Potenciais aves dispersoras de sementes das espécies vegetais zoocóricas da Mata da Bica, Botucatu - SP

The semidecidual forests, as tropical forests, presents zoochoric dispersal syndrome in the most of their plant species, with approximately one third of frugivorous species responsible for the seeds dispersal are birds. The bills width is a limiting factor, it must be equal or bigger than the seeds width, because the viable seeds dispersal depends on leaving the digestive system after been swallowed hole. Birds and plants inventorys were realized in a semidecidual Forest fragment, in Botucatu – SP, called Mata da Bica. After this, the birds consumers of fuits/seeds were selected (frugivorous, granivorous and onivorous) and also the zoochoric plants, both for building a possibilities matrix, to verify the potential seed dispersers according to the seeds and bills width. Going to the matrix end we can observe a decrease in the interaction possibillities, because the seeds width increases and the bills width decreases. It has been observed that 50,7% seeds could be dispersed by all listed birds, because the seeds were narrower than the narrowest bill. In the other way large seeded species, as Holocalix balansae and Hymemaea courbaril has shown only two possible dispersers: Trogon surrucura and Piaya cayana. There are no possible dispersers to Syagrus oleraceae in the matrix. The need for large birds or other animals that works as large seed disperses demand conservation efforts, since most of these animals need big and conserved areas for their life habits

Geologia do platô N6 - província mineral de Carajás (SP)

The N6 Plateau presents an iron-ore occurence in Carajás Mineral Province, standing near to actually operating deposits. Geological mapping in 1:10,000 scale and integration of geochemical, geophysical, petrography and drilling turns possible interpretation of his geological evolution. The mapped area has lithotypes from Archean Grão Pará Group, comprising very lowgrade metamorphic basic rocks and iron formation and an Proterozoic sedimentary association of conglomeratic sandstones called as Caninana Unity. The structural geology in given by a regional scale homoclinal, where the Grão Pará Group strata dips towards SW, as a part of the Northern Limb of the Carajás Fold. Subsequent deformation associated to the installation of the Carajás Shear Zone presents as E-W fold axis. Geochemical evidence permits to consider de Parauapebas Formation as the rocks which has been hydrothermally-altered to outsourcing fluids responsible to deposition of iron formations in the oceanic system, including different signatures which can be interpreted as possible sub-embayments in the Carajás Basin. The iron ore in the area occurs in subsurface as very fine friable hematite generated by supergenous enrichment of the iron formation. The conceived geologic model differs from the current academic proposal on the fact that hydrothermal alteration has been involved on the jaspelite enrichment. Metamorphism on the Parauapebas Formation presents paragenesis considered as ocean-floor metamorphism which precedes de deformation insofar as the rocks show no tectonic fabric referring to shallow crust evolution. Geophysical methods such as magnetometry and gravimetry presents excellent results for structural interpretation in uneven exposed terrain

Comportamento de forrageamento de Lochmias Nematura (Aves, Furnariidae)

O joão-porca (Lochmias nematura) é uma ave pertencente à família Furnariidae. Tem coloração predominantemente marrom, com pintas brancas em seu peito e ventre, sua cauda é preta e apresenta o supercílio branco. Habita a margem de córregos e riachos, evitando áreas com maior intensidade de luz. Seu canto é um trinado agudo e forte, que tende a suplantar o ruído gerado pela movimentação da água nesses ambientes. Seu nome popular é decorrente de seus hábitos alimentares: caça artrópodes na margem dos corpos d’água e em poças lamacentas e lodosas. Sua dieta e seu comportamento de caça são pouco conhecidos, o que impulsionou a realização deste estudo. Para tanto realizamos buscas ativas por indivíduos desta espécie ao longo de leitos na Serra do Japi, município de Jundiaí, no entorno da Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade e no Sítio Esperança, município de Rio Claro. Estes locais foram escolhidos devido à facilidade de detecção da espécie. Para tornar as anotações em campo mais rápidas foram utilizadas planilhas com os parâmetros a serem analisados. Os parâmetros analisados foram manobra de captura, manipulação, item alimentar, tamanho em relação ao bicho da ave, distância da margem ao local de captura, substrato de captura e as características principais do substrato e do corpo d’água. Somando-se a isso foram levantadas todas as fotografias postadas no site WikiAves (www.wikiaves.com.br) que mostrassem Lochmias nematura com presas em seu bico, obtendo-se uma dieta mais completa. Isto mostrou que a dieta da espécie é muito mais diversificada do que o previsto pela literatura aferido através da dissecção estomacal. Seus principais itens alimentares são aranhas, oligoquetos, decápodes, larvas de tricópteros, larvas de odonatos, coleópteros, formigas, girinos e até mesmo anuros adultos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Estudo das propriedades mecânicas do aço SAE 1312 modificado ao nióbio

The study of mechanical properties of high-alloy special steels is of great interest of the steel industry due to the great demand by companies that manufacture automotive components of high criticality, and also because of its high commercial value. However, the development of this type of alloy metals demand highly technical knowledge. Among these extremely important kinds of steel, the subject which is the interest of this study is the special steel modified by niobium. The manganese and niobium are the main alloying elements in the composition of these steels, both of them increase the stability of the austenite region, however, manganese increases the hardenability and tensile yield strength, and niobium increases the mechanical strength and promotes refining the grain. The mechanical characterization of steel SAE 1312 modified the niobium was made in order to gain a better understanding of the influence on the mechanical properties caused by aging at different temperatures and for different reductions in the drawing of gauge material. This characterization was made by means of tensile test and hardness. This material showed an increase in yield strength and hardness when gauge with large reductions during the wiredrawing, but when subjected to aging temperatures higher than 300 ° C had a slight loss of these properties

