Florescimento e produção de sementes de cenoura (Daucus cavota L.) sob a influência do ácido giberélico

Foi conduzido um experimento no Campo Experimental da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", em Piracicaba, SP, com a finalidade de se avaliar a influência do ácido giberélico (GA3) na indução do florescimento e produção de sementes de cenoura (Daucus cavota L.) cultivar Denver, do grupo Nantes. Utilizou-se dos seguintes tratamentos: 0, 50, 100 e 150 ppm de ácido giberélico, e para cada dosagem, aplicações de 1, 3 e 6 vezes consecutivas, espaçadas de 7 dias, iniciando-se a primeira aplicação quando o sistema radicular principal apresentava aproximadamente 1 centímetro de diâmetro. Os resultados permitiram concluir que, o ácido giberélico mesmo em doses pequenas pode substituir o frio na indução floral e produção de sementes de cenoura; e que a melhor concentração de ácido giberélico para a produção de sementes de cenoura "Denver" foi a de 100 ppm. Concentrações maiores induziram a formação de plantas com crescimento vegetativo excessivo, embora houvesse florescimento.

Propagação do gladíolo (Gladiolus grandiflorus) andr. cv. Snow Princess: produção de material de propagação e flores pelos bulbos tipo jumbo e tipo 1

Bulbos de 2° ciclo, tipo jumbo, com 84 g/unidade e tipo 1, com 35 g/unidade, foram comparados. Verificou-se que: o tipo jumbo teve melhor rendimento de: peso de bulbos; número de bulbos; comprimento da haste floral; comprimento da espiga floral e hastes florais de melhor qualidade. Otipo 1 apresentou melhor rendimento para peso de bulbos plantados por peso de bulbos e cormilhos colhidos.

Acumulação de matéria seca e micronutrientes pela planta matriz da bananeira cv. prata (Musa AAB, subgrupo prata) em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento

Visando estabelecer a curva de crescimento da matéria seca, marcha de absorção, quantidade exportada e reciclada de boro, zinco e cobre, instalou-se um ensaio no Estado do Espírito Santo, em solo cambissólico distrófico com declividade média de 40%. Sorteou-se três plantas matrizes, bimensalmente até 300 dias e mensalmente até 465 dias após o plantio, que foram separadas em folha, pecíolo, pseudo-caule, rizoma, engaço, botão floral e fruto. Determinou-se a massa de matéria seca e o teor de micronutrientes destes órgãos, cujos dados foram ajustados em programa de regressão, obtendo-se as curvas de acumulação de matéria seca e de absorção dos micronutrientes. Dos resultados conclui-se que: a absorção do boro, zinco e cobre pelos órgãos estudados, acompanha a acumulação de matéria seca, exceto o cobre, no pecíolo; 70% dos micronutrientes analisados são absorvidos a partir de 240 dias após o plantio; ocorre uma razão de absorção de 5 Zn, 2,5 B, 1 Cu; podem ser exportados com a colheita cerca de 10% B, 5,5% Zn e 3% Cu.

Acúmulo de macronutrientes pela bananeira cv. prata em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento

Visando estabelecer a marcha de absorção, quantidade exportada e reciclada de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio e cálcio na bananeira cultivar Prata, instalou-se um ensaio no Estado do Espírito Santo, em janeiro de 1980, em terreno com declividade média de 40% e solo cambissólico distrófico. Sorteou-se três plantas matrizes do plantio até 465 dias após (colheita),sendo bimensal até 300 dias e mensal até o final, totalizando doze estádios de desenvolvimento, e três plantas rebento, mensalmente, da emissão até 300 dias após, atingindo nove estádios. Cada bananeira foi dividida em folha, pecíolo, pseudocaule, rizoma, engaço, botão floral e fruto para se analisar os macronutrientes. A partir dos dados coletados ajustou-se um programa de regressão e obteve-se as curvas de absorção de macronutrientes, cujos resultados permitiram concluir que, as plantas matriz e rebento: necessitam de expressivas quantidades de macronutrientes para desenvolver e produzir; apresentam uma absorção de macronutrientes que acompanha a matéria seca acumulada pelos órgãos, exceto para o potássio no período; absorvem mais de setenta e cinco por cento de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio após o estádio de 180 dias e acima de setenta por cento do cálcio e magnésio, a partir de 240 e 120 dias; podem repor ao solo grande parte dos macronutrientes absorvidos; apresentam uma razão de absorção de macronutrientes de 20 K:12 N:10 Mg: 9 Ca: 1 P e de 26,5:8 N:4,5 Mg: 4,5 Ca: 1 P. Conclui-se ainda que: deve-se considerar a quantidade de macronutrientes exportados com a colheita e consumo dos frutos, principalmente nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, em um programa de adubação; a planta rebento acumula mais macronutrientes do que a planta matriz.

