Efeito dos andrógenos na estabilização da preferência manual em machos adultos de sagui comum (Callithrix jacchus)

The role of steroids hormones on the behavior of vertebrates have been described as organizational and activational effects. These actions occur in different periods of the ontogenetic development as fetal, early post natal and during puberty (organizational effect) or modifying the expression of behavioral patterns during time life (activational effects). Studies on brain lateralization in hand use in human and non-human primates have shown that sexual hormones seems to participate in the process of handedness strength that begins in the puberal period and is stabilized at the adult age. The aim of this study was to investigate in adult male Callithrix jacchus if the strength of use of the hand in common marmoset adult male is stable (organizational effect) or androgens variations could affect its stability (activational effect). The preferential use of one hand in 14 common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus was studied in two contexts: (1) spontaneous holding food and directing the food to mouth (feeding episodes), and (2) forced reaching food tests where the animal have to reach the food through a hole within a cover plate with a central hole that allow the use of one hand only to reach the food. The records were made during 5 sessions/20 bouts each during baseline totalizing 100 episodes before two treatments. Firstly it was used GnRH antagonist: a single subcutaneous injection of 100µg de Cetrotide – acetate of cetrorrelix (Baxter Oncology GmbH, Germany) (n=10). Secondly, a single GnRH injection of 0.2mg of GnRH (Sigma – Aldrich) (n= 8) was used. After injections 20 successful attempts of hand use episodes was recorded in the 1st , 2 nd, 7th, 15th and 30 th days, totalizing in the whole period 100 episodes for each context, after both treatments. Fecal sampling to measure extracted fecal androgens was performed in all days of data collection across the length of the basal and during the experimental periods. Statistical analysis by mixed model, Tukey test to compare mean values after the two treatments, and Levene test to compare mean variance were used, all for p-value < 0.05. In basal phase 6 animals used preferentially the right hand, 5 the left and 3 were ambidextrous. Mean handedness index in basal phase were different from that after both treatment starting at 7th day. Mean variance of handedness index for spontaneous and forced activities does not differs before and after both treatments but the mean values for GnRH index were higher than that observed for its antagonist. These findings suggested that androgens have an activational effect on handedness in adult male C. jacchus

Efeito do ácido ascórbico sobre a espermatogênese de camundongos com distrofia muscular de Duchenne

The objective was to evaluate spermatogenesis alterations caused by DMD and the effect of the treatment using ascorbic acid in preventing those injuries. Twenty four mice were used, 12 from the C57BL/10 lineage (non-dystrophic) and 12 from the C57BL/10Mdx (dystrophic). The sample was divided in six groups containing 4 animals each, as: C30 = 30 days control; D30 = Dystrophic with 30 days; C60 = 60 days control; D60 = Distrophic with 60 days; CS60 = 60 days control supplemented with ascorbic acid and DS60 = Dystrophic with 60 days supplemented with ascorbic acid. The ascorbic acid supplementation was given in the water, 0,005 mg/day. After euthanasia, the testicles (right and left) were collected, weighted and cross sectioned. The material was fixed in the Karnovsky solution for 24 hours, included in resin for histological studies (morphological and morphometric analyzes) submitted to ultrastructural analysis and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3. There was a significant increase in the tunica propria percentage in D30 compared to C30 and D60. The ultrastructural analysis showed mitochondrial apoptosis evidence of Sertoli cells that can reduce sperm efficiency in CS60 and DS60. A higher volume density of apoptotic cells postivas to Caspase-3 in C30 and D30 versus DS60 compared to CS60. There was severe hypertrophy of the Leydig cells between D30 and D60. However, with supplementation was observed reversal of this change in DS60. The ultrastructure of Leydig cells to early presence of lipid vesicles was observed in the group pre-pubertal dystrophic (D30). Thus, the DMD affect the organization of the seminiferous tubules and intertubule, however, the ascorbic acid supplementation used for the treatment of DMD has been just enough to reduce the hypertrophy of the Leydig cells.

