La Competencia en comunicación en el aprendizaje orientado a proyectos (PBL)

La renovación de las metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje ha puesto el énfasis en la actividad que los estudiantes desarrollan en el proceso de construcción de los aprendizajes. El aprendizaje orientado a proyectos (PBL) es una metodología proactiva basada en la autonomía con que los alumnos enfocan tanto el diseño del proyecto de aprendizaje, como el significado atribuido al mismo. La experiencia de implantación PBL orientada al desarrollo de la competencia en comunicación como eje del aprendizaje cooperativo, ha tenido como resultado una mayor implicación y valoración positiva de los estudiantes acerca de la autonomía y colaboración en el proceso de aprendizaje

O poder simbólico dos manuais escolares de língua portuguesa: revelação e ocultação

RESUMO: Este estudo tem como propósito compreender as ideologias, os valores, as representações sociais e os estereótipos difundidos pelos manuais escolares de Língua Portuguesa. Para atingirmos esta finalidade procedemos, inicialmente, à definição do corpus e, em seguida, à análise de conteúdo dos textos de sete manuais, do 7º ano de escolaridade, ainda em vigor. A análise dos mesmos foi realizada a partir de oito categorias que estabelecemos após uma leitura flutuante: família, religião, educação, amor, amizade, ética ambiental, poder e sonho. Os dados recolhidos foram trabalhados quantitativa e qualitativamente de acordo com a metodologia proposta por Lawrence Bardin (1997). Os manuais escolares estudados evidenciaram-se detentores de paradigmas ideológicos repressivos e homogéneos assim como reprodutores de valores tradicionalistas implícitos que visam a consubstanciação de uma mundividência ocidental que luta pela inalterabilidade das relações de género, dos valores morais, éticos e religiosos que prevalecem na sociedade e servem os desígnios da classe dominante. Confidentes de um poder simbólico que os caracteriza os manuais escolares visam a conservação das relações sociais e a sua unificação, ignorando a diversidade cultural, o multiculturalismo e as relações interculturais inerentes ao mundo social. ABSTRACT: This study aims to understand the ideologies, values, social representations and stereotypes disseminated by the Portuguese language textbooks. To achieve this purpose we began by defining the corpus and then we analyzed the content of seven 7th grade textbooks still in use. The analysis was done in eight categories established from an initial reading: family, religion, education, love, friendship, environmental ethics, power and dream. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively according to the methodology proposed by Lawrence Bardin (1997). The textbooks studied contained repressive and homogeneous ideological paradigms, as well as traditionalist implicit breeding values which pursue the implementation of a Western worldview that struggles to maintain both gender relations and moral, ethical and religious values that prevail in society and serve the ambitions of the ruling class. Confident of a symbolic power that characterize school textbooks, they aim to preserve social relationships and their unification, ignoring cultural diversity, multiculturalism and the intercultural relations that exist in the social world.

A Educação alimentar e nutricional : práticas pedagógicas em Escolas do Município de Ubajara-CE

Umas das grandes causas de problemas nutricionais é a falta de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional, que, na maioria das vezes, consiste em simples orientações e técnicas educativas inadequadas e tradicionais. Portanto, a pesquisa analisou a Educação Alimentar e Nutricional, mais especificamente as práticas pedagógicas utilizadas pelos professores das escolas públicas do município de Ubajara-Ce, realizando entrevistas com os docentes que ministram Ciências Naturais no 8º ano de três escolas municipais e aplicando-se também um questionário para os alunos. Todos os docentes possuem graduação em Pedagogia e Pós-Graduação em áreas não afins com a temática. Não houve formação continuada sobre o assunto, mas de acordo com o questionário, os alunos possuem os conhecimentos sobre o tema, onde estatisticamente não houve diferenças significativas ao nível de 5% para a maioria das questões. Ao analisar o discurso dos docentes, a metodologia de ensino utilizada tem tendência ao ensino sócio e individualizado com a exposição oral, debates, dinâmicas e entre os recursos didáticos estão a lousa, livros e recursos audiovisuais. Somente as práticas pedagógicas dos Professores 1 e 3 tomam um caráter de práticas reflexivas, nos levando a concluir que independente das diferenças entre as práticas pedagógicas, todas levaram ao aprendizado do aluno.

