Education pamphlets

A collection of miscellaneous pamphlets.

Education pamphlets

A collection of miscellaneous pamphlets.

Methods to Control for Bias in Observational Studies

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Industry Education: The Merger Continues

In the discussion - Industry Education: The Merger Continues - by Rob Heiman Assistant Professor Hospitality Food Service Management at Kent State University, the author originally declares, “Integrating the process of an on-going catering and banquet function with that of selected behavioral academic objectives leads to an effective, practical course of instruction in catering and banquet management. Through an illustrated model, this article highlights such a merger while addressing a variety of related problems and concerns to the discipline of hospitality food service management education.” The article stresses the importance of blending the theoretical; curriculum based learning process with that of a hands-on approach, in essence combining an in-reality working program, with academics, to develop a well rounded hospitality student. “How many programs are enjoying the luxury of excessive demand for students from industry [?],” the author asks in proxy for, and to highlight the immense need for qualified personnel in the hospitality industry. As the author describes it, “An ideal education program concerns itself with the integration of theory and simulation with hands-on experience to teach the cognitive as well as the technical skills required to achieve the pre-determined hospitality education objectives.” In food service one way to achieve this integrated learning curve is to have the students prepare foods and then consume them. Heiman suggests this will quickly illustrate to students the rights and wrongs of food preparation. Another way is to have students integrating the academic program with feeding the university population. Your author offers more illustrations on similar principles. Heiman takes special care in characterizing the banquet and catering portions of the food service industry, and he offers empirical data to support the descriptions. It is in these areas, banquet and catering, that Heiman says special attention is needed to produce qualified students to those fields. This is the real focus of the discussion, and it is in this venue that the remainder of the article is devoted. “Based on the perception that quality education is aided by implementing project assignments through the course of study in food service education, a model description can be implemented for a course in Catering and Banquet Management and Operations. This project model first considers the prioritized objectives of education and industry and then illustrates the successful merging of resources for mutual benefits,” Heiman sketches. The model referred to above is also the one aforementioned in the thesis statement at the beginning of the article. This model is divided into six major components; Heiman lists and details them. “The model has been tested through two semesters involving 29 students,” says Heiman. “Reaction by all participants has been extremely positive. Recent graduates of this type of program have received a sound theoretical framework and demonstrated their creative interpretation of this theory in practical application,” Heiman says in summation.

Do modelo geométrico ao modelo físico: o tridimensional na educação do arquiteto e urbanista

In the teaching practice of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, educational legislation views modeling laboratories and workshops as an indispensable component of the infrastructure required for the good functioning of any architectural course of study. Although the development of information technology at the international level has created new possibilities for digital production of architectural models, research in this field being underway since the early 1990s, it is only from 2007 onwards that such technologies started to be incorporated into the teaching activity of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, through the pioneering experience at LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. It is therefore a recent experiment whose challenges can be highlighted through the following examples: (i) The implementation of digital prototyping laboratories in undergraduate courses of architecture and urbanism is still rare in Brazil; (ii) As a new developing field with few references and application to undergraduate programs, it is hard to define methodological procedures suitable for the pedagogical curricula already implemented or which have already been consolidated over the years; (iii) The new digital ways for producing tridimensional models are marked with specificities which make it difficult to fit them within the existing structures of model laboratories and workshops. Considering the above, the present thesis discusses the tridimensional model as a tool which may contribute to the development of students skills in perceiving, understanding and representing tridimensional space. Analysis is made of the relation between different forms of models and the teaching of architectural project, with emphasis on the design process. Starting from the conceptualization of the word model as it is used in architecture and urbanism, an attempt is made to identify types of tridimensional models used in the process of project conception, both through the traditional, manual way of model construction as well as through the digital ones. There is also an explanation on how new technologies for digital production of models through prototyping are being introduced in undergraduate academic programs of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, as well as a review of recent academic publications in this area. Based on the paradigm of reflective practice in teaching as designed by Schön (2000), the experiment applied in the research was undertaken in the integrated workshop courses of architectural project in the undergraduate program of architecture and urbanism at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Along the experiment, physical modeling, geometric modeling and digital prototyping are used in distinct moments of the design process with the purpose of observing the suitability of each model to the project s phases. The procedures used in the experiments are very close to the Action Research methodology in which the main purpose is the production of theoretical knowledge by improving the practice. The process was repeated during three consecutive semesters and reflection on the results which were achieved in each cycle helped enhancing the next one. As a result, a methodological procedure is proposed which consists of the definition of the Tridimensional Model as the integrating element for the contents studied in a specific academic period or semester. The teaching of Architectural Project as it is developed along the fifth academic period of the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate program of UFRN is taken as a reference

