos sistemas de labranza y tres métodos de control de malezas sobre el comportamiento de las malezas y en el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo del frijol común, se llevó a efecto el presente experimento en la finca experimental La Compañía, San Marcos, Carazo. Los factores en estudio fueron A. manejo de suelo, el cual incluyo labranza mínima (chapia más raya de siembra) y labranza cero (chapia más siembra el espeque) y 5: controles de malezas, donde se incluyeron: Pre-emergente más post-emergente (paraquat, 1 día después de le siembra más fluazifob-butil más fomesalen, 21 días después de le siembra), pre-emergente más cobertura (paraquat, 1 día después de la siembra, más cobertura muerta de maíz, 8 días después de la siembra) y pre-emergente más chapia (paraquat, 1 días después de la siembre, más chapia con azadón a los 21 días después de la siembra). Los resultados obtenidos indican que el sistema de labranza cero permitió la mayor abundancia y cobertura de maleza, sin embargo ésta presentó la menor biomasa de malezas. El método de control de maleza que presentó el mejor efecto sobre las malezas fue el pre-emergente más post-emergente, al permitir los menores valores en abundancia, cobertura, biomasa (peso seco) y diversidad. El sistema de labranza mínima presentó el mayor número de vainas por planta, y el mejor rendimiento, aunque no significativamente diferente de labranza cero. Los métodos de control de malezas obtuvieron valores similares en relación a las variables de rendimiento, como número de vainas por plantas, número de granos por vainas y peso de 100 granos, destacándose con un mayor rendimiento el control pre-emergente más cobertura. El método de control pre-emergente más cobertura y el sistema de labranza mínima obtuvieron los mejores rendimientos y también el mejor beneficio neto y la mejor rentabilidad.

Evaluación de niveles de daños por el cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) y severidad de enfermedades foliares del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), y su efecto en el rendimiento, Tisma, Masaya, 2004

Este trabajo se realizó durante la época de postrera del 2004 en la finca El Madroñal, propiedad del productor Agapito Ñurinda ubicada en el municipio de Tisma, departamento de Masaya. El objetivo de este estudio es generar información de niveles económicos de daños de la plaga cogollero [( Spodoptera frugiperda) J.E Smith] y severidad de enfermedades foliares como Antracnosis [ Colletotrichum graminicola (Cesati- Wilson)], raya tiznada de la hoja [ Ramulispora sorghi (Ellis y Everhart Olive y Lefebvre)] y Mancha gris de la hoja [Cercospora sorghi (Ellis y Everhart)]. El diseño experimental utilizado fue bloques completos al azar (BCA), con cuatro repeticiones y cinco tratamientos conformados por daño por cogollero y severidad de enfermedades foliares T1=[(20 % cogollero y 10% Enfermedad (grado 3)], T2=[(30 % cogollero y 20% Enfermedad (grado 4)], T3=[(40 % cogollero y 30% Enfermedad (grado 5)], T4=[(50 % cogollero y 50% Enfermedad (grado 7)], y T5 Testigo sin aplicación química al follaje únicamente manejo de panoja. Se realizó un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) y separación de medias por Tukey con α =0.05) más un análisis de covarianza entre las enfermedades foliares Antracnosis y mancha gris. Para el gusano cogollero el análisis estadístico no mostró diferencias significativas entre los diferentes tratamientos. Los daños por este insecto se presentaron desde los 9 a los 45 días después de la siembra (dds), durante la etapa vegetativa del cultivo. El análisis de varianza realizado para Antracnosis y mancha tiznada mostró diferencias estadísticas a los 45 y 54 (dds), no así para mancha gris que no indicó diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. Los mayores porcentajes de severidad de las enfermedades no sobrepasaron un 40 % (grado 6). Para la variable rendimiento el análisis indica diferencia estadísticas entre los tratamientos, obteniendo los mayores rendimientos los tratamientos T1 y T2, con 2501 y 2138 kg ha-1 respectivamente. En el análisis económico los menores costos variables se obtuvieron en el tratamiento T3, y la mayor tasa de retorno marginal la presentó el tratamiento T1 con 236.86 %

Comparación de alternativas de manejo para plagas convencional e integrado (MIP) en el cultivo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench), en época de postrera en las localidades Guanacastillo - Masaya y CNIA-INTA, Managua 2004

