Projecte d'una instal·lació elèctrica i una instal·lació solar fotovoltaica connectada a la xarxa de baixa tensió, en una nau industrial

Dissenyar la xarxa elèctrica d'una nau industrial i dissenyar una instal·lació solar fotovoltaica connectada a la xarxa de baixa tensió. Per a la instal·lació de la nova xarxa elèctrica s'ha aprofitat tot l'enllumenat, els endolls i els interruptors existents en la nau, de l'anterior instal·lació, que s'ha quedat obsoleta degut a la instal·lació de noves màquines. S'ha escollit una instal·lació solar fotovoltaica connectada a la xarxa elèctrica perquè s'utilitza una energia purament neta i inesgotable, perquè té una bona rentabilitat.

Cálculo y diseño de la estructura de una nave industrial destinada a un centro de mecanizado

En el siguiente proyecto se pretende realizar los cálculos correctos para determinar cual ha de ser la estructura y las cimentaciones de una nave industrial perfectamente diseñada. El àmbito de aplicación del proyecto es la arquitectura industrial.

Características físicas e físico-químicas de um tipo de bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.) com rendimento industrial superior

Efetuou-se a caracterização física do fruto e físico-química da polpa do bacuri CPATU 207-3, oriundo de uma planta-matriz do Banco de Germoplasma de Bacurizeiro da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Para a caracterização física foi utilizada uma amostra de 50 frutos, os quais foram individualmente analisados quanto aos seguintes aspectos: cor do epicarpo, formato, peso, comprimento, diâmetro, espessura da casca, volume da cavidade interna, número de sementes e de segmentos partenocárpicos, rendimentos porcentuais (p/p) de casca, polpa, sementes e do conjunto representado pela coluna placentária e óvulos abortados. A caracterização físico-química foi efetuada em três amostras de polpa congelada a 18ºC negativos, provenientes de frutos em completo estádio de maturação, coletados nos meses de janeiro, fevereiro e março de 2001, tendo sido consideradas as seguintes variáveis: teores de umidade, de sólidos totais e de sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix), pH, acidez total e a relação sólidos solúveis totais/acidez total titulável. O bacuri CPATU 207-3 apresentou formato ovalado e com ápice ligeiramente pontiagudo, epicarpo de coloração amarelada, fruto de tamanho considerado médio e peso médio de 265,8 g. As principais características diferenciais desse tipo de bacuri são: a espessura da casca (0,75cm), o rendimento porcentual de polpa (27,7%) e o número de segmentos partenocárpicos (2,8 unidades/fruto). A polpa do bacuri CPATU 207-3 apresentou boas características físico-químicas, com 84,35% de umidade, 15,65% de sólidos totais, teor de sólidos solúveis totais de 14,53ºBrix, pH 3,34, acidez total titulável de 1,24% e relação ºBrix/acidez total titulável igual a 11,4. As características físicas e físico-químicas desse tipo de bacuri permitem sua utilização tanto para consumo na forma de fruta fresca como na forma industrializada. Nesse último caso, é particularmente indicado para fabricação de compota, em decorrência do elevado número de segmentos partenocárpicos que apresenta.

Disseny d'una nau bioclimàtica sense ús determinat, ubicat al Polígon Industrial "Camí dels Frares" de Lleida

L'objecte del present projecte tècnic és la descripció de la climatització d'una nau industrial bioclimàtica, fent ús de sistemes passius i si fos necessari, de sistemes actius. El concepte de bioclimàtic procedeix de bios-vida i clima - orientació. El propòsit d'aquest disseny arquitectònic és que des del punt de vista energètic permeti que la nau mantingui un nivell de confort tant en hivern com en estiu, aplicant una sèrie de criteris de disseny a fi d'utilitzar els elements constructius i funcionals propis de l'edifici per tal d'aconseguir un bon control del seu comportament energètic.

Disseny de la instal·lació de climatització de l'ampliació d'una nau industrial destinada a oficines

L'objectiu del projecte és dissenyar la instal·lació de climatització. Es durà a terme utilitzant terra radiant per la calefacció, fent ús de l'energia solar per escalfar l'aigua. També es durà a terme el sistema de refrigeració i ventilació, així­ com la instal·lació solar d'ACS.