Museums and quality, from the concept of the museum that carries out functions to the museum that provides services

Quality management Self-evaluation of the organisation Citizens/customers satisfaction Impact on society evaluation Key performance evaluation Good practices comparison (Benchmarking) Continuous improvement In professional environments, when quality assessment of museums is discussed, one immediately thinks of the honourableness of the directors and curators, the erudition and specialisation of knowledge, the diversity of the gathered material and study of the collections, the collections conservation methods and environmental control, the regularity and notoriety of the exhibitions and artists, the building’s architecture and site, the recreation of environments, the museographic equipment design. We admit that the roles and attributes listed above can contribute to the definition of a specificity of museological good practice within a hierarchised functional perspective (the museum functions) and for the classification of museums according to a scale, validated between peers, based on “installed” appreciation criteria, enforced from above downwards, according to the “prestige” of the products and of those who conceive them, but that say nothing about the effective satisfaction of the citizen/customers and the real impact on society. There is a lack of evaluation instruments that would give us a return of all that the museum is and represents in contemporary society, focused on being and on the relation with the other, in detriment of the ostentatious possession and of the doing in order to meet one’s duties. But it is only possible to evaluate something by measurement and comparison, on the basis of well defined criteria, from a common grid, implicating all of the actors in the self-evaluation, in the definition of the aims to fulfil and in the obtaining of results.

As modalidades de formação contínua e a sua adequação à melhoria das práticas profissionais

A presente dissertação pretende investigar quais as modalidades de formação contínua que contribuem de forma mais significativa para os professores adotarem a aprendizagem por projetos para promover o desenvolvimento dos seus alunos. Começamos por estudar a literatura sobre o Movimento da Escola Moderna, modelo pedagógico que sempre adotámos na nossa prática educativa quotidiana. Concluímos nesse estudo que a aprendizagem curricular por projetos constitui a característica dominante neste modelo, para melhorar a qualidade da educação dos nossos alunos. Importava por consequência descrever as práticas educativas deste modelo em detalhe, a fim de as correlacionar com as características de formação que conduzam à adoção das primeiras. Encontrámos fundamentação para caracterizar os grandes domínios reveladores das práticas educativas na pesquisa documental efetuada sobre obras de referência na matéria. Esta fundamentação legitimou a identificação sistemática de práticas educativas do modelo, em trabalhos académicos que se dedicaram ao seu estudo. Conseguimos caracterizar as práticas reais de sala de aula, identificando oitenta e sete descritores de práticas do modelo. Baseados na pesquisa documental desenvolvida sobre os conceitos de isomorfismo e transferência concluímos que o aumento de indicadores isomórficos entre as práticas educativas e as práticas de formação poderão proporcionar uma maior capacidade de transferência daquelas práticas educativas para o exercício profissional dos formandos. Este estudo de correlação desenvolvido entre os 88 descritores de práticas e as seis modalidades de formação disponíveis, revelou-nos que as modalidades de Estágio e Oficina apresentam uma correlação, mais consistente de isomorfismos entre as suas características e os descritores de práticas. A proposta de resolução do problema identificado neste trabalho consistiu na conceção e planeamento de uma ação de formação contínua dirigida aos professores do nosso agrupamento, organizada segundo a modalidade de Oficina de Formação.

A sociologia da educação na formação de professores : potencialidades e limitações

Este estudo, com o título “A sociologia da educação na formação de professores”: potencialidades e limitações tem como principal objetivo, analisar as dificuldades que os professores revelam em mobilizar conhecimentos da disciplina sociologia da educação na sua prática pedagógica. Para realizá-lo, utilizaram-se as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa. O que permitiu constatar que na formação inicial da educação superior destes professores, os conteúdos mais presentes durante a ministração da disciplina sociologia da educação foram as teorias sociológicas no campo da educação, com base no consenso e também com base no conflito. Mais de 50% dos professores da amostra declararam que durante o desenvolvimento da disciplina sociologia da educação foram proporcionadas atividades que oportunizassem ao aluno o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão. Em relação à prática docente, cerca de 69,70% não têm tempo para planejar as aulas na escola.