Este trabajo se realizó en dos localidades; finca El Paraíso ubicada en el km 38 carretera Masaya-Tipitapa; Comarca Guanacastillo municipio de Masaya y Centro Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (CNIA-INTA), ubicada en el km 14 carretera norte departamento de Managua. Con el objetivo de generar alternativas de manejo de plagas insectíles y enfermedades en el cultivo del sorgo. El diseño experimental utilizado fue bloque completos al azar (BCA), con cuatro tratamientos y cinco repeticiones: T1 (una aplicación de cypermetrina, phyton, benomil en etapa vegetativa y reproductiva), T2 (dos aplicaciones de cypermetrina, phyton, benomil en etapa vegetativa y reproductiva), T3 (una aplicación de dipel, caldo sulfocalcico en etapa vegetativa y reproductiva), T4 (dos aplicaciones de dipel, caldo sulfocalcico en etapa vegetativa y reproductiva). Las variables evaluadas fueron: incidencia de daño fresco por cogollero, severidad de enfermedades foliares e incidencia de mohos de la panoja y rendimiento. Se realizó análisis de varianza (ANDEVA) y separación de medias por Duncan con ( α = 5%). Para el gusano cogollero el análisis estadístico indica que se encontró diferencia significativa entre los diferentes tratamientos en ambas localidades. Presentando los menores porcentajes de daños los tratamientos dipel y caldo sulfocá lcico. El análisis de varianza realizado para raya tiznada y mohos de la panoja mostró diferencias estadísticas en ambas localidades, no así para ohos de la panoja en la localidad finca El Paraíso. Para la variable rendimiento el análisis indica que no se encontró diferencia estadística entre los tratamientos en ambas localidades, obteniendo los mayores rendimientos los tratamientos T3 y T4, con 2520 y 2626 kg ha-1(finca El Paraíso), 2762 y 2814 kg ha-1(CNIA-INTA) respectivamente. En el análisis económico los menores costos variables se obtuvo en el tratamiento T3 en ambas localidades y la mayor rentabilidad con 965.86 % (finca El Paraíso) y 1068.19 % (CNIA- INTA).

South and South-East Asian coastal fisheries: their status and directions for improved management: conference synopsis and recommendations

As a step to address the problems of coastal fisheries in Asia, the WorldFish Center joined forces with fisheries agencies from eight developing Asian countries (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam) and the Asian Development Bank, to implement a project entitled “Sustainable Management of Coastal Fish Stocks in Asia” (also known as the “TrawlBase” project). The project was implemented between 1998 and 2001. The main achievements of this partnership were: (a) Development of a database called “Fisheries Resource Information System and Tools” (FiRST), which contains trawl research survey data and socioeconomic information for selected fisheries, and facilitates its analysis; (b) Evaluation of the extent of resource decline and over-fishing, both biological and economic, in the region; (c) Identification of the measures needed to manage coastal fisheries in the participating countries, resulting in draft strategies and action plans; and (d) Strengthening of national capacity in coastal fisheries assessment, planning and management.

Aquaculture Asia, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp.1-42, October-December 2005

*Table of Contents* Sustainable aquaculture Peter Edwards writes on rural aquaculture: Small-scale pond culture in Bangladesh. People in aquaculture Community based aquaculture - issues and challenges H.K. De and G.S. Saha. Aquaculture as an action programme: An exercise in building confidence and self worth. B. Shanthi, V.S. Chandrasekaran, M. Kailasam, M. Muralidar, T. Ravisankar,.C. Saradad and M. Krishnan The STREAM Column: Transforming policy recommendations into pro-poor service provision Graham Haylor. Research & farming techniques. Grow out of juvenile spotted Babylon to marketable size in earthen ponds II: Polyculture with seabass. S. Kritsanapuntu, N. Chaitanawisuti, W. Santhaweesuk and Y. Natsukari Asia-Pacific Marine Finfish Aquaculture Network. Influence of economic conditions of importing nations and unforeseen global events on grouper markets. Sih Yang Sim. Present status of hatchery technology for cobia in Vietnam. Nhu Van Can. Report on grouper hatchery training course in Indonesia. Nguyen Quoc Thai. Aquatic animal health. Biosecured and improved penaeid shrimp production through organic nursery raceway system in India. Felix. S. and M. Samaya Kannan. Management of monogenean parasites in brackishwater finfish. K.P. Jithendran, M. Natarajan and I.S. Azad. Vembanad Lake: A potential spawner bank of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii on the southwest coast of India. Paramaraj Balamurugan, Pitchaimuthu Mariappan & Chellam Balasundaram.