Diseño de una nave industrial sin uso específico en la localidad de Vilamalla

En el proyecto se ha diseñado una nave industrial teniendo en cuenta la normativa vigente en el sector y una serie de consideraciones realizadas, como la posibilidad de una futua ampliación o la existencia de puente grúa y de un altillo. También se han estudiado las distintas alternativas que nos ofrece el mercado para construir la estructura de la nave industrial, eligiendo el hormigón prefabricado y el panel sandwich de cubierta como los más apropiados para nuetro caso. Finalmente, se ha justificado el conjunto de acciones (cargas) existentes en la nave, el cálculo de las principales piezas de alimentación requerida.

Projecte d’urbanització del sector 22 – Polígon industrial de Can Sunyer

L’objecte del projecte és la renovació de les infraestructures i serveis d’un polígon industrial de 28, 5 hectàrees situat al municipi de Sant Andreu de la Barca. Amb les millores es preveu millorar la qualitat de vida dels principals usuaris i la integració del polígon dins la xarxa de polígons de la resta del municipi, per altra banda, es planteja que determinades zones del polígon puguin ser utilitzades com a zones de lleure. La millora de les infraestructures comprén: Xarxa de sanejament, xarxa d’aigua potable, xarxa elèctrica , xarxa d’enllumenat públic, millora del ferm i projecció d’un espai verd públic.

Formation and Control of Trace Metal Emissions in Co-Firing of Biomass, Peat, and Wastes in Fluidised Bed Combustors

Environmentally harmful consequences of fossil fuel utilisation andthe landfilling of wastes have increased the interest among the energy producers to consider the use of alternative fuels like wood fuels and Refuse-Derived Fuels, RDFs. The fluidised bed technology that allows the flexible use of a variety of different fuels is commonly used at small- and medium-sized power plants ofmunicipalities and industry in Finland. Since there is only one mass-burn plantcurrently in operation in the country and no intention to build new ones, the co-firing of pre-processed wastes in fluidised bed boilers has become the most generally applied waste-to-energy concept in Finland. The recently validated EU Directive on Incineration of Wastes aims to mitigate environmentally harmful pollutants of waste incineration and co-incineration of wastes with conventional fuels. Apart from gaseous flue gas pollutants and dust, the emissions of toxic tracemetals are limited. The implementation of the Directive's restrictions in the Finnish legislation is assumed to limit the co-firing of waste fuels, due to the insufficient reduction of the regulated air pollutants in the existing flue gas cleaning devices. Trace metals emission formation and reduction in the ESP, the condensing wet scrubber, the fabric filter, and the humidification reactor were studied, experimentally, in full- and pilot-scale combustors utilising the bubbling fluidised bed technology, and, theoretically, by means of reactor model calculations. The core of the model is a thermodynamic equilibrium analysis. The experiments were carried out with wood chips, sawdust, and peat, and their refuse-derived fuel, RDF, blends. In all, ten different fuels or fuel blends were tested. Relatively high concentrations of trace metals in RDFs compared to the concentrations of these metals in wood fuels increased the trace metal concentrations in the flue gas after the boiler ten- to hundred-folds, when RDF was co-fired with sawdust in a full-scale BFB boiler. In the case of peat, lesser increase in trace metal concentrations was observed, due to the higher initial trace metal concentrations of peat compared to sawdust. Despite the high removal rate of most of the trace metals in the ESP, the Directive emission limits for trace metals were exceeded in each of the RDF co-firing tests. The dominat trace metals in fluegas after the ESP were Cu, Pb and Mn. In the condensing wet scrubber, the flue gas trace metal emissions were reduced below the Directive emission limits, whenRDF pellet was used as a co-firing fuel together with sawdust and peat. High chlorine content of the RDFs enhanced the mercuric chloride formation and hence the mercury removal in the ESP and scrubber. Mercury emissions were lower than theDirective emission limit for total Hg, 0.05 mg/Nm3, in all full-scale co-firingtests already in the flue gas after the ESP. The pilot-scale experiments with aBFB combustor equipped with a fabric filter revealed that the fabric filter alone is able to reduce the trace metal concentrations, including mercury, in the flue gas during the RDF co-firing approximately to the same level as they are during the wood chip firing. Lower trace metal emissions than the Directive limits were easily reached even with a 40% thermal share of RDF co-firing with sawdust.Enrichment of trace metals in the submicron fly ash particle fraction because of RDF co-firing was not observed in the test runs where sawdust was used as the main fuel. The combustion of RDF pellets with peat caused an enrichment of As, Cd, Co, Pb, Sb, and V in the submicron particle mode. Accumulation and release oftrace metals in the bed material was examined by means of a bed material analysis, mass balance calculations and a reactor model. Lead, zinc and copper were found to have a tendency to be accumulated in the bed material but also to have a tendency to be released from the bed material into the combustion gases, if the combustion conditions were changed. The concentration of the trace metal in the combustion gases of the bubbling fluidised bed boiler was found to be a summary of trace metal fluxes from three main sources. They were (1) the trace metal flux from the burning fuel particle (2) the trace metal flux from the ash in the bed, and (3) the trace metal flux from the active alkali metal layer on the sand (and ash) particles in the bed. The amount of chlorine in the system, the combustion temperature, the fuel ash composition and the saturation state of the bed material in regard to trace metals were discovered to be key factors affecting therelease process. During the co-firing of waste fuels with variable amounts of e.g. ash and chlorine, it is extremely important to consider the possible ongoingaccumulation and/or release of the trace metals in the bed, when determining the flue gas trace metal emissions. If the state of the combustion process in regard to trace metals accumulation and/or release in the bed material is not known,it may happen that emissions from the bed material rather than the combustion of the fuel in question are measured and reported.