Qualitätssicherung für nachhaltige Strukturen in der ICT-basierten Lehreraus- und -fortbildung

Das Institut für Ökonomische Bildung (IÖB) an der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg ist u.a. mit der wissenschaftlichen Durchführung des Projekts „Ökonomische Bildung online“ befasst, mit dem die Entwicklung eines vollständigen internetbasierten Studiengangs, differenzierter Fort- und Weiterbildungsprofile für Lehrkräfte an allgemein bildenden Schulen und die Vorbereitung des Exports des Studiengangs nach Russland erreicht werden soll. Ein vertraglich fixiertes Hauptaugenmerk bei der Entwicklung dieser Angebote liegt auf der Nachhaltigkeit, d.h. nach Ablauf der Projektförderdauer (7/2001–12/2004) sollen sich die Produkte auf dem wachsenden Bildungsmarkt selbst refinanzieren. Wie versucht werden soll die Nachhaltigkeit zu erreichen, ist Gegenstand dieses Artikels. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei Maßnahmen der Qualitätssicherung, die m.E. aber nicht bei der Betrachtung der Produkte an sich, d.h. der Inhalte und Kurse selbst beschränkt bleiben kann, sondern auch die Ausrichtung an der Marktsituation, die Bedürfnisse der Zielgruppen, die Kooperationsbeziehungen, die Finanzierung und die Technik ins Blickfeld nehmen muss. (DIPF/Orig.)

Das verflixte (?) siebte Jahr – Sieben Jahre Virtuelle Universität

Im Wintersemester 1996 wurde am Lehrgebiet Praktische Informatik I mit einigen wenigen Kursen und ebenso wenig Studierenden die Virtuelle Universität (VU) der FernUniversität in Hagen gestartet. Heute arbeiten mehr als 25.000 Nutzer aktiv mit dieser Plattform und können aus über 300 Kursen aller Fachbereiche ihr individuelles Studienprofil auswählen. Die Virtuelle Universität (VU) hat allerdings nicht nur enorme Veränderungen von Lehren und Lernen bewirkt, auch die Organisation als Ganzes erfährt inzwischen durch die VU einen Strukturwandel. Viele Publikationen beschäftigen sich mit den technologischen, didaktischen und auch juristischen Aspekten des Wandels; aber kaum jemand beschreibt die kompletten Auswirkungen durch den Einsatz eines solchen Systems und doch wird genau danach sehr häufig gefragt. Nicht nur Studierende, auch Lehrende, Verwaltungsangestellte und Techniker werden vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Im folgenden Papier werden die Erfahrungen aus dem Projekt Virtuelle Universität der FernUniversität in Hagen zusammengefasst. Am Beispiel des Projektes soll gezeigt werden, wie ein Initiativprojekt eine ganze Organisation in seinen Bann zog und vielfältige Veränderungen in allen Bereichen bewirkt hat. (DIPF/Orig.)

(De-)Thematisierung von Geschlecht. Rekonstruktionen bei Studierenden der Erziehungs- und Bildungswissenschaften

Wie wird Geschlecht von Studierenden der Erziehungs- und Bildungswissenschaften rezipiert? Wie stehen die Studierenden zu Geschlechterfragen? Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, dass das Interesse an Geschlechterfragen zum Teil als individuelle, zudem etwas anachronistische Neigung erscheint, rekonstruiert diese empirische Studie u.a., welchen Einfluss das Studium des spezifischen Fachgebietes auf die Studierenden hat. Zudem wird deutlich, dass die studentische (De-)Thematisierung von Geschlecht auch maßgeblich von rhetorischen Modernisierungsprozessen und gesellschaftlichen Verdeckungszusammenhängen beeinflusst wird. (DIPF/Verlag)