Nível crítico de fósforo em cultivares de algodão I: crescimento em função dos níveis externos de fósforo

Com o intuito de se obter o nível crítico de P para os cultivares de ciclo anual, IAC-17, IAC-19, IAC-20 e CNPA 78/SME4 e para as de ciclo perene CNPA 2M e CNPA 3M foram conduzidos experimentos em casa de vegetação com solução nutritiva. As plantas foram cultivadas em cinco níveis de P; 0,38ppm, l,14ppm, 3,42ppm, 10,26ppm e 30,78ppm. As plantas foram coletadas aos 75 dias de idade após a semeadura, sendo medida a altura das plantas e determinado o peso de matéria seca para raiz, caule e folhas em todos os cultivares. Nos cultivares de ciclo anual houve produção de botão floral, flores e frutos imaturos que foram determinados os pesos de matéria seca. Os autores concluem: o nível externo de P que determina a produção máxima de matéria seca é de 19,2ppm e 21,9ppm para todos os cultivares.

Ecologia de Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) cearensis (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae) nas dunas litorâneas de Abaeté, Salvador, Bahia

The study was carried out in a 8.2 ha area in an environmental protection area of tropical sea coastal sand dune with "restinga" vegetation in Salvador, Bahia, northeastern Brazil. A total of 1760 bees of Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) cearensis Ducke, 1910 were netted during the whole year on flowers of 43 plant species belonging to 26 botanic families. The majority of the individuals (79%) concentrated their foraging activity in five plant species. Individuals foraged all day long being the greatest activity between 8 h and 14 h. Similar proportions of young and old bees were sampled over the year. The density of substrates used for nesting was 4.56/ha. In total, 94% of the nests were found in branches of Agaristha revoluta (Spr.) DC. (Ericaceae). The great occurrence (68.7%) of old perforations indicates that the nests were used twice or more times by bees.

Uma nova espécie de Youngomyia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) do Brasil

Uma nova espécie de Youngomyia Felt, 1908, inquilina de galhas em botão floral de Jacquemontia holosericea (Convolvulaceae), é descrita (larva, pupa, macho e fêmea) baseado em material do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

Influence of seasonal changes in daily activity and annual life cycle of Geotrigona mombuca (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in a Cerrado habitat, São Paulo, Brazil

The foraging activity of Geotrigona mombuca Smith, 1863 was studied under natural conditions aiming to verify the influence of seasonal changes on daily flight activity and annual cycle of the colony. Daily flight activity was monitored for a year based on the observation and counting of foragers leaving and entering the hive, as well as the kind of material transported and meteorological factors such as day time, temperature and relative humidity. The influence of seasonal changes was evidenced by alterations on daily rhythm of flight activity and by differences on transportation of food resources, building material and garbage. These data indicate that forager behavior is related to daily microclimate conditions and it is synchronized with the requirements of colony annual cycle, which determines an intense pollen collection in the summer. Thus, the recomposition of the intranidal population in spring and summer can be ensured, which is characterized both for a higher intensity of flight activity and increase in garbage and resin transport, as well as the swarming process in the spring. In this way, an action targeting the preservation or management of the species in a natural environment should consider that survival and reproduction of the colony depends greatly on the amount of available pollen in late winter.

Bromeliaceae do Herbário do Dr. Adolpho Lutz: Encholirium Lutzii L. B. Smith n. sp

Encholirium Lutzii is distinguished from the majority of species by its branched inflorescence. Only E. horridum L. B. Smith and rarely E. spectabile Martius exhibit this character, but have much larger flowers than E. Lutzii and stout floral axes. Also the wing of the seed in E. horridum is very long-caudate. We feel that it is particularly appropriate to dedicate this new species to Dr. Adolpho Lutz because of his great discoveries in the biological relationships of the Bromeliaceae.

Epidemiology of multiple congenital anomalies in Europe: a EUROCAT population-based registry study.

