Las exportaciones en el nuevo escenario internacional: el caso de América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Magnesium deficiency results in an increased formation of osteoclasts

Magnesium (Mg2+) deficiency is a frequently occurring disorder that leads to loss of bone mass, abnormal bone growth and skeletal weakness. It is not clear whether Mg2+ deficiency affects the formation and/or activity of osteoclasts. We evaluated the effect of Mg2+ restriction on these parameters. Bone marrow cells from long bone and jaw of mice were seeded on plastic and on bone in medium containing different concentrations of Mg2+ (0.8 mM which is 100% of the normal value, 0.4, 0.08 and 0 mM). The effect of Mg2+ deficiency was evaluated on osteoclast precursors for their viability after 3 days and proliferation rate after 3 and 6 days, as was mRNA expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes and Mg2+-related genes. After 6 days of incubation, the number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRACP+) multinucleated cells was determined, and the TRACP activity of the medium was measured. Osteoclastic activity was assessed at 8 days by resorption pit analysis. Mg2+ deficiency resulted in increased numbers of osteoclast-like cells, a phenomenon found for both types of marrow. Mg2+ deficiency had no effect on cell viability and proliferation. Increased osteoclastogenesis due to Mg2+ deficiency was reflected in higher expression of osteoclast-related genes. However, resorption per osteoclast and TRACP activity were lower in the absence of Mg2+. In conclusion, Mg2+ deficiency augmented osteoclastogenesis but appeared to inhibit the activity of these cells. Together, our in vitro data suggest that altered osteoclast numbers and activity may contribute to the skeletal phenotype as seen in Mg2+ deficient patients. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Los nuevos sitios Web de la División de Estadística de las Naciones Unidas

Documento de referencia, n. 31

Modelo macroeconómico de Venezuela

Incluye Bibliografía

Export growth in the world environment: the case of Latin America

Includes bibliography

Algunas tendencias de la economía mundial y su incidencia sobre el comercio internacional

Incluye Bibliografía

Exportaciones en el nuevo escenario internacional: el caso Latinoamericano

Incluye Bibliografía

Fecundidad fuera de la unión en el Paraguay

Desde 1998 hasta 2008, la tasa global de fecundidad (TGF) en el Paraguay cayó de 4,3 a 2,5 nacimientos por mujer. A su vez, una significativa parte de la TGF corresponde a hijos nacidos fuera de la unión o el matrimonio. En este trabajo se consideran los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud Sexual y Reproductiva 2008 (ENDSSR 2008) para estimar la TGF usando el modelo de Bongaarts, y se analiza la capacidad del modelo para predecir sobre la base de la revisión de Stover, que incluye la actividad sexual fuera de la unión o el matrimonio. Finalmente, se utiliza una regresión logística para explorar factores que promueven los nacimientos previos a la primera unión en el Paraguay. Los resultados muestran que la edad, la región de residencia, la religión y el poder adquisitivo se asocian a la probabilidad de que se produzcan nacimientos previos a la unión. Asimismo, se necesitan análisis más detallados para determinar exactamente qué supuestos y qué ecuaciones del modelo de Bongaarts no se ajustan al caso del Paraguay, y también para entender cuáles son los mecanismos subyacentes al comportamiento individual.

La brecha entre la fecundidad deseada y la observada en Montevideo y su Área Metropolitana

El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir al conocimiento de la discrepancia entre la fecundidad deseada y la fecundidad real, así como de los factores asociados, a partir de los datos de una encuesta realizada entre 2007 y 2008 a 1.229 mujeres residentes en Montevideo y su Área Metropolitana. El análisis combina estadísticas descriptivas y estimaciones econométricas de ecuaciones reducidas, cuya variable dependiente es la diferencia entre la fecundidad deseada y la observada y cuyas variables explicativas incluyen características individuales y de los hogares.

Análise da relação entre manufatura enxuta e desempenho operacional de empresas do setor automotivo no Brasil

Arguments that lean manufacturing can positively relate with the operational performance of companies have been spreading the literature since the 1990s. However, there is a theoretical and empirical gap on this issue that needs further empirical evidence to validate or refute these arguments to the Brazilian reality. Hence, this research aims to, empirically, verify if the lean manufacturing positively influences the performance of the operations of companies in the Brazilian automotive industry, focusing on the segment of automotive parts and components. Methodologically, we carried out a survey of 75 companies in the mentioned sector. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling, a second-generation multivariate analysis. The main results of this research are: in fact, lean manufacturing positively affects the operational performance of the studied companies, validating the main hypothesis stated in this article, but this relation is just considered weak, although positive; all lean manufacturing practices analyzed were encountered in the reality, especially for the variable continuous improvement, with the highest average and the correlation between the adoption of Kanban and Just in Time; the operational performance construct has some practices/measures identified by the literature, which have not been validated by the studied sector, as innovation (new products) and quality.

Novel Phialophora species from leaf-cutting ants (tribe Attini)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desenvolvimento de equações para estimativa do VO2PICO pelo teste de 9 minutos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

M-CSF Priming of Osteoclast Precursors Can Cause Osteoclastogenesis-Insensitivity, Which Can be Prevented and Overcome on Bone

Osteoclasts and macrophages share progenitors that must receive decisive lineage signals driving them into their respective differentiation routes. Macrophage colony stimulation factor M-CSF is a common factor; bone is likely the stimulus for osteoclast differentiation. To elucidate the effect of both, shared mouse bone marrow precursor myeloid blast was pre-cultured with M-CSF on plastic and on bone. M-CSF priming prior to stimulation with M-CSF and osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL resulted in a complete loss of osteoclastogenic potential without bone. Such M-CSF primed cells expressed the receptor RANK, but lacked the crucial osteoclastogenic transcription factor NFATc1. This coincided with a steeply decreased expression of osteoclast genes TRACP and DC-STAMP, but an increased expression of the macrophage markers F4/80 and CD11b. Compellingly, M-CSF priming on bone accelerated the osteoclastogenic potential: M-CSF primed cells that had received only one day M-CSF and RANKL and were grown on bone already expressed an array of genes that are associated with osteoclast differentiation and these cells differentiated into osteoclasts within 2 days. Osteoclastogenesis-insensitive precursors grown in the absence of bone regained their osteoclastogenic potential when transferred to bone. This implies that adhesion to bone dictates the fate of osteoclast precursors. Common macrophage-osteoclast precursors may become insensitive to differentiate into osteoclasts and regain osteoclastogenesis when bound to bone or when in the vicinity of bone. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 210-225, 2014. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Multimessenger search for sources of gravitational waves and high-energy neutrinos: Initial results for LIGO-Virgo and IceCube

We report the results of a multimessenger search for coincident signals from the LIGO and Virgo gravitational-wave observatories and the partially completed IceCube high-energy neutrino detector, including periods of joint operation between 2007-2010. These include parts of the 2005-2007 run and the 2009-2010 run for LIGO-Virgo, and IceCube's observation periods with 22, 59 and 79 strings. We find no significant coincident events, and use the search results to derive upper limits on the rate of joint sources for a range of source emission parameters. For the optimistic assumption of gravitational-wave emission energy of 10(-2) M(circle dot)c(2) at similar to 150 Hz with similar to 60 ms duration, and high-energy neutrino emission of 1051 erg comparable to the isotropic gamma-ray energy of gamma-ray bursts, we limit the source rate below 1.6 x 10(-2) Mpc(-3) yr(-1). We also examine how combining information from gravitational waves and neutrinos will aid discovery in the advanced gravitational-wave detector era.

A Family of Stationary Solutions to the Euler Equations and Generalized Solutions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)