Relatório Final da Prática Educativa Supervisionada

O presente relatório de estágio foi elaborado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Integração Curricular: Prática Educativa e Relatório de Estágio, que se integra no plano de estudos do Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, o mesmo tem um caráter reflexivo e descreve as experiências desenvolvidas pela mestranda. Ao longo do presente documento será possível conhecer o percurso trilhado pela professora estagiária guiado pelos pressupostos teóricos, legais e didáticos que permitiram desenvolver uma aprendizagem bastante consolidada acerca do ensino e da aprendizagem. A investigação-ação inspirou os momentos de prática educativa supervisionada, pautada por momentos de observação, ação e reflexão pós-ação, o que permitiu melhorar as práticas de forma a proporcionar aos alunos aprendizagens significativas. Todo o percurso foi marcado por um processo de supervisão que permitiu desenvolver uma atitude crítica e reflexiva que se mostrou fulcral para o desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal da professora estagiária. A caminhada da mestranda não seria possível sem o apoio do par pedagógico, orientadores cooperantes e supervisores institucionais, visto que todos partilharam saberes, incertezas e pensamentos, enriquecendo o processo de aprendizagem. Este é o momento de encerramento de uma fase na vida da mestranda, a mesma está ciente de que este será o início de um longo percurso de aprendizagem, sabendo que o ciclo que se encerra permitiu comprovar as inspirações que sempre moveram a mestranda desde o primeiro momento em que iniciou este mestrado.

Do modelo geométrico ao modelo físico: o tridimensional na educação do arquiteto e urbanista

In the teaching practice of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, educational legislation views modeling laboratories and workshops as an indispensable component of the infrastructure required for the good functioning of any architectural course of study. Although the development of information technology at the international level has created new possibilities for digital production of architectural models, research in this field being underway since the early 1990s, it is only from 2007 onwards that such technologies started to be incorporated into the teaching activity of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, through the pioneering experience at LAPAC/FEC/UNICAMP. It is therefore a recent experiment whose challenges can be highlighted through the following examples: (i) The implementation of digital prototyping laboratories in undergraduate courses of architecture and urbanism is still rare in Brazil; (ii) As a new developing field with few references and application to undergraduate programs, it is hard to define methodological procedures suitable for the pedagogical curricula already implemented or which have already been consolidated over the years; (iii) The new digital ways for producing tridimensional models are marked with specificities which make it difficult to fit them within the existing structures of model laboratories and workshops. Considering the above, the present thesis discusses the tridimensional model as a tool which may contribute to the development of students skills in perceiving, understanding and representing tridimensional space. Analysis is made of the relation between different forms of models and the teaching of architectural project, with emphasis on the design process. Starting from the conceptualization of the word model as it is used in architecture and urbanism, an attempt is made to identify types of tridimensional models used in the process of project conception, both through the traditional, manual way of model construction as well as through the digital ones. There is also an explanation on how new technologies for digital production of models through prototyping are being introduced in undergraduate academic programs of architecture and urbanism in Brazil, as well as a review of recent academic publications in this area. Based on the paradigm of reflective practice in teaching as designed by Schön (2000), the experiment applied in the research was undertaken in the integrated workshop courses of architectural project in the undergraduate program of architecture and urbanism at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Along the experiment, physical modeling, geometric modeling and digital prototyping are used in distinct moments of the design process with the purpose of observing the suitability of each model to the project s phases. The procedures used in the experiments are very close to the Action Research methodology in which the main purpose is the production of theoretical knowledge by improving the practice. The process was repeated during three consecutive semesters and reflection on the results which were achieved in each cycle helped enhancing the next one. As a result, a methodological procedure is proposed which consists of the definition of the Tridimensional Model as the integrating element for the contents studied in a specific academic period or semester. The teaching of Architectural Project as it is developed along the fifth academic period of the Architecture and Urbanism undergraduate program of UFRN is taken as a reference

Th1/Th2 Cytokine Profile and Its Diagnostic Value in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

Background: The levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine can alter in pathogenic infection in children with pneumonia. Objectives: To evaluate Th1/Th2 cytokine profile and its diagnostic value in M. pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Patients and Methods: Children with M. pneumoniae mono-infection and 30 healthy children were tested with cytokines assay. We used real time PCR to detect M. pneumoniae in children with pneumonia. Results: M. pneumoniae test was positive in 2188 (16.62%) out of 13161 pneumonia children. Children aged 5 - 9 years had the highest rate and summer was a season with high rate of M. pneumoniae incidence in Zhejiang province. During the course of study, in 526 pneumonia children with M. pneumoniae mono-infection and 30 healthy children cytokines assay was performed. IL-2 level of M. pneumoniae pneumonia children was lower than that of healthy children (median levels, pg/mL: IL-2: 3.2 vs. 5.7, P = 0.00), while IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ were higher than in healthy children (median levels, pg/mL: IL-4: 3.2 vs. 1.5, P = 0.00; IL-10: 5.6 vs. 2.5, P = 0.001; IFN-γ: 20.4 vs. 4.8, P = 0.001). Conclusions: IL-2 decreases and IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ increase in children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia, which has a promising prospect in diagnosis of this disease in clinical practice.

