Eco-eficiencia: la propuesta empresarial para el desarrollo sostenible

Quiero en primer lugar agradecer la amable invitación del ICESI y Ascolfa a participar en la décima reunión de la Asociación de Facultades de Administración. El tema central de este encuentro,la "Eco-administración", tiene una relación directa con la preocupación central y el objeto de trabajo del Cecodes: facilitar a los empresarios y a las organizqciones colombianas la incorporación del desarrollo sostenible, es decir, la visión de largo plazo y la integración de elementos sociales y ambientales en las decisiones de sus negocios.

Factors that drive Female Entrepreneurship in Armenia

Entrepreneurs play a key role in any economy. Entrepreneurship includes creativity, innovation, risk taking, planning and management and is described as transferring ideas into action. Female entrepreneurship, in particular, is considered an important tool in enabling female empowerment and emancipation. In the light of recent world events, this has become a crucial area to study and understand, especially with respect to motivations, obstacles, constraints and consequences of female entrepreneurship. Having the previous framework in attention, this thesis focuses on female entrepreneurship in a developing country - Armenia – and proposes a conceptual framework of the phenomenon. A joint cooperation between the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development allowed to conduct an enterprise survey in the country and from that survey a microeconomic dataset was released and applied in this research study. A logistic regression econometric method is applied to the dataset to identify and measure the relationship between female entrepreneurship and several factors such as the location, size, legal status, market and obstacles faced by Armenian firms. The study concludes that women entrepreneurs in Armenia share many common features and obstacles with their male counterparts. Moreover, gender of the top managers, the firm’s location, size, main market type, the number of competitors and full-time employees, the adoption of new marketing methods, the access to land, the tax administration system and an inadequately educated workforce are found to be statistical significant factors in the explanation of female entrepreneurship in Armenia.

Effects of Drive Speed Modulation on Dynamics of Slender Rotating Structures

Slender rotating structures are used in many mechanical systems. These structures can suffer from undesired vibrations that can affect the components and safety of a system. Furthermore, since some these structures can operate in a harsh environment, installation and operation of sensors that are needed for closed-loop and collocated control schemes may not be feasible. Hence, the need for an open-loop non-collocated scheme for control of the dynamics of these structures. In this work, the effects of drive speed modulation on the dynamics of slender rotating structures are studied. Slender rotating structures are a type of mechanical rotating structures, whose length to diameter ratio is large. For these structures, the torsion mode natural frequencies can be low. In particular, for isotropic structures, the first few torsion mode frequencies can be of the same order as the first few bending mode frequencies. These situations can be conducive for energy transfer amongst bending and torsion modes. Scenarios with torsional vibrations experienced by rotating structures with continuous rotor-stator contact occur in many rotating mechanical systems. Drill strings used in the oil and gas industry are an example of rotating structures whose torsional vibrations can be deleterious to the components of the drilling system. As a novel approach to mitigate undesired vibrations, the effects of adding a sinusoidal excitation to the rotation speed of a drill string are studied. A portion of the drill string located within a borewell is considered and this rotating structure has been modeled as an extended Jeffcott rotor and a sinusoidal excitation has been added to the drive speed of the rotor. After constructing a three-degree-of-freedom model to capture lateral and torsional motions, the equations of motions are reduced to a single differential equation governing torsional vibrations during continuous stator contact. An approximate solution has been obtained by making use of the Method of Direct Partition of Motions with the governing torsional equation of motion. The results showed that for a rotor undergoing forward or backward whirling, the addition of sinusoidal excitation to the drive speed can cause an increase in the equivalent torsional stiffness, smooth the discontinuous friction force at contact, and reduce the regions of negative slope in the friction coefficient variation with respect to speed. Experiments with a scaled drill string apparatus have also been conducted and the experimental results show good agreement with the numerical results obtained from the developed models. These findings suggest that the extended Jeffcott rotordynamics model can be useful for studies of rotor dynamics in situations with continuous rotor-stator contact. Furthermore, the results obtained suggest that the drive speed modulation scheme can have value for attenuating drill-string vibrations.

Eco habitar Odivelas

Dissertação de Mestrado para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.

Diseño de un programa de comunicación de marketing integral, para generar demanda de los servicios eco-agroturístico ofertados por el hostal y restaurante lempa mar, ubicado en comunidad la pita, municipio de Tecoluca, departamento de San Vicente.