Determinação da temperatura para inativação da urease em amostras de casca e farelo de soja

s not degraded in the rumen but destroy ureasis. Soybean meal is one of the protein ingredients commonly used in formulations of animal feeds. In the diets of monogastric bran has high protein content provided by a greater separation of soybean hulls. For the ruminant protein value of the meal is lower with the inclusion of soybean hulls to reduce the level of protein. With the increased consumption of meal high protein, due to increases in production of pigs and poultry in recent years, increasing the availability of soybean hulls on the market, this is because soybean hulls is little understood in the feeding of monogastric . In this context, the main objective of this study was to determine the times and temperatures needed to ensure the effective inactivation of ureasis present in the bran and soybean hulls. According to the assessments, to make the determination of temperatures and times required for the inactivation of ureasis present in the bran and soybean hulls are 170 º C and 25 minutes for soybean meal and 140 ° C 10 minutes for soybean hulls, respectively

Caracterização estrutural da Liga Al-1% Si

The aim of this study is to characterize the macrostructure and microstructure of Al - 1%Si alloy obtained in sand and metallic molds. Aluminium has good mechanical properties, but adding silicon, even in small quantities, can change the microstructure and improves mechanical behavior. Workpieces were castings in metallic and sand molds and one can see a difference in their cooling curve, macroscopic and microscopic structures. The sand mold casting has lower cooling rate and so its grains are larger. Due to the lower concentration of grain boundary, the hardness is lower compared to that found in metallic molds, which has smaller grains and a higher hardness. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cooling rate and alloying elements affect the final microstructure of the workpiece

Physical-chemical characterization and wet milling yield of four maize hybrids

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo da influência do agente nucleante )ALTi5%B1%) na microestrutura de chapas AA8011 obtidas por lingotamento contínuo

The aluminum includes several properties with excellent relation between weight and mechanical resistance. With technological advances, increasingly demand the development of new alloys and other production processes in order to reduce the cost of production and insert these new alloys in broader applications. The process of continuous caster (TRC promoted the unite of the aluminum smelting process with the first stage of rolling, making it most economical through the merger these two phases besides transform the continuous casting process. The AA8xxx series is one of the most versatile aluminum alloys and the most often used in continuous caster process provided a great potential application in the market. In order to further, optimize the process it is necessary to increase awareness of the aluminum solidification phenomena associated with the addition of grain refiner, and control of some aluminum production parameters in the process (production rate, metal temperature, etc.). In this study, AA8011 alloy samples were taken in the raw state obtained by the continuous casting process. The samples were laminated to a thickness of 7mm during the process itself and analyzed at three points along its width by microstructural analysis throughout its thickness, the variation rate of addition of the grain refiner in order to assess the influence of this addition with crystallographic formation and some formation of intermetallic precipitates during the solidification. Through this work, it was possible to improve the knowledge related to the addition of refiner with the monitoring of these production processes

Avaliação de genótipos de cártamo quanto ao desempenho agronômico, divergência genética e produtividade da água

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Categorias e níveis de resistência de genótipos de milho crioulo a Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidóptera: Noctuidae)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Mobilização do solo na semeadura do milho: emissão de CO2 e desempenho de máquinas agrícolas

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Influência do desponte de panículas de sorgo sacarino sobre a qualidade da matéria-prima e produção de bioetanol

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Marandu grass management and supplementation on performance and methane mitigation of Nellore bulls

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Fontes de ácidos graxos insaturados na alimentação de vacas leiteiras no período seco

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Avaliação da utilização de subprodutos de Coffea arabica L. para fins cosméticos

Dentre as várias espécies de café, Coffea arabica L. destaca-se pela sua ampla importância comercial relacionada ao consumo da bebida e à produção de óleo. O grão de café possui grande quantidade de compostos fenólicos bioativos - destacando-se os com atividade antioxidante e fotoprotetora - e após a extração do óleo há sobra de grande quantidade de subprodutos, denominado torta. O objetivo desse trabalho é produzir um extrato a partir da torta de café selecionando o melhor solvente extrator, avaliando o teor de compostos fenólicos e o potencial antioxidante, para o emprego como ativo cosmético em formulações desenvolvidas, com análise in vitro para quantificação do Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS) dessas. Os extratos foram previamente produzidos por sonicação utilizando solventes de diferentes polaridades, e o extrato escolhido foi produzido em maior escala por maceração e realizado também extração exaustiva com o solvente escolhido (extrato etanólico 70%, v/v). Na determinação do teor de fenólicos totais foi utilizado o método com o reagente Folin-Ciocalteu. Foi avaliado também o rendimento (m/m) dos extratos e atividade antioxidante pelo método do radical DPPH. O extrato apresentou boa atividade antioxidante e alto teor de compostos fenólicos em comparação com outras plantas consideradas referências nessas propriedades. Para o preparo das formulações foram utilizados matérias primas aprovadas pela ANVISA, e as quantidades dos filtros solares químicos empregados para obtenção de Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS) teórico próximo de 30, utilizou-se como ferramenta o BASF - Sunscreen Simulator. As formulas desenvolvidas e preparadas foram analisadas com o equipamento Optometrics SPF 290S, capaz de fazer a determinação do FPS por análise in vitro. A preparação selecionada foi a que apresentou FPS adequado pela análise in vitro e sensorial mais leve, visto ...