Prévoir la Réussite des Étudiants en Techniques d’inhalothérapie et d’anesthésie

Abstract: Respiratory therapists must be able to care for their patients safely, efficiently and competently. They manage critically ill patients on life support systems. As a member of the anesthesia team they are responsible for the vulnerable patient undergoing surgery. Within all areas of the hospital they are called upon to make decisions and judgements concerning patient treatment. The environment that is found in the modern clinical setting is often stressful and demanding. The respiratory and anesthesia technology program has the responsibility of preparing competent practioners who graduate not only with a broad knowledge base but with the affective competencies that are required to meet these challenges. Faculty and clinical instructors in the program of Respiratory and Anesthesia Technology have been troubled by rising attrition rates and weak performance of students. It is apparent that this is not a problem unique to Vanier College. The rationale for this study was multi-fold; to establish a definition of student success, to determine whether pre-admission academic abilities can predict success in the program and whether scores on a professional behavioural aptitudes tool can predict success in the clinical year of the program. Predictors were sought that could be used either in the pre-program admission policies or during the course of study in order to ensure success throughout the program and beyond. A qualitative analysis involving clinical instructors and faculty (n=5) was carried out to explore what success signified for a student in the respiratory and anesthesia program. While this process revealed that a student who obtained a grade above 77.5% was considered “successful”, the concept surrounding success was a much more complex issue. Affective as well as cognitive and psychomotor abilities complete the model of the successful student. Appropriate behaviour and certain character traits in a respiratory therapy student are considered to be significant elements leading to success. Assessment of students in their clinical year of the respiratory & anesthesia technology program currently include little measurement of abilities in the affective domain, and the resulting grade becomes primarily a measure of academic and procedural skills. A quantitative study of preadmission records and final program grades was obtained from a single cohort of respiratory and anesthesia technology students who began the program in 2005 and graduated in 2008 (n=16). Data was collected and a descriptive analysis (analysis of variance, Pearson correlation) was used to determine the relationship between preadmission grades and success. The lack of association between the high school grades and grades in the program ran contrary to some of the findings in the literature and it can be cautiously inferred that preadmission grades do not predict success in the program. To ascertain the predictive significance of evaluating professional behavioural skills and success in clinical internship, a behaviour assessment tool was used by clinical instructors and faculty to score each student during a rotation in their third year of the program which was clinical internship. The results of this analysis showed that a moderately strong association could be made between a high score on the behavior assessment tool and final clinical grades. Therefore this tool may be effective in predicting success in the clinical year of the program. Refining the admissions process to meet the challenge and responsibility of turning out graduates who are capable of meeting the needs of the profession is difficult but essential. The capacity to predict which students possess the affective competencies necessary to cope and succeed in their clinical year is conceivably more important than their academic abilities. Although these preliminary findings contribute, to some degree, to the literature that exists concerning methods of predicting success in a respiratory and anesthesia technology program, much data is still unknown. Further quantitative and qualitative research is required using a broader population base to substantiate the findings of this small study.||Résumé: Les inhalothérapeutes doivent être capables de prodiguer des soins à leurs patients d’une manière sécuritaire, efficace et compétente. Ils/elles peuvent être appelé(e)s à gérer les soins aux personnes gravement malades branchées à un respirateur artificiel. En tant que membres de l’équipe d’anesthésie, ils/elles sont responsables des patients qui subissent une chirurgie. Ils/elles sont sollicité(e)s par tous les secteurs de l’hôpital pour décider ou juger des traitements à apporter aux malades. L’environnement dans lequel ils/elles travaillent est souvent stressant et exigeant. Le programme de Techniques d’inhalothérapie et d’anesthésie vise à former des inhalothérapeutes compétent(e)s qui possèdent non seulement les connaissances propres à la discipline mais également les aptitudes affectives nécessaires pour faire face à ces défis. Les enseignant(e)s et instructeur(e)s cliniques en Techniques d’inhalothérapie et d’anesthésie sont préoccupé(e)s par le taux d’abandon croissant et la faible performance des étudiant(e)s dans le programme. Il semble que ce problème ne soit pas unique au Collège Vanier. Le but de cette recherche est multiple : définir ce qu’est «réussir» pour les étudiant(e)s de ce programme; déterminer si les aptitudes scolaires acquises avant l’admission au programme peuvent aider à prévoir le succès des étudiant(e)s dans le programme; et si les résultats obtenus à un test mesurant les aptitudes comportementales professionnelles permettent de prévoir le succès des étudiant(e)s dans le stage clinique du programme. On a essayé d’identifier des facteurs qui pourraient être utilisés dans les politiques d’admission au programme ou celles régissant le cheminement dans le programme qui permettraient d’assurer le succès au cours du programme et par la suite. Une analyse qualitative a été conduite auprès des instructeur(e)s cliniques et des enseignant(e)s (n=5) afin d’étudier la notion de « réussite » des étudiant(e)s dans le programme. Bien qu’un(e) étudiant(e) ayant obtenu une note supérieure à 77.5% soit considéré(e) comme ayant « réussi », la notion de « réussite » est beaucoup plus complexe. Des aptitudes affectives, autant que cognitives et psychomotrices complètent le modèle d’un(e) étudiant(e) ayant réussi. Un comportement approprié et certains traits de caractère sont considérés comme des facteurs importants pour la réussite d’un(e) étudiant(e) en techniques d’inhalothérapie et d’anesthésie. L’évaluation qui se fait actuellement des étudiant(e)s dans le stage clinique du programme ne porte que peu sur les aptitudes affectives, et le résultat obtenu témoigne essentiellement des aptitudes scolaires et procédurales. Une analyse quantitative des dossiers des étudiant(e)s avant leur admission au programme et leurs notes finales a été conduite auprès d’une cohorte d’étudiant(e)s ayant commencé le programme en 2005 et gradué en 2008 (n=16). Des données ont été recueillies et une analyse descriptive (analyse de la variance, corrélation de Pearson) ont été faites afin de déterminer l’existence d’un lien entre les notes obtenues au secondaire et celles obtenues dans le programme. L’absence de corrélation entre les deux catégories de notes va à l’encontre de certaines recherches publiées et on peut déduire avec réserve que les notes obtenues avant l’admission au programme ne permettent pas de prévoir la réussite dans le programme. Afin de vérifier la portée de l’évaluation du comportement professionnel et de la réussite en milieu clinique quant à la prévision de réussite dans le programme, une méthode d’évaluation du comportement a été appliquée par les instructeurs(e) cliniques et les enseignant(e)s pour évaluer chaque étudiant(e) au cours d’une rotation dans leur troisième année de stage clinique. Les résultats de cette analyse ont démontré qu’une corrélation moyennement forte pouvait être faite entre une bonne note à l’évaluation comportementale et les notes finales du stage clinique. Perfectionner le processus d’admission au programme afin d’assumer la responsabilité de former des diplômé(e)s capables de répondre aux besoins de la profession est difficile mais essentiel. Avoir les moyens de prévoir quels/quelles étudiant(e)s ont les compétences affectives nécessaires pour faire face à la réussite de leur année de stage clinique est peut être plus important que d’avoir les aptitudes scolaires. Bien que ces observations préliminaires contribuent, à un certain degré, à la littérature existante sur les méthodes de prévoir la réussite dans le programme d’inhalothérapie et d’anesthésie, plusieurs données restent inconnues. Une recherche quantitative et qualitative plus élaborée, conduite sur un échantillon plus large de la population, est nécessaire afin de corroborer les résultats de cette étude limitée.