El Grupo Bajo Lempa, fue creado después de la firma de los acuerdos de paz, gracias a la cooperación de CORDES (Asociación para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Comunal de El Salvador), el grupo está conformado por 50 comunidades en la costa del Océano Pacífico entre los departamentos de La Paz y San Vicente. Precisamente en éste último está ubicado el municipio de Tecoluca, ahí se encuentra ubicada la comunidad La Pita, comunidad que antes de los acuerdo de paz sus historias no eran más que de tristeza y mucho sacrificio. La Asociación Lempa Mar, surge del Grupo Bajo Lempa, con la iniciativa de aprovechar el potencial turístico de la zona; pero es hasta el año 2001, que comienzan a gestionarse proyectos para la construcción de cabañas que servirían de alojamiento y la búsqueda de un lugar que serviría para la construcción de un restaurante, esto dió paso al surgimiento del Hostal y Restaurante Lempa Mar. En la actualidad el Hostal y Restaurante Lempa Mar, recibe unos 200 visitantes por mes a los cuales se le ofrecen servicios de alojamiento y alimentación, así como actividades relacionadas con el eco-agroturismo. Sin embargo a pesar del trabajo realizado en estos años no se ha concretado un plan encaminado, a la captación de nuevos visitantes, por lo que la demanda de los servicios que se ofrecen es muy irregular, por esta razón se ha propuesto un Programa de Comunicación de Marketing Integral, para generar demanda de los servicios que allí se ofrecen. Para realizar la investigación se utilizó el método científico específicamente el método descriptivo, ya que su propósito es describir situaciones y variables para explicar cómo se manifiesta el fenómeno de interés. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron encuestas, entrevistas así como también la observación directa, una vez recolectada la información se procedió al análisis de los datos, obteniendo así las fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas a las cuales se enfrenta el Hostal. A través del diagnóstico realizado se determinaron las causas que provocan la falta de demanda, tales como la falta de un adecuado plan de promoción, la explotación inadecuada de los recursos naturales de la zona; otro aspecto es la falta de utilización de publicidad no pagada. En función de los resultados de la investigación se diseñó un Programa de Comunicación de Marketing integral, que propone el desarrollo de estrategias creativas a corto plazo, que conlleven a lograr un posicionamiento y una ventaja diferencial. Finalmente se establece la forma de implementación, evaluación y control del programa.

Reabilitação eco-sustentável do património dos faróis

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.

Viver em espaços pequenos, pré-fabricados e eco-sustentáveis

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura com Especialização em Arquitectura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.

Successional dynamics in inland dune shrub communities drive changes in functional diversity

Communities can be defined as assemblages of species coexisting under particular environments. The relationship between environment and species are regulated by both environmental requirements –which ultimately determine the species capacity to establish and survive in a particular environment– and the ecological interactions occurring during assembly processes –which also determine community composition by conditioning species coexistence. In this context, plant functional traits are attributes that represent ecological strategies and determine how plants respond to environmental factors and interact with other species. Therefore, the analysis of how traits vary through the dynamics of communities, such as along successions, can give insights about how environmental requirements and species interactions may determine the composition and functional structure of these communities. The xerophytic shrub communities inhabiting inland sand dunes in SW Portugal are characterized by successional processes that are mainly driven by local (edaphic gradients and human disturbance) and regional (climate) processes. Therefore, they constitute an appropriate system for studying species interactions and environmentcommunity co-variations based on functional terms. Using these communities as a model, we evaluate the hypothesis that successional community changes in species composition of xerophytic shrub communities can result in concurrent changes in functional diversity

Parque agroindustrial eco-cota

Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias del Hábitat. Programa de Arquitectura

Molecularidad eco-agrícola en pro del desarrollo comunitario

Bogotá (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias del Hábitat. Programa de Arquitectura

Export and import market-specific characteristics. How they drive the decision to trade and how much

Using a rich firm-level dataset on the Italian manufacturing industry, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the role that firms and market characteristics play in shaping firms’ trade activities. We enhance the previous analyses by considering firms’ engagement in international transactions, by focusing on either exports or imports. We show that the determinants of a firm’s export participation and value across countries also drive import behavior. Our research is consistent with the presence of country-specific sunk costs and with a qualitatively similar role of gravity forces and other country attributes on both sides of trading activities. Our evidence, however, militates in favor of a framework where variations in market characteristics have a larger impact on imports than exports.

El eco de otra Alina. Intertextualidades en «Lejana» de Julio Cortazar

Se aborda el asunto de la intertextualidad y las voces de otras literaturas, desde Las mil y una noches hasta «La Cenicienta» en el cuento «Lejana» de Julio Cortázar.