BACKGROUND: This study describes the prevalence, associated anomalies, and demographic characteristics of cases of multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) in 19 population-based European registries (EUROCAT) covering 959,446 births in 2004 and 2010. METHODS: EUROCAT implemented a computer algorithm for classification of congenital anomaly cases followed by manual review of potential MCA cases by geneticists. MCA cases are defined as cases with two or more major anomalies of different organ systems, excluding sequences, chromosomal and monogenic syndromes. RESULTS: The combination of an epidemiological and clinical approach for classification of cases has improved the quality and accuracy of the MCA data. Total prevalence of MCA cases was 15.8 per 10,000 births. Fetal deaths and termination of pregnancy were significantly more frequent in MCA cases compared with isolated cases (p < 0.001) and MCA cases were more frequently prenatally diagnosed (p < 0.001). Live born infants with MCA were more often born preterm (p < 0.01) and with birth weight < 2500 grams (p < 0.01). Respiratory and ear, face, and neck anomalies were the most likely to occur with other anomalies (34% and 32%) and congenital heart defects and limb anomalies were the least likely to occur with other anomalies (13%) (p < 0.01). However, due to their high prevalence, congenital heart defects were present in half of all MCA cases. Among males with MCA, the frequency of genital anomalies was significantly greater than the frequency of genital anomalies among females with MCA (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Although rare, MCA cases are an important public health issue, because of their severity. The EUROCAT database of MCA cases will allow future investigation on the epidemiology of these conditions and related clinical and diagnostic problems.

Stable isotope composition of smectite in suevites at the Ries crater, Germany: Implications for hydrous alteration of impactites

The 24-km diameter Ries crater, Germany, exhibits well-preserved crater filling and surficial melt-rich breccia deposits that are believed to have been altered by post-impact hydrothermal fluids. The alteration mineralogy of the crater filling breccias is characterized by clay (smectite, chlorite) and a zeolite assemblage, and secondary clay phases (smectite, minor halloysite) in surficial melt-bearing breccia deposits. Using stable isotope analysis of secondary smectitic clay fractions, evidence of significant hydrous alteration of impactites at large water/rock ratios was found. The estimated fluid temperatures, using data derived by delta(18)O and delta D fractionation, suggest smectite precipitation in surficial breccias in equilibrium with meteoric fluids at temperatures 16 +/- 5 degrees C in agreement with the long-term variation of modern precipitation in the area. The stable isotope composition of smectite in crater-fill breccia, however, suggests a trend of monotonously increasing temperatures from 43 to 112 degrees C. with increasing depth through the breccia sequence. This demonstrates a different origin of alteration and temperature distribution for the surficial and crater filling melt-bearing impact breccias in the Ries crater. Our results suggest that the inverted structure of hydrothermal systems observed in some terrestrial impact craters, including the Ries crater, could indicate the initial configuration of a thermal anomaly in the crater filling sequence, but which is replaced with a normal hydrothermal convection in crater proper, during the course of post-impact cooling. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Paper 2: EUROCAT public health indicators for congenital anomalies in Europe.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to present the specific public health indicators recently developed by EUROCAT that aim to summarize important aspects of the public health impact of congenital anomalies in a few quantitative measures. METHODS: The six indicators are: (1) congenital anomaly perinatal mortality, (2) congenital anomaly prenatal diagnosis prevalence, (3) congenital anomaly termination of pregnancy, (4) Down syndrome livebirth prevalence, (5) congenital anomaly pediatric surgery, and (6) neural tube defects (NTD) total prevalence. Data presented for this report pertained to all cases (livebirths, fetal deaths, or stillbirths after 20 weeks of gestation and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly [TOPFA]) of congenital anomaly from 27 full member registries of EUROCAT that could provide data for at least 3 years during the period 2004 to 2008. Prevalence of anomalies, prenatal diagnosis, TOPFA, pediatric surgery, and perinatal mortality were calculated per 1000 births. RESULTS: The overall perinatal mortality was approximately 1.0 per 1000 births for EUROCAT registries with almost half due to fetal and the other half due to first week deaths. There were wide variations in perinatal mortality across the registries with the highest rates observed in Dublin and Malta, registries in countries where TOPFA are illegal, and in Ukraine. The overall perinatal mortality across EUROCAT registries slightly decreased between 2004 and 2008 due to a decrease in first week deaths. The prevalence of TOPFA was fairly stable at about 4 per 1000 births. There were variations in livebirth prevalence of cases typically requiring surgery across the registries; however, for most registries this prevalence was between 3 and 5 per 1000 births. Prevalence of NTD decreased by about 10% from 1.05 in 2004 to 0.94 per 1000 in 2008. CONCLUSION: It is hoped that by publishing the data on EUROCAT indicators, the public health importance of congenital anomalies can be clearly summarized to policy makers, the need for accurate data from registries emphasized, the need for primary prevention and treatment services highlighted, and the impact of current services measured.

Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate by ultrasound: experience from 20 European registries. EUROSCAN study group.

Ultrasound scans in the mid-trimester of pregnancy are now a routine part of antenatal care in most European countries. Using data from registries of congenital anomalies a study was undertaken in Europe. The objective of the study was to evaluate prenatal detection of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P)) and cleft palate (CP). All CL(P) and CPs suspected prenatally and identified at birth in the period 1996-98 were registered from 20 Congenital Malformation Registers from the following European countries: Austria, Croatia, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, UK, Ukraine. These registries followed the same methodology. A total of 709,027 births were covered; 7758 cases with congenital malformations were registered. Included in the study were 751 cases reported with facial clefts: 553 CL(P) and 198 CP. The prenatal diagnosis by transabdominal ultrasound of CL(P) was made in 65/366 cases with an isolated malformation, in 32/62 cases with chromosomal anomaly, in 30/89 cases with multiple malformations and in 21/36 syndromic cases. The prenatal diagnosis of CP was made in 13/198 cases. One hundred pregnancies were terminated (13%); in 97 of these the cleft was associated with other malformations.

Evaluation of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal abdominal wall defects by 19 European registries.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the current effectiveness of routine prenatal ultrasound screening in detecting gastroschisis and omphalocele in Europe. DESIGN: Data were collected by 19 congenital malformation registries from 11 European countries. The registries used the same epidemiological methodology and registration system. The study period was 30 months (July 1st 1996-December 31st 1998) and the total number of monitored pregnancies was 690,123. RESULTS: The sensitivity of antenatal ultrasound examination in detecting omphalocele was 75% (103/137). The mean gestational age at the first detection of an anomaly was 18 +/- 6.0 gestational weeks. The overall prenatal detection rate for gastroschisis was 83% (88/106) and the mean gestational age at diagnosis was 20 +/- 7.0 gestational weeks. Detection rates varied between registries from 25 to 100% for omphalocele and from 18 to 100% for gastroschisis. Of the 137 cases of omphalocele less than half of the cases were live births (n = 56; 41%). A high number of cases resulted in fetal deaths (n = 30; 22%) and termination of pregnancy (n = 51; 37%). Of the 106 cases of gastroschisis there were 62 (59%) live births, 13 (12%) ended with intrauterine fetal death and 31 (29%) had the pregnancies terminated. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant regional variation in detection rates in Europe reflecting different policies, equipment and the operators' experience. A high proportion of abdominal wall defects is associated with concurrent malformations, syndromes or chromosomal abnormalities, stressing the need for the introduction of repeated detailed ultrasound examination as a standard procedure. There is still a relatively high rate of elective termination of pregnancies for both defects, even in isolated cases which generally have a good prognosis after surgical repair.

Adéu, Guau!

Treball de recerca realitzat per alumnes d'ensenyament secundari i guardonat amb un Premi CIRIT per fomentar l'esperit científic del Jovent l'any 2009. Aquest treball és una creació d’un projecte empresarial, per tal d’analitzar la viabilitat, examinar els objectius i descobrir els inconvenients de la creació d’una empresa. En aquest cas es tracta de crear un cementiri i vetlla d’animals de tot tipus, simulant el comiat que es realitza a les persones estimades, però destinat a les nostres mascotes, amb un servei de qualitat, serietat, responsabilitat i adequat als usuaris i clients. Es tracta d’una empresa que s’encarregarà de la recollida de l’animal, l’acondicionament per a la vetlla, la cerimònia de comiat, la impressió dels panegírics, l’obtenció d’objectes per recordar-ho, les decoracions florals o similars, la venta de plaquetes, tombes, gerros... segons el tipus de mètode seleccionat per a l’enterrament, així com la prestació d altres serveis addicionals que s’adaptin a les necessitats específiques dels usuaris/clients per tal de cobrir la demanda actual al sector. Es tracta d’una iniciativa destinada a les persones que necessiten desprendre s de les restes de les seves mascotes, després de la seva defunció, que volen oferir un comiat proper i afectuós a les seves mascotes.