Sociology, Gender and Educational Aspirations: Girls and their Ambitions

This study helps develop an overall understanding as to why some students achieve where others don't. Debate on the effects of class on educational attainment is well documented and typically centres on the reproductive nature of class whilst studies of the effect of class on educational aspirations also predict outcomes that see education reinforcing and reproducing a student's class background.Despite a number of government initiatives to help raise higher education participation to 50 per cent by 2010, for the working class numbers have altered little. Using data from an ethnographic case study of a low-achieving girls school, the author explores aspirations and argues that whilst class is very powerful in explaining educational attainment, understanding educational aspirations is somewhat more complex. The purpose of this book, therefore, is to question and challenge popular assumptions surrounding class-based theory in making sense of girls' aspirations and to question the usefulness of the continued over reliance of such broad categorisations by both academics and policy makers

When school is not enough: new initiatives in intergenerational language transmission in Wales

This paper examines language reproduction in the family in the context of a highly innovative project in Wales, where the Welsh language has been in decline for over a century. Although Welsh-medium schooling has played a pivotal role in slowing and even reversing language shift in recent decades, there is mounting evidence of the dangers of over-reliance on education. The Twf (Growth) Project was established in 2002 with funding from the National Assembly for Wales with the aim of raising awareness of the benefits of bilingualism among parents and prospective parents. Analysis of interviews with the main stakeholders in the project (managers, the Twf project officers, parents, health workers and a range of other partners), publicity materials and observations of project staff at work suggests that the achievements of the project lie in two main areas: the recognition of the need for building strong alliances with professional groups and organisations that work with families with young children; and the development of a marketing strategy appropriate for the target audience. It is argued that the experience of the project will be of interest to those addressing the issue of intergenerational transmission in a range of other minority language settings.

Maximizing revenue in Grid markets using an economically enhanced resource manager

Traditional resource management has had as its main objective the optimization of throughput, based on parameters such as CPU, memory, and network bandwidth. With the appearance of Grid markets, new variables that determine economic expenditure, benefit and opportunity must be taken into account. The Self-organizing ICT Resource Management (SORMA) project aims at allowing resource owners and consumers to exploit market mechanisms to sell and buy resources across the Grid. SORMA's motivation is to achieve efficient resource utilization by maximizing revenue for resource providers and minimizing the cost of resource consumption within a market environment. An overriding factor in Grid markets is the need to ensure that the desired quality of service levels meet the expectations of market participants. This paper explains the proposed use of an economically enhanced resource manager (EERM) for resource provisioning based on economic models. In particular, this paper describes techniques used by the EERM to support revenue maximization across multiple service level agreements and provides an application scenario to demonstrate its usefulness and effectiveness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Morphological awareness and reading development in bilingual English-Chinese children in Singapore

Addressing two aspects of morphological awareness – derivational and compound, this study investigates the relationships between morphological awareness and vocabulary and reading comprehension in English-Chinese bilingual primary 3 children in Singapore (N = 76). Comparable tasks in Chinese and English were administered to examine the children’s morphological awareness, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. The results show that morphological awareness is highly related to vocabulary and reading comprehension, with higher correlations between morphological awareness and reading comprehension than between morphological awareness and vocabulary. This indicates that morphological awareness may have direct influence on reading comprehension beyond the mediating effect of vocabulary. Furthermore, the results indicate that children displayed more compound than derivational morphological awareness for Chinese due to the dominance of compound morphology in Chinese. However the children also displayed similar levels of derivational and compound morphological awareness for English despite far more derivatives than compounds in English. The robust cross-linguistic correlations suggest that Chinese compound morphological knowledge plays a facilitating role not only in learning English compounds, but also in learning transparently derived words that do not involve phonological or orthographic shifts.

