A summary of recent studies on the Salamander, Ambystoma mabeei

Ambystoma mabeei, a small relatively uncommon salamander of the sub-genus Linguaelapsus, is limited in distribution to the coastal plain of North and South Carolina. First described in 1928, few specimens have been collected and details of its biology have remained essentially unknown. (PDF contains 3 pages)

The politics of participation: Evaluating stakeholder equity in co-management regimes

Within natural resource management, there is increasing criticism of the traditional model of top-down management as a method of governance, as researchers and managers alike have recognized that resources can frequently be better managed when stakeholders are directly involved in management. As a result, in recent years the concept of co-management of natural resources, in which management responsibilities are shared between the government and stakeholders, has become increasingly popular, both in the academic literature and in practice. However, while co-management has significant potential as a successful management tool, the issue of equity in co-management has rarely been addressed. It is necessary to understand the differential impacts on stakeholders of co-management processes and the degree to which diverse stakeholders are represented within co-management. Understanding the interests of various stakeholders can be a way to more effectively address the distributional and social impacts of coastal policies, which can in turn increase compliance with management measures and lead to more sustainable resource management regimes. This research seeks to take a closer look at the concepts of co-management and participation through a number of case studies of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Caribbean. (PDF contains 4 pages)

O mau humor na TPM: uma interpretação do feminino

Em O mau humor da TPM: uma interpretação do feminino propomos mostrar como são construídas algumas representações do feminino a partir da sua relação com a menstruação e discutir alguns significados culturais acerca dos transtornos de humor derivado de uma síndrome comumente conhecida como a tensão pré-menstrual. A partir de um recorte teórico do corpo e do olhar médico sobre este enquanto objetos das ciências sociais, isto é, como construções sociais, e tendo como orientação os estudos feministas, analisamos dois tipos de discursos circulantes acerca da menstruação, localizados nas camadas médias cariocas, no início do século XXI, que dizem representar ou dialogar com este corpo hormonal. Estes seguem duas direções diferentes: o primeiro discurso analisado é um livro de um médico, no formato de literatura de auto-ajuda, voltado para a discussão da inteligência hormonal; que pretende ser um modelo de subjetivação do feminino, baseado no olhar médico-científico. Este propõe um controle sobre o corpo, organizando o feminino a partir de idéias essencializadas as quais universalizam os corpos e tratam das descrições desse feminino como pré-determinadas por condições localizadas no corpo Natural. O segundo é um conjunto de entrevistas realizadas com bancárias, que registram o feminino subjetivado. Estes discursos sobre a vivência do feminino, apesar de também articularem descrições corporais enraizadas na biologia e nas ciências médicas, revelam ainda outros significados culturais representativos, destacando assim a importância dos estudos que privilegiam o agenciamento do sujeito na construção social de gênero, no caso desses femininos.

Life history of prawns: a review of recent studies with special reference to Indian species

The paper contains a brief review of the studies on the life histories of Indian species of prawns chiefly belonging to the family Penaeidae. References to similar work carried out outside India are furnished where significant variations have been observed. The three main larval stages viz., Nauplius, Protozoea and Zoea (Mysis) and their important characteristics, including modes of locomotion, are described. The post-larval development of one species that has been studied in detail (Metapenaeus dobsoni) is indicated in outline. Some aspects of the bionomics of these prawns, especially breeding and migration, are also briefly dealt with in view of their relevance in their life cycle. An outline of the life histories of some Palaemonid prawns of both fresh water and marine habitats is added at the end and the need for well- planned investigations in regard to species of such economic value as Palaemon carcinus (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is indicated.

A participatory study of the traditional knowledge of fishing communities in the Gulf of Mannar, India

This is the first in a series of case studies undertaken by the International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) to document the traditional knowledge of fishing communities dependent on marine and coastal resources in protected and conserved areas in different parts of the world. The study, done with the support of the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) project, documents the traditional knowledge of fishing communities in the Gulf of Mannar in the state of Tamil Nadu. It focuses on two fishing villages, Chinnapalam and Bharathi Nagar, whose communities have traditionally depended on Krusadai and Appa Islands for their livelihood. Traditional knowledge relating to oceanographic, meteorological, biological, ecological and navigational aspects of fisheries was documented. The study will be useful for researchers, students, scientists, policymakers, fishworker organizations, NGOs and anyone interested in the traditional knowledge of local fishing communities related to marine biodiversity and the customary use of fisheries resources and fishing practices.

Analysis of case histories on deep excavations in marine clay

Two case histories on deep excavation of marine clay are used to study the use of a decision-making tool based on a new deign method called the Mobilized Strength Design (MSD) method which allows the designer to use a simple method of predicting ground displacements during deep excavation. This application can approximately satisfy both safety and serviceability requirements by predicting stresses and displacements under working conditions by introducing the concept of "Mobilizable soil strength". The new method accommodates a number of features which are important to design of underground construction between retaining walls, including different deformation mechanism in different stages of excavation. The influence of wall depth, wall flexibility and stratified ground are the major focus of this paper. These developments should make it possible for a design engineer to take informed decisions on the influence of wall stiffness, or on the need for a jet-grouted base slab, for example, without having to conduct project-specific Finite Element Analysis.