Competitor Information andCompetitive Knowledge Management in a Large Industrial Organization

Thisthesis supplements the systematic approach to competitive intelligence and competitor analysis by introducing an information-processing perspective on management of the competitive environment and competitors therein. The cognitive questions connected to the intelligence process and also the means that organizational actors use in sharing information are discussed. The ultimate aim has been to deepen knowledge of the different intraorganizational processes that are used in acorporate organization to manage and exploit the vast amount of competitor information that is received from the environment. Competitor information and competitive knowledge management is examined as a process, where organizational actorsidentify and perceive the competitive environment by using cognitive simplification, make interpretations resulting in learning and finally utilize competitor information and competitive knowledge in their work processes. The sharing of competitive information and competitive knowledge is facilitated by intraorganizational networks that evolve as a means of developing a shared, organizational level knowledge structure and ensuring that the right information is in the right place at the right time. This thesis approaches competitor information and competitive knowledge management both theoretically and empirically. Based on the conceptual framework developed by theoretical elaboration, further understanding of the studied phenomena is sought by an empirical study. The empirical research was carried out in a multinationally operating forest industry company. This thesis makes some preliminary suggestions of improving the competitive intelligence process. It is concluded that managing competitor information and competitive knowledge is not simply a question of managing information flow or improving sophistication of competitor analysis, but the crucial question to be solved is rather, how to improve the cognitive capabilities connected to identifying and making interpretations of the competitive environment and how to increase learning. It is claimed that competitive intelligence can not be treated like an organizational function or assigned solely to a specialized intelligence unit.

Permanent magnet synchronous motor for industrial inverter applications - analysis and design