Indecisão vocacional em alunos do ensino superior

A literatura tem mostrado uma percentagem significativa de estudantes do ensino superior vocacionalmente indecisos. Assim pretende-se analisar em estudantes do ensino superior a relação da certeza vocacional com a identidade vocacional e com a indecisão vocacional. E também estudar diferenças nestas variáveis em função do género e da idade dos participantes e do ciclo de estudos que frequentam. Para tal foram aplicados 3 questionários (Escala de Certeza Vocacional, Escala de Identidade de Vocacional e Escala de Indecisão na Carreira) a 262 alunos oriundos de três instituições de ensino superior público português. Os resultados demonstram que a redução da indecisão vocacional é acompanhada de maior certeza vocacional e de maiores níveis de identidade vocacional. Não foram encontradas diferenças de género nas variáveis consideradas. Relativamente à idade os participantes, nas fases de desenvolvimento da carreira mais avançados verificaram-se diferenças significativas somente para as varáveis certeza vocacional e identidade vocacional. Conclui-se ainda que estudantes de mestrado evidenciam identidade vocacional mais definida, mais certeza vocacional e menores índices de indecisão vocacional, relativamente aos alunos de licenciatura. Estes resultados podem contribuir para uma melhor compreensão da indecisão vocacional nos estudantes do ensino superior e consequentemente, contribuir para intervenções mais eficazes; The career indecision in higher education students Abstract: The literature has shown a significant percentage of students in higher education vocationally undecided. So we intend to analyze in higher education students the relationship of vocational certainty with vocational identity and the career indecision. And also study differences in these variables by gender and age of the participants and the course of study they attend. In this sense, three questionnaires have been applied (Vocational certain scale, Vocational Identity Scale and Indecision Scale Career) to 262 students from three public higher education institutions in Portugal. The results show that reducing the career indecision is associated to higher vocational certainty and higher levels of vocational identity. No gender differences in the variables were found. Regarding participants’ stage of career development, results show significant differences concerning for vocational certainty and vocational identity, favouring participants in advanced stages of career development. We conclude also that master students show more defined vocational identity, more vocational certainty and lower levels of career indecision than undergraduate students. These results can contribute to a better understanding of career indecision in higher education students and thus contribute to more effective interventions.