Efeito anti-inflamatório e antioxidante do extrato hidroalcóolico de Turnera subulata na colite ulcerativa induzida por ácido acético em ratos

Inflammatory bowel diseases is composed by a set of chronic and inflammatory disorders, among them is ulcerative colitis (UC). UC treatment is based on anti-inflammatory administration; however, this group of drugs clearly leads to development of undesirable side effects, what stimulate the search for new therapies alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcholic Turnera subulata extract on acetic acid-induced acute UC in rats. UC was induced by 1 mL injection of 4% acetic acid via rectal in Wistar mouse. 42 animals were distributed among 6 experimental groups: Control, UC, Sulfasalazine 500 mg/Kg/day (SSZ), T. subulata 50mg/Kg/day (TS 50), T. subulata 100mg/Kg/day (TS 100), T. subulata 200mg/Kg/day (TS 200). Throughout the experiment, body weight, food and water ingestion was daily evaluated. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and a colon fragment was observed by macroscopic analysis. Colon fragments were also collected for microscopic analysis and oxidative stress evaluation. The means from each group was compared by ANOVA test with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) using GraphPad Prism Software. As results, we can clearly observe that SSZ group had the greater body weight decrease among the groups throughout the experiments, 14.78%, as well as, the lowest food intake, 6.23 g of food/day. The animals treated with T. subulata extracts showed no important body weight loss when compared to control. UC group showed the highest tissue damage macroscope score, 6.5, while TS 50 showed the lowest tissue damage score: 1. Microscope evaluation showed the presence of edema, haemorraghia and ulceration in all group of animals, except for Control. Nevertheless, TS 50 showed the lowest inflammatory damage among all groups. Oxidative stress analysis revealed that T. subulata treatment modulate catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, we also observed a decrease in protein and lipid peroxidation in response to extract administration. Taken together, these results shows that T. subulata extract exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects on experimental UC.

Efeito anti-inflamatório e antioxidante do extrato hidroalcóolico de Turnera subulata na colite ulcerativa induzida por ácido acético em ratos

Inflammatory bowel diseases is composed by a set of chronic and inflammatory disorders, among them is ulcerative colitis (UC). UC treatment is based on anti-inflammatory administration; however, this group of drugs clearly leads to development of undesirable side effects, what stimulate the search for new therapies alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcholic Turnera subulata extract on acetic acid-induced acute UC in rats. UC was induced by 1 mL injection of 4% acetic acid via rectal in Wistar mouse. 42 animals were distributed among 6 experimental groups: Control, UC, Sulfasalazine 500 mg/Kg/day (SSZ), T. subulata 50mg/Kg/day (TS 50), T. subulata 100mg/Kg/day (TS 100), T. subulata 200mg/Kg/day (TS 200). Throughout the experiment, body weight, food and water ingestion was daily evaluated. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and a colon fragment was observed by macroscopic analysis. Colon fragments were also collected for microscopic analysis and oxidative stress evaluation. The means from each group was compared by ANOVA test with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) using GraphPad Prism Software. As results, we can clearly observe that SSZ group had the greater body weight decrease among the groups throughout the experiments, 14.78%, as well as, the lowest food intake, 6.23 g of food/day. The animals treated with T. subulata extracts showed no important body weight loss when compared to control. UC group showed the highest tissue damage macroscope score, 6.5, while TS 50 showed the lowest tissue damage score: 1. Microscope evaluation showed the presence of edema, haemorraghia and ulceration in all group of animals, except for Control. Nevertheless, TS 50 showed the lowest inflammatory damage among all groups. Oxidative stress analysis revealed that T. subulata treatment modulate catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, we also observed a decrease in protein and lipid peroxidation in response to extract administration. Taken together, these results shows that T. subulata extract exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects on experimental UC.