During the latest few years the need for new motor types has grown, since both high efficiency and an accurate dynamic performance are demanded in industrial applications. For this reason, new effective control systems such as direct torque control (DTC) have been developed. Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are well suitable for new adjustable speed AC inverter drives, because their efficiency and power factor are not depending on the pole pair number and speed to the same extent as it is the case in induction motors. Therefore, an induction motor (IM) with a mechanical gearbox can often be replaced with a direct PM motor drive. Space as well as costs will be saved, because the efficiency increases and the cost of maintenance decreases as well. This thesis deals with design criterion, analytical calculation and analysis of the permanent magnet synchronous motor for both sinusoidal air-gap flux density and rectangular air-gapflux density. It is examined how the air-gap flux, flux densities, inductances and torque can be estimated analytically for salient pole and non-salient pole motors. It has been sought by means of analytical calculations for the ultimate construction for machines rotating at relative low 300 rpm to 600 rpm speeds, which are suitable speeds e.g. in Pulp&Paper industry. The calculations are verified by using Finite Element calculations and by measuring of prototype motor. The prototype motor is a 45 kW, 600 rpm PMSM with buried V-magnets, which is a very appropriate construction for high torque motors with a high performance. With the purposebuilt prototype machine it is possible not only to verify the analytical calculations but also to show whether the 600 rpm PMSM can replace the 1500 rpm IM with a gear. It can also be tested if the outer dimensions of the PMSM may be the same as for the IM and if the PMSM in this case can produce a 2.5 fold torque, in consequence of which it may be possible to achieve the same power. The thesis also considers the question how to design a permanent magnet synchronous motor for relatively low speed applications that require a high motor torqueand efficiency as well as bearable costs of permanent magnet materials. It is shown how a selection of different parameters affects the motor properties. Key words: Permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM, surface magnets, buried magnets

Unas reflexiones sobre localización industrial aplicadas a la industria catalana

El trabajo es una reflexión sobre las pautas de localización industrial,con una especial referencia a la industria de la economía catalana. En el estudio se realiza una revisión de los principales factores explicativos de la localización y aglomeración industrial defendidos por las teorías de la localización. Con estos argumentos de base, posteriormente el análisis se aplica a una división de catorce grandes sectores industriales catalanes. El objetivo es llegar a conclusiones acerca de si los sectores en los que la industria catalana muestra mayor grado de especialización son también aquellos que, a tenor de los principales factores que inciden en la localización industrial, tienen mayor riesgo de sufrir futuras deslocalizaciones.

Caracterización de las almazaras cooperativas catalanas, análisis interno de la fase industrial o de transformación

En el presente artículo hemos tratado de analizar las características de las almazaras cooperativas catalanas con la finalidad de destacar no solamente sus elementos más importantes de gestión sino también sus principales debilidades.Las cooperativas se consideran instrumentos útiles para acometer políticas de desarrollo económico y bienestar social. A pesar de ello hay un gran debate abierto acerca de la eficiencia de estas organizaciones, que plantean el interrogante de si están en condiciones de competir con éxito en una economía cada vez más abierta, liberalizada y global. A través de las encuestas que hemos realizado al conjunto de las cooperativas oleícolas de Catalunya, hemos podido averiguar sus características distintivas, así como las principales desventajas y problemas a los que se enfrentan. Creemos puede ser de interés analizar las características de estas organizaciones, que tanto desde el punto de vista organizativo como de recursos humanos, como financiero, las hace diferentes de otro tipo de organizaciones pero que sin embargo, han de hacer frente a un mercado cada día más exigente y competitivo.

Aproximación multicriterio a la estructura industrial de la economía española

El trabajo presenta una forma alternativa de analizar la estructura industrial de la economía española. En concreto, el estudio se interesa tanto por la vertiente de la estructura productiva sectorial, como por la vertiente de la especialización territorial. Mediante la técnica multicriterio se acceden a programas de optimización que, a partir de las variables que se consideran más relevantes (empleo, valor añadido y número de establecimientos) determina, por un lado, qué sectores son los más significativos dentro del tejido industrial de la economía española, y por otro lado, se llega a determinar qué Comunidades Autónomas son las que adquieren mayor peso relativo para cada uno de los sectores industriales.

Factores determinantes de la concentración industrial de la economía española

El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer cuáles son los factores que han influido en el modelo de concentración industrial de la economía española y analizar si son los que postulan las teorías más significativas del comercio. El análisis se realiza en dos momentos distintos del tiempo para evaluar si se han producido cambios significativos. A partir de los índices de concentración relativa y absoluta, calculados para los años 1995 y 2003, sobre 24 sectores de las 17 CCAA, se construyen dos modelos de regresión que son los que permiten el análisis del mapa industrial. Los resultados indican que la localización de la industria puede explicarse en gran medida por las variables sugeridas por las teorías del comercio y que entre ambos periodos no ha habido grandes cambios en los patrones de concentración. Asimismo, el factor que se revela como más determinante de la concentración relativa y absoluta de la industria española es el tamaño y acceso a los mercados.