Interviewing children and young people with learning disabilities: guidelines for researchers and multi-professional practice

We argue that it is important for researchers and service providers to not only recognize the rights of children and young people with learning disabilities to have a ‘voice’, but also to work actively towards eliciting views from all. A set of guidelines for critical self-evaluation by those engaged in systematically collecting the views of children and young people with learning disabilities is proposed. The guidelines are based on a series of questions concerning: research aims and ethics (encompassing access/gatekeepers; consent/assent; confidentiality/anonymity/secrecy, recognition, feedback and ownership; and social responsibility) sampling, design and communication

Podcasting Oral Presentations

This presentation tells how podcasts can be used to enhance the learning experience of English as a Second Language (ESL) students registered in a content-based language immersion program. The students were placed in groups of four and asked to prepare an oral presentation. The topics of the presentations included Financial Aid, College Courses and Course Schedules and Academic Policies. Each presentation was podcasted to give students an opportunity for self-evaluation and feedback.

Egenvård vid hjärtsvikt- en enkätstudie om vilka egenvårds åtgärder personer med hjärtsvikt säger sig använda i det dagliga livet

Heart failure is an illness that requires life-long treatment and often affects everyday aspects of a person’s life. Self-care is a significant part of the treatment. Good self-care resources make it possible for people with heart failure to make the lifestyle changes they often need to maintain or improve their level of health. Self-care means having knowledge of and being able to recognize the symptoms and signs of deterioration that can occur with heart failure, so that the person can take appropriate measures – and it also means knowing when it is time to seek professional help. The significance of self-care for heart failure has increased and will increase even more in the future, when monitoring one’s condition will be left more and more to the people themselves and those who take care of them. The object of the study was to learn what self-care measures people with heart failure say they apply in everyday life. The quantitative method of a questionnaire study (The European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale) was used. Of the 94 people registered at a heart failure unit who were asked to complete the questionnaire, 58 of them consented. The results showed that more than 95% of the people with heart failure applied the recommended self-care measure of taking the medicines prescribed by their doctor. Many also applied the self-care measures of taking a rest during the day (83%) and taking it easy when they felt out of breath (78%). On the other hand, the self-care measures of daily weight control were applied only by 41%, daily exercise by only 48% and salt and fluid restrictions by only 59%. The self-care measures of contacting a doctor/nurse when noticing problems or symptoms of deterioration were applied by only 36% of those who felt out of breath and by only 43% of those who felt increased fatigue. The conclusion is that there is a need to improve the knowledge about and confidence in self-care treatment for people with heart failure. One way of achieving this is to show that people with heart failure check for symptoms and apply measures in their homes as part of the treatment and that this leads to an increased quality of life.

Ukrainas konstitutionella sicksackande : Regimförändring och partiutveckling under semipresidentialism

Ukraine has repeatedly shifted between the two sub-types of semi-presidentialism, i.e. between premier-presidentialism and president-parliamentarism. The aim of this article is to discuss to what extent theoretical arguments against premier-presidential and president-parliamentary systems are relevant for understanding the shifting directions of the Ukrainian regime. As a point of departure, I formulate three main claims from the literature: 1) “President-parliamentarism is less conducive to democratization than premier-presidentialism.”; 2) “Semi-presidentialism in both its variants have built-in incitements for intra-executive conflict between the president and the prime minister.”; 3) “Semi-presidentialism in general, and president-parliamentarism in particular, encourages presidentialization of political parties.” I conclude from the study’s empirical overview that the president-parliamentary system– the constitutional arrangement with the most dismal record of democratization – has been instrumental in strengthening presidential dominance and authoritarian tendencies. The premier-presidential period 2006–2010 was by no means smooth and stable, but the presidential dominance weakened and the survival of the government was firmly anchored in the parliament. During this period, there were also indications of a gradual strengthening of institutional capacity among the main political parties and the parliament began to emerge as a significant political arena.

Celso Furtado - história e estado na teoria do subdesenvolvimento

Este artigo discute a concepção de história que informa a visão de Celso Furtado quanto ao processo econômico brasileiro. O objetivo é demonstrar que sua leitura da história econômica do Brasil está orientada por sua concepção de subdesenvolvimento, herdada da CEPAL, e se encontra intimamente vinculada a seu projeto político-ideológico de nação, desenvolvido nos anos 50 e 60.