Efeito do exercício físico na estabilidade de membrana de eritrócitos

CHAPTER II - This study evaluated the effects of two different types of acute aerobic exercise on the osmotic stability of human erythrocyte membrane and on different hematological and biochemical variables that are associated with this membrane property. The study population consisted of 20 healthy and active men. Participants performed single sessions of two types of exercise. The first session consisted of 60 min of moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE). The second session, executed a week later, consisted of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) until exhaustion. The osmotic stability of the erythrocyte membrane was represented by the inverse of the salt concentration (1/H50) at the midpoint of the sigmoidal curve of dependence between the absorbance of hemoglobin and the NaCl concentration. The values of 1/H50 changed from 2.29 ± 0.1 to 2.33 ± 0.09 after MICE and from 2.30 ± 0.08 to 2.23 ± 0.12 after HIIE. In MICE has occurred an increase in the mean corpuscular volume, probably due to in vivo lysis of older erythrocytes, with preservation of cells that were larger and more resistant to in vitro lysis. The study showed that a single bout of acute exercise affected the erythrocyte osmotic stability, which increased after MICE and decreased after HIIE.

Treinamento de natação protege do desequilíbrio em ratos expostos à vincristina

A Vincristina (VCR) é um quimioterápico amplamente utilizado na clínica. Entre os efeitos colaterais descritos, devido a sua toxicidade, estao às alteraçoes do equilíbrio e na coordenaçao motora. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do exercício aeróbico prévio (6 semanas de nataçao, 1h/dia, 5 dias/semana, sobrecarga de 5 do peso corporal) em aspectos comportamentais de ratos Wistar tratados com o quimioterápico Vincristina. A administraçao da Vincristina foi realizada com dose única semanal de 0,5mg/kg, durante duas semanas, com dose acumulada de 1mg/kg, via intraperitoneal. Um dia e 7 dias depois de cada dose os ratos foram avaliados com testes de equilíbrio (Rotarod), de exploraçao (Campo Aberto) e de força muscular (Grip-Test). Observou-se uma diminuiçao significativa do equilíbrio corporal e do comportamento exploratório nos ratos expostos à vincristina com proteçao significativa do exercício físico. Nao houve diminuiçao significativa da força muscular nos ratos tratados com VCR, porém o exercício por si só aumentou a força muscular e a distancia percorrida pelos ratos que fizeram nataçao. Portanto, o exercício físico mostrou-se protetor contra a perda de equilíbrio e diminuiçao da exploraçao observada nos ratos expostos ao quimioterápico

Treinamento físico com realidade virtual : Efeito no equilíbrio de idosa

A importância do exercício físico já esta bem documentada na literatura, já que sao claras as evidências de seus benefícios em relaçao à melhora da qualidade de vida, prevençao de doenças crônicas melhora nas capacidades físicas gerando autonomia e independência para os indivíduos de todas as faixas etárias. Para o indivíduo idoso o equilíbrio tem suma importância, pois quando está em déficit, pode ser um dos fatores que faz com que ocorram as quedas. E importante que medidas de intervençao sejam tomadas para minimizar o risco de quedas em idosos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de três semanas de treinamento físico com o uso do Nintendo Wii Fit sobre o equilíbrio estático de uma idosa com labirintite e hipertensao. Os resultados apontaram que embora pequena, houve uma melhora no equilíbrio estático. Conclui-se que uma sessao de treinamento físico com o uso da realidade virtual realizada duas vezes por semana, por um período de três semanas é eficiente para gerar melhora no equilíbrio estático de uma idosa

Treinamento de natação protege do desequilíbrio em ratos expostos à vincristina

A Vincristina (VCR) é um quimioterápico amplamente utilizado na clínica. Entre os efeitos colaterais descritos, devido a sua toxicidade, estao às alteraçoes do equilíbrio e na coordenaçao motora. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do exercício aeróbico prévio (6 semanas de nataçao, 1h/dia, 5 dias/semana, sobrecarga de 5 do peso corporal) em aspectos comportamentais de ratos Wistar tratados com o quimioterápico Vincristina. A administraçao da Vincristina foi realizada com dose única semanal de 0,5mg/kg, durante duas semanas, com dose acumulada de 1mg/kg, via intraperitoneal. Um dia e 7 dias depois de cada dose os ratos foram avaliados com testes de equilíbrio (Rotarod), de exploraçao (Campo Aberto) e de força muscular (Grip-Test). Observou-se uma diminuiçao significativa do equilíbrio corporal e do comportamento exploratório nos ratos expostos à vincristina com proteçao significativa do exercício físico. Nao houve diminuiçao significativa da força muscular nos ratos tratados com VCR, porém o exercício por si só aumentou a força muscular e a distancia percorrida pelos ratos que fizeram nataçao. Portanto, o exercício físico mostrou-se protetor contra a perda de equilíbrio e diminuiçao da exploraçao observada nos ratos expostos ao quimioterápico