Gestão da visibilidade LGB no contexto do ensino superior

O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo a compreensão da forma como lésbicas, gays e bissexuais gerem a visibilidade da sua orientação sexual no contexto do ensino superior, bem como a relação entre esta com a perceção da discriminação nesse contexto. Neste sentido, foi utilizada uma amostra de 289 estudantes de instituições do ensino superior de todo o país. Para esta avaliação, foram utilizados dois instrumentos: a Escala de Gestão da Visibilidade da Orientação Sexual (Lasser, Ryser & Price, 2010) e o Questionário de Gestão da Visibilidade e Discriminação em Contextos do Ensino Superior, criado para esta investigação. Os principais resultados apontam diferenças na gestão da visibilidade quanto ao género, orientação sexual, visibilidade da orientação sexual, visibilidade da orientação sexual perante a família, nível de religiosidade e ciclo de estudos. No que diz respeito à perceção de discriminação, os resultados apresentam diferenças quanto à orientação sexual e à área de estudos. Por fim, os resultados conclusivos mostram que existe uma correlação entre a visibilidade da orientação sexual e a perceção de discriminação, no contexto do ensino superior; Abstract: This study aims to understand how lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) manage the visibility of their sexual orientation in the context of higher education, as well as the relationship between this management with their perception of discrimination. In this sense, we used a sample of 289 students from higher school institutions across the country. For this evaluation, two instruments were used: the Visibility Management Scale of Sexual Orientation (Lasser, Ryser & Price, 2010) and the Visibility Management and Discrimination in Contexts of Higher Education Questionnaire, created for this research. The main results show that participant’s gender, sexual orientation, visibility of sexual orientation, visibility of sexual orientation within the family, level of religiosity and course of study are related to the management visibility of sexual orientation. With regard to the perception of discrimination, the results showed differences in sexual orientation and study area. Finally, the conclusive results show that there is a correlation between the visibility of sexual orientation and the perception of discrimination in the context of higher education.

MAPAS COGNITIVOS APRENDIZAJES DESDE LA VIVENCIA ESPACIAL

El artículo integra los marcos teóricos de la Geografía de la Percepción y el aprendizaje significativo mediante una secuencia didáctica para la enseñanza de la cartografía en el curso Didáctica de los Estudios Sociales para educación Básica, de la carrera Diplomado en pedagogía con acento en I y II ciclos de la Educación general Básica, Universidad Nacional.  El objetivo general se centró en analizar la utilidad del mapa cognitivo en la enseñanza de la cartografía, para contrastar con otos métodos tradicionales.  Los resultados revelan que las configuraciones espaciales representadas en los mapas cognitivos se asemejan muy poco a las representaciones cartográficas convencionales, no obstante la metodología implementada produce aprendizaje significativoPalabras claves: Geografía de la Percepción-Aprendizaje significativo-Secuencia didáctica-Mapa cognitivo-Enseñanza de la cartografía.Abstract:The article comprises the theoretical frameworks of the Geography of Perception and significant learning by means of a didactic sequence for the teaching of cartography in the Didactic course of Social Studies for Basic education, the Diploma course of study in pedagogy with emphasis on cycles I and II of general Basic Education,  Universidad Nacional.  The general objective is focused on analyzing the usefulness of the cognitive map in the teaching of cartography in order to contrast it other traditional methods. The results reveal that the spatial configurations represented in the cognitive maps bear little resemblance to the conventional cartographic representations. Nevertheless, the methodology implemented produces significant learning.Key Words: Geography of Perception, significant learning, didactic sequence, cognitive map, cartography education, cartography.