Objetivo fundamental de la universidad sostenible; educar al eco-ciudadano

Resumen No se puede hablar de desarrollo sostenible, si por desarrollo se entiende el modelo actualmente imperante en la sociedad de consumo del siglo  XXI. Para que sea sostenible se necesita situar esta sostenibilidad en un modelo ecológico de desarrollo humano. ¿En qué consiste este último tipo de desarrollo?¿En qué cosmovisión se soporta? Es la primera pregunta que se pretende contestar en el presente artículo. Para ello nos fijamos en siete puntos: quiénes son los autores que han contribuido al nacimiento del nuevo pensamiento; por qué es necesaria otra metanarrativa; qué cosmovisiones se han sucedido en la historia; cuál es la finalidad de la cosmovisión ecológica y de la moderna; principios fundamentales de ambas cosmologías; cuáles son las raíces físicas y astrofísicas de la cosmovisión ecológica y de la mecanicista o clásica; y qué consecuencias filosóficas se derivan de esos referentes.

Design Optimization of Modern Machine-drive Systems for Maximum Fault Tolerant and Optimal Operation

Modern electric machine drives, particularly three phase permanent magnet machine drive systems represent an indispensable part of high power density products. Such products include; hybrid electric vehicles, large propulsion systems, and automation products. Reliability and cost of these products are directly related to the reliability and cost of these systems. The compatibility of the electric machine and its drive system for optimal cost and operation has been a large challenge in industrial applications. The main objective of this dissertation is to find a design and control scheme for the best compromise between the reliability and optimality of the electric machine-drive system. The effort presented here is motivated by the need to find new techniques to connect the design and control of electric machines and drive systems. A highly accurate and computationally efficient modeling process was developed to monitor the magnetic, thermal, and electrical aspects of the electric machine in its operational environments. The modeling process was also utilized in the design process in form finite element based optimization process. It was also used in hardware in the loop finite element based optimization process. The modeling process was later employed in the design of a very accurate and highly efficient physics-based customized observers that are required for the fault diagnosis as well the sensorless rotor position estimation. Two test setups with different ratings and topologies were numerically and experimentally tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. The modeling process was also employed in the real-time demagnetization control of the machine. Various real-time scenarios were successfully verified. It was shown that this process gives the potential to optimally redefine the assumptions in sizing the permanent magnets of the machine and DC bus voltage of the drive for the worst operating conditions. The mathematical development and stability criteria of the physics-based modeling of the machine, design optimization, and the physics-based fault diagnosis and the physics-based sensorless technique are described in detail. To investigate the performance of the developed design test-bed, software and hardware setups were constructed first. Several topologies of the permanent magnet machine were optimized inside the optimization test-bed. To investigate the performance of the developed sensorless control, a test-bed including a 0.25 (kW) surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine example was created. The verification of the proposed technique in a range from medium to very low speed, effectively show the intelligent design capability of the proposed system. Additionally, to investigate the performance of the developed fault diagnosis system, a test-bed including a 0.8 (kW) surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine example with trapezoidal back electromotive force was created. The results verify the use of the proposed technique under dynamic eccentricity, DC bus voltage variations, and harmonic loading condition make the system an ideal case for propulsion systems.

Autarcie radicale et autarcie dérivée chez Proclus : le problème de l’autarcie de l’âme par illumination

Louis-André Dorion, dans un article publié en 2006 « Platon, Proclus et l’autarcie du monde », affirme que le concept d’autarcie dérivée de Proclus est un non-sens. Nous montrerons dans cet article que, loin d’être aporétique, le concept d’autarcie dérivée est tout à fait cohérent avec le système philosophique de Proclus. Pour défendre notre thèse, nous nous intéresserons spécifiquement à l’autarcie de l’âme, à travers le phénomène d’illumination suivant le processus de purification de l’âme séparable chez Proclus, rendant compte du caractère autoconstitutif de l’âme. Ainsi, nous comprendrons en quoi l’ontologie proclusienne permet de saisir les hypostases (Un, intellect et âme), non pas dans un rapport de causalité unilatérale hiérarchique, mais plutôt selon une dialectique de procession centrifuge et de conversion centripète. Finalement, il nous sera possible d’exposer que l’idée de dérivation ne contredit pas l’essence de l’autarcie, mais en est plutôt sa propre condition de possibilité.