Treinamento físico com realidade virtual : Efeito no equilíbrio de idosa

A importância do exercício físico já esta bem documentada na literatura, já que sao claras as evidências de seus benefícios em relaçao à melhora da qualidade de vida, prevençao de doenças crônicas melhora nas capacidades físicas gerando autonomia e independência para os indivíduos de todas as faixas etárias. Para o indivíduo idoso o equilíbrio tem suma importância, pois quando está em déficit, pode ser um dos fatores que faz com que ocorram as quedas. E importante que medidas de intervençao sejam tomadas para minimizar o risco de quedas em idosos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de três semanas de treinamento físico com o uso do Nintendo Wii Fit sobre o equilíbrio estático de uma idosa com labirintite e hipertensao. Os resultados apontaram que embora pequena, houve uma melhora no equilíbrio estático. Conclui-se que uma sessao de treinamento físico com o uso da realidade virtual realizada duas vezes por semana, por um período de três semanas é eficiente para gerar melhora no equilíbrio estático de uma idosa

Treinamento de natação protege do desequilíbrio em ratos expostos à vincristina

A Vincristina (VCR) é um quimioterápico amplamente utilizado na clínica. Entre os efeitos colaterais descritos, devido a sua toxicidade, estao às alteraçoes do equilíbrio e na coordenaçao motora. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do exercício aeróbico prévio (6 semanas de nataçao, 1h/dia, 5 dias/semana, sobrecarga de 5 do peso corporal) em aspectos comportamentais de ratos Wistar tratados com o quimioterápico Vincristina. A administraçao da Vincristina foi realizada com dose única semanal de 0,5mg/kg, durante duas semanas, com dose acumulada de 1mg/kg, via intraperitoneal. Um dia e 7 dias depois de cada dose os ratos foram avaliados com testes de equilíbrio (Rotarod), de exploraçao (Campo Aberto) e de força muscular (Grip-Test). Observou-se uma diminuiçao significativa do equilíbrio corporal e do comportamento exploratório nos ratos expostos à vincristina com proteçao significativa do exercício físico. Nao houve diminuiçao significativa da força muscular nos ratos tratados com VCR, porém o exercício por si só aumentou a força muscular e a distancia percorrida pelos ratos que fizeram nataçao. Portanto, o exercício físico mostrou-se protetor contra a perda de equilíbrio e diminuiçao da exploraçao observada nos ratos expostos ao quimioterápico

Treinamento físico com realidade virtual : Efeito no equilíbrio de idosa

A importância do exercício físico já esta bem documentada na literatura, já que sao claras as evidências de seus benefícios em relaçao à melhora da qualidade de vida, prevençao de doenças crônicas melhora nas capacidades físicas gerando autonomia e independência para os indivíduos de todas as faixas etárias. Para o indivíduo idoso o equilíbrio tem suma importância, pois quando está em déficit, pode ser um dos fatores que faz com que ocorram as quedas. E importante que medidas de intervençao sejam tomadas para minimizar o risco de quedas em idosos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de três semanas de treinamento físico com o uso do Nintendo Wii Fit sobre o equilíbrio estático de uma idosa com labirintite e hipertensao. Os resultados apontaram que embora pequena, houve uma melhora no equilíbrio estático. Conclui-se que uma sessao de treinamento físico com o uso da realidade virtual realizada duas vezes por semana, por um período de três semanas é eficiente para gerar melhora no equilíbrio estático de uma idosa

Avaliação histomorfométrica do efeito do ultrasom pulsado nas falhas ósseas provocadas em fêmures de rato: estudo experimental

SILVA, J. S. P. Avaliação histomorfométrica do efeito do ultrasom pulsado nas falhas ósseas provocadas em fêmures de rato: estudo experimental . 2000. 85 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, 2000.