Aquaculture Asia, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp.1-47, April-June 2003

*Table of Contents* Sustainable Aquaculture Peter Edwards writes on rural aquaculture: Peri-urban aquaculture in Kolkata A case of informal shrimp farmers association and its role in sustainable shrimp farming in Tamil Nadu, India M. Kumaran, N. Kalaimani, K. Ponnusamy, V.S. Chandrasekaran, D. Deboral Vimala Diffusion and adoption of shrimp farming technologies M. Kumaran, K. Ponnusamy and N. Kalaimani Farmers as Scientists: Aquaculture education in India - opportunities for global partnership M.C. Nandeesha Information system of fish germplasm resources in China Yang Ningsheng, Ge Chanshui, Ouyang Haiying, Yuan Yongming Status and development needs of freshwater crustacean aquaculture in China Xu Pao Research and Farming Techniques Aquaculture fundamentals: Getting the most out of your feed Part II: The role of macronutrients Simon Wilkinson Fish breeding in captivity - some innovative adaptations of technology by Bengal farmers N.R. Chattopadhyay Scientific guidelines for farmers engaged in freshwater prawn farming in India Vishal Saxena Marine Finfish Section News and publications Status and development of mariculture in Indonesia Ketut Sugama Aquatic Animal Health Use of probiotics in larval rearing of new candidate species Rehana Abidi Advice on aquatic animal health care: Problems in shrimp culture during the wet season (Thai/English languages) Pornlerd Chanratchakool

SAMUDRA Report, No. 50, August 2008

Report: Rights-based fishing - Flagging rights, realizing responsibilities. Senegal: Artisanal fisheries - A health check. Analysis: Fuel prices - Fishing in times of high prices. Panama: Protected areas - Mother earth, mother sea. Review: Films - A restless, throbbing ballet. Norway: Fuel subsidies - Skimming the cream. India: Coastal Management - Save the coast, save the fishers. Report: Chile Workshop - Common concerns, lasting bonds. Indonesia: Fisheries Legislation - Ring of fire. Report: CBD COP9 - Breaking away from tradition. On Samudra Report At 50 – Supplement. (64 pp.)

STREAM Journal, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp 1-18. July-September 2003

CONTENTS: Livelihood Improvements through fisheries in the Pode community in Pokhara, Nepal, by Tek Bahadur Gurung and Jay Dev Bista. Women’s participation in coastal resources management and livelihoods in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, by Nguyen Thu Hue, Than Thi Hien, Pham Thi Phuong Hoa, Nguyen Viet Vinh and Dao Viet Long. Supporting people’s efforts and interactions in coastal resources management in Indonesia, by Tabitha Yulita. Planning for a community fisheries M&E system, by Heather Airlie and Haiko Meelis. Identifying needs and recommendations for efficient stakeholder communications through an information access survey, by Elizabeth M. Gonzales, Malene Felsing and Erwin L Pador. IEC seminar-workshop in support of fisheries ordinance implementation in Roxas City, Philippines, by Belinda M. Garrido and Elizabeth M. Gonzales.

STREAM Journal, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp 1-17. October-December 2004

CONTENTS: Pasoso project: local livelihoods and turtle conservation in a small island MPA in central Sulawesi, Indonesia, by Abigail Moore. Fisheries development in Lao PDR, by Khamphet Roger. Creating better fisher livelihoods through leasable fisheries, by Khin Maung Soe. The Jankar system for sustainable livelihoods: lessons from the EIRFP, by Binay Kumar Sahay. Alternative livelihoods for landlocked areas in BFAR Region 6, by Jacqueline T. Mamburam. Lessons learned and future replication from Trao reef locally managed marine reserve, by Than Thi Hien.

STREAM Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp 1-17. October-December 2005

CONTENTS: Seaweed culture and farmer incomes in Bekasi, Indonesia, by A. Mauksit L. Maala and Aniza Suspita. Significant change for a self-help group, by Nguyen Song Ha. Conflict over fishing in Jharkhand, by Ashish Kumar. Two worlds across a highway, by William Savage. Critical steps in preparing coastal communities for effective policy changes, by Josephine P. Savaris. New guidelines on data collection and iniormation sharing for co-management, by Charlotte Howard.

Strategies and options for increasing and sustaining fisheries and aquaculture production to benefit poorer households in Asia

The last three decades have witnessed dramatic changes in the structure of supply and demand for fish, especially in Asia. This WorldFish research study sponsored by the Asian Development Bank focussed on nine developing countries – Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam, all active players in the transformation of global fish supply and demand. The study, broken into five components and reported here, considered: 1) the profile of key aquaculture technologies and fishing practices; 2) analysis of policies, institutions and support services; 3) socioeconomic profile of major stakeholders in the fisheries sector; 4) projections of fish demand and supply in the nine Asian countries; and 5) formulation of national action plans based on the findings and recommendations of the study.