Further reflections on Habermas's contribution to discourse in child protection: An examination of power in social life

Hayes and Houston's positive review of Habermas's contribution to discourse in family group conferences (in this journal) has been challenged by Garrett. In this paper, one of the authors replies to Garrett but extends the analysis through a more considered, developed and detailed examination of Habermas's thoughts on power in social life. This leads to a conceptual framework that enables the participants in the conference to exercise power in a positive manner. In developing this earlier analysis, the paper also acknowledges Garrett's argument that Bourdieu helps us to understand the nature of constraining social structures in child protection. However, Bourdieu's ideas are subsequently challenged on the grounds that they lack a competent formulation on human agency - a faculty that Habermas cogently elucidates. This enlarged understanding of agency, it is argued, offers a theoretical resource that fits better with the ethos of emancipatory social work.

A preliminary investigation into the use of testate amoebae for the discrimination of forensic soil samples

We present the results of an initial investigation into the efficacy of using testate amoebae for the discrimination of soils from wet ground and puddles, as little attention has been given to these organisms in forensic science. The preservation of testate amoebae in these sediments is generally good, although test concentrations are low. Statistical analysis suggests that restate amoebae assemblages are somewhat spatially distinct and have potential to be used for soil discrimination. A case study is presented where mineralogical (X-ray diffraction) and restate amoebae analyses are used in conjunction to clarify the scene of crime in a 'cold case' murder enquiry. Testate amoebae were recovered from dried sediment residues on clothing 10 years after the murder. Despite these promising results, further experimental work is crucial to examine the spatial and temporal variation of amoebae assemblages in water films, wet ground and puddles before they can be added to the armoury of methods available to the forensic biologist.

Forensic Geology in Environmental Crime: Illegal Waste Movement Burial in Northern Ireland

The illegal burial of waste often occurs in locations where loose, transferable material is abundant, allowing covert pits to be dug or filled. The transfer of waste material onto suspects and their vehicles during loading, unloading, and burial is common, as is the case during other criminal activities such as the burial of murder victims. We use two case studies to show that the established principles of using geological materials in excluding or linking suspects can be applied to illegal waste disposal. In the first case, the layering of different geological materials on the tailgate of a container used to transport toxic waste demonstrated where the vehicle had been and denied the owner's alibi, associating him with an illegal dumpsite. In the second case, an unusual suite of minerals, recovered from a suspect's trousers, provided the intelligence that led environmental law enforcement officers to an illegal waste burial site.

Evaluation of HER-2/neu oncogene status in breast tumors on tissue microarrays

The amplification and/or overexpression of the HER-2/neu oncogene and its encoded receptor protein are increasingly used for prognostication and prediction of therapeutic response to Herceptin in breast cancer. However, large-scale examination of archival tumor blocks by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is prohibitively laborious and technically challenging. The tissue microarray (TMA) technique enables hundreds of tumors to be studied simultaneously in a single experiment. To evaluate the HER-2/neu status of a selection of the breast tumors in our tumor bank, we constructed a TMA from 97 breast tumors, with a single 0.6-mm core per specimen. HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH was found in 20 of the 87 interpretable cases (23%): in 14 of 14 IHC 3+ cases (100%), 5 of 8 IHC 2+ cases (62.5%) and 1 of 65 IHC 0/1+ cases (1.5%). Three of the 67 cases with no evidence of HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH were moderately positive (2+) by IHC. A close relationship was observed between these 2 assays as applied to the TMA (95.4% concordance: 95% CI, - 2.2% to 6.8%; P