Avaliação histomorfométrica do efeito do ultrasom pulsado nas falhas ósseas provocadas em fêmures de rato: estudo experimental

SILVA, J. S. P. Avaliação histomorfométrica do efeito do ultrasom pulsado nas falhas ósseas provocadas em fêmures de rato: estudo experimental . 2000. 85 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, 2000.

Efeito de agentes de controle sobre a qualidade reprodutiva de rainhas de Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) africanizadas

The agriculture with the use of products with less environmental impact is expanding. In it, the producers offer their products without the use of synthetic chemical inputs, solving the phytosanitary problems with the use of biological or alternative control agents such as parasites, predators, entomopathogenic, alternative products, plant extracts and essential oils. These products can be considered safe to non-target organisms, but studies are needed to find these features on natural enemies and on the beneficial insects such as bees, common frequenter of cultures. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the effects of control over reproductive quality queens of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Africanized. For this, it tested the action of control products on the production of A. mellifera queens, using the commercial entomopathogenic fungus Boveril® 1,0x108 (Beauveria bassiana) and aqueous extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum) at a concentration of 5% sterile distilled water with Tween (0.01%) and sterile distilled water (controls). The treatments were incorporated into a tissue type gauze, wrapped in an acrylic plate and packed inside minirrecrias type colonies for the production of queens on the day before the transfer of larvae. The next day were introduced battens with 30 domes with larvae to produce queens, so the workers have contacted the agent tested. From the emergence of all the queens, they were monitored to determine the measures of body weight (mg), length and width of wing and abdomen, length, width and height of the chest (mm) as well as the time of emergence of queens. The next step was evaluated the influence of the control agents in production creates, performing measurements of creating areas in cm2 for six straight weeks. It was found that the area creates Queens did not differ among the treatments. Histological analysis of hipofaringeanas of workers glands that came into contact with the control agents and the midgut of virgin queens were also held. Histological analysis differences were observed in the tissues when the treatments were compared with the respective controls.

Efeito da adição de óleo essencial de Origanum vulgar e Ocimum gratissimum L. no perfil lipídico da gordura de palma usada em fritura de batata tipo chips

The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant effect of essential oregano and alfavaca oil on the fatty acid profile of palm oil, used in industrial potato chips processing, aiming to reduce the oxidative state of palm oil. Essential oregano oil was obtained from industrial residues and commercial essential oregano oil was also acquired. The antioxidant activity of Oregano’s essential oil was taken by DPPH method. The DPPH analysis of the essential oil of oregano residue resulted in an IC50 of 797.04 mg.mL-1 and the essential oil of commercial oregano was 424.25 mg.mL-1. Regarding the content of total phenols, the essential oil of commercial oregano showed 0.167 ± 0.058 ug EAG.g-1. Based on these results, concentrations of 50, 100 e 150ug.g-1 of commercial oregano essential oil was added to palm oil and the fatty acid profile was determined by gas cromatography. Analysis were done with palm oil without being used in frying processes and without added essential oil, as well as with the different essential oil concentrations submitted at three frying processes at one single day. In the second part of the project, the effect of oreganos’s comercial essential oil compared to alfavacão essential oil, at the concentration of 100ug.g-1 in palm oil, and submitted to three frying processes during eleven cycles, was studied. The lipid profile was similar to that described in the literature, which an increase in the number of frying times caused a polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease and, therefore, a proportional increase in saturated fatty acids. It was noted an increase in the amounts of total saturated fatty acids from 43.36% (control) to 43.60% (palm oil with essential oil after 11 frying cycles at the concentration of 100ug.g-1). This fact proves that during the frying process, there is an increase in the rate of formation of saturated fatty acids. However, the addition of oregano essential oil did not provide significant change in the fatty acids of palm oil used in frying process of potato chips. The addition of oregano essential oil in a concentration of 100 ug./mL-1 until the third frying cycle showed a reduction effect of trans fatty acid formation. Although, during 11 frying cycles it was not noticed the essential oil effect under trans fatty acid formation. It can be suggested that this factor may be correlated to the frying time, which may not have been sufficient for significant formation of saturated and trans compounds.