Was will Agudas Jisroel?

Von Wolf S. Jacobson

Was will die Achduth? : Eine Aufklärungs- u. Werbeschrift

hrsg. vom General-Sekretariat d. Achduth Frankfurt a. M.

Toothbrushing after an erosive attack: will waiting avoid tooth wear?

The purpose of this study was to determine if storage for up to 4 h in human saliva results in a decrease of erosive tooth wear (ETW) and in an increase of surface microhardness (SMH) of enamel samples after an erosive attack with subsequent abrasion. Furthermore, we determined the impact of individual salivary parameters on ETW and SMH. Enamel samples were distributed into five groups: group 1 had neither erosion nor saliva treatment; groups 2-5 were treated with erosion, then group 2 was placed in a humid chamber and groups 3-5 were incubated in saliva for 30 min, 2 h, and 4 h, respectively. After erosion and saliva treatments, all groups were treated with abrasion. Surface microhardness and ETW were measured before and after erosion, incubation in saliva, and abrasion. Surface microhardness and ETW showed significant changes throughout the experiment: SMH decreased and ETW increased in groups 2-5, regardless of the length of incubation in saliva. The results of groups 3-5 (exposed to saliva) were not significantly different from those of group 2 (not exposed to saliva). Exposure of eroded enamel to saliva for up to 4 h was not able to increase SMH or reduce ETW. However, additional experiments with artificial saliva without proteins showed protection from erosive tooth wear. The recommendation to postpone toothbrushing of enamel after an erosive attack should be reconsidered.

Distortion-free enhancement of terahertz signals measured by electro-optic sampling. I. Theory

We present three methods for the distortion-free enhancement of THz signals measured by electro-optic sampling in zinc blende-type detector crystals, e.g., ZnTe or GaP. A technique commonly used in optically heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect spectroscopy is introduced, which is based on two measurements at opposite optical biases near the zero transmission point in a crossed polarizer detection geometry. In contrast to other techniques for an undistorted THz signal enhancement, it also works in a balanced detection scheme and does not require an elaborate procedure for the reconstruction of the true signal as the two measured waveforms are simply subtracted to remove distortions. We study three different approaches for setting an optical bias using the Jones matrix formalism and discuss them also in the framework of optical heterodyne detection. We show that there is an optimal bias point in realistic situations where a small fraction of the probe light is scattered by optical components. The experimental demonstration will be given in the second part of this two-paper series [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, doc. ID 204877 (2014, posted online)].

Was will der Zionismus?

[Adolf Friedemann]

Elementarbuch der Hebräischen Sprache oder practische Anleitung, das Hebräische (nach Ahn's bekannter Lehrmethode) in kurzer Zeit lesen, schreiben und übersetzen zu lernen : für Jeden, der ohne Beihilfe eines Lehrers in den Geist der Hebräischen Sprache eindringen und zur Kenntniß der heiligen Schriften im Urtexte gelangen will, und mit besonderer Rücksicht für israelitische Volksschulen bearbeitet

von L. Einstein

"Of course I will...": The combined effect of certainty and level of expectancies on persistence and performance

The importance of performance expectancies for the prediction of regulation of behavior and actual performance has long been established. Building on theories from the field of social cognition, we suggest that the level of performance expectancies, as well as the certainty of the expectancy, have a joint influence on an individual’s beliefs and behavior. In two studies (one cross sectional using a sample of secondary school students and one longitudinal using a sample of university students) we found that expectancies more strongly predicted persistence, and subsequent performance, the more certain the expectancy was. This pattern was found even if prior performance was controlled, as in Study 2. The data give an indication that it may be useful to include certainty as an additional variable in expectancy models.

The Role of Plant Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Root-Herbivore Behaviour, Nutrition and Physiology

Many insect herbivores feed on belowground plant tissues. In this chapter, we discuss how they have adapted to deal with root primary and secondary metabolites. It is becoming evident that root herbivores can use root volatiles and exudates for host location and foraging. Their complex sensory apparatus suggests a sophisticated recognition and signal transduction system. Furthermore, endogenous metabolites trigger attractive or repellent responses in root feeders, indicating that they may specifically fine-tune food uptake to meet their dietary needs. Little evidence for direct toxic effects of root secondary metabolites has accumulated so far, indicating high prevalence of tolerance mechanisms. Root herbivores furthermore facilitate the entry of soil microbes into the roots, which may influence root nutritional quality. Investigating the role of plant metabolites in an ecologically and physiologically relevant context will be crucial to refine our current models on root-herbivore physiology and behaviour in the future.

Was will die Demokratie?

Boberach: In einem Vortrag im Demokratischen Verein des Berliner Bezirks 48 wird die Demokratie in Auseinandersetzung mit Kommunismus und Anarchie einerseits, mit Guizot andererseits definiert

Ist Christus nicht der erste und erhabenste Demokrat[?] : ein Entwurf von einem katholischen aber ehrlich denkenden Priester-Freunde und Lehrer seiner Mitmenschen, der nur später öffentlich genannt sein will, damit er seinem Namen nichts zu verdanken habe

Boberach: Aus dem Neuen Testament wird die Forderung nicht nur nach geistiger, sondern auch "körperlicher Freiheit" abgeleitet, aus Nr. 229 der Kölnischen Zeitung vom 25.9. 1849 das angeblich in Caserta in einer Inschrift überlieferte "Todesurteil gegen Jesus Christus" übernommen

Adresse An die Hohe constituirende Versammlung der Abgeordneten des Preußischen Staats in Berlin: Hohe Versammlung! Der Ihnen vorliegende neue Gesetzentwurf will im 24. Art. des II. Titels ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Petition zur Änderung des Artikels 24 der Landesverfassung, um evangelischen Presbyterien ein Mitspracherecht bei der Schulaufsicht zu ermöglichen