Fenologia remota: uso de imagens digitais no acompanhamento fenológico de plantas em uma área de cerrado sensu stricto, no município de Itirapina, São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fisioecologia de sementes de Miconia chartacea (Melastomataceae) ocorrente em uma reserva de Cerrado, no município de Corumbataí (SP)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Leveduras isoladas de ninhos de Acromyrmex Balzani (Hymenoptera: Formicidade) de áreas de cerrado do Estado do Tocantins

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Distributions and phylogeographic data of rheophilic freshwater fishes provide evidences on the geographic extension of a central-brazilian amazonian palaeoplateau in the area of the present day Pantanal Wetland

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Chemical and biological properties of phosphorus-fertilized soil under legume and grass cover (Cerrado region, Brazil)

The use of cover crops has been suggested as an effective method to maintain and/or increase the organic matter content, while maintaining and/or enhancing the soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The fertility of Cerrado soils is low and, consequently, phosphorus levels as well. Phosphorus is required at every metabolic stage of the plant, as it plays a role in the processes of protein and energy synthesis and influences the photosynthetic process. This study evaluated the influence of cover crops and phosphorus rates on soil chemical and biological properties after two consecutive years of common bean. The study analyzed an Oxisol in Selvíria (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), in a randomized block, split plot design, in a total of 24 treatments with three replications. The plot treatments consisted of cover crops (millet, pigeon pea, crotalaria, velvet bean, millet + pigeon pea, millet + crotalaria, and millet + velvet bean) and one plot was left fallow. The subplots were represented by phosphorus rates applied as monoammonium phosphate (0, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 P2O5). In August 2011, the soil chemical properties were evaluated (pH, organic matter, phosphorus, potential acidity, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation) as well as biological variables (carbon of released CO2, microbial carbon, metabolic quotient and microbial quotient). After two years of cover crops in rotation with common bean, the cover crop biomass had not altered the soil chemical properties and barely influenced the microbial activity. The biomass production of millet and crotalaria (monoculture or intercropped) was highest. The biological variables were sensitive and responded to increasing phosphorus rates with increases in microbial carbon and reduction of the metabolic quotient.

Análise da estrutura arbustivo-arbórea de uma área de cerrado sensu stricto, município de Aquidauana-Mato Grosso do Sul

The objective of this work was to study the floristic composition and structure of the Cerrado (Brazilian savannah), focusing on the tree and shrub strata. A total of 30 plots (10x10m) were set up, distributed in 10 contiguous blocks where individuals with a minimum PBH of 10 cm were sampled. A total of 1,107 individuals were sampled. Such individuals belonged to 33 families and 88 species, showing high values of richness. Total basal area and total density were respectively 6,651m² and 3690 individuals per hectare. The values of diversity (3.868 nats/individual) and evenness (0.86) show high heterogeneity and low ecological dominance. The most important species were Qualea grandiflora Mart., Lafoensia pacari St. Hil., Magonia pubescens St. Hil. and Qualea parviflora Mart., which together represented 57.7% of VI.

Composição florística de angiospermas no carste do Alto São Francisco, Minas Gerais, Brasil

The occurence of carbonatic rocks defines a typical type of relief, called karst, that, by its geomorphology and hydrology, usually differs from the surrounding landscape. In the upper São Francisco river basin, some striking remnants of vegetation associated to karst can be found, which are locally knwon as Mata de Pains. In this region, a mosaic of different physiognomies, including forests and open areas, which present noteworthy plant diversity, composes the vegetation. The aim of this study is to provide an inventory of angiosperm species in areas of carbonatic rocks outcrops in the upper São Francisco river basin karst region, as well as analyze the floristic relationship of the study area with different Brazilian phytogeographic domains. Fieldwork was performed during the period of 2002 a 2006, when collections of fertile speciemns were done in areas associated to carbonatic rock outcrops. During the study, 1512 exsicates were incorporated to BHCB herbarium collection. A total of 456 angiosperm species were inventoried, distributed in 299 genera and 77 families. Herbaceous habit was better represented, with 161 species, followed by shrubs and trees (111 species each) and lianas (73 species). The flora of the study area presents more influence of the Mata Atlântica domain (Atlantic Rain Forest), followed by, in order of importance, Cerrado, Amazonia, Caatinga, Pantanal and Pampa. Floristic surveys in different karst regions inserted in different phytogeographic domains may, together, provide useful information in understanding the phytogeografic history of Neotropical vegetation.

Estrutura e composição florística de um Cerrado sensu stricto e sua importância para propostas de restauração ecológica

Bordas são áreas de transição entre dois ecossistemas e podem ter origem natural ou antrópica. A influência de borda inclui tanto os efeitos diretos, relacionados às alterações microambientais, como os efeitos indiretos que afetam as interações entre espécies. Adicionalmente, estudos sugerem que a orientação cardinal pode modificar os efeitos microambientais da borda. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de borda sobre os fatores microambientais, as condições edáficas locais, a densidade e a riqueza de espécies em um Cerrado sensu stricto em Itirapina, SP, Brasil. Especificamente, nós investigamos se as características microambientais (umidade relativa do ar (%), radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR), temperatura e porcentagem de abertura de dossel), as condições edáficas e a composição da vegetação diferem entre parcelas (36 parcelas de 25 × 2 m distanciadas 50 m entre si) distribuídas na borda e no interior, orientadas a leste e a sul do Cerrado estudado. Todos os indivíduos lenhosos com circunferência a 30 cm da base do caule ≥ 3 cm foram amostrados e marcados. As variáveis microambientais e as amostras de solo para análises químicas e granulométricas (0-20 cm de profundidade) foram coletadas em três pontos de cada parcela. Foi registrado um total de 120 espécies distribuídas em 40 famílias. Dentre os parâmetros estruturais da vegetação, somente a densidade absoluta foi significativamente maior no interior sul do fragmento. As variáveis microambientais diferiram significativamente entre as faces leste e sul, mas não entre borda e interior. Os parâmetros microambientais e estruturais não caracterizaram uma influência da borda. Entretanto, a orientação cardinal leste e sul e fatores microambientais associados, e a presença de determinados nutrientes no solo como o Mn, influenciaram a estrutura da vegetação de Cerrado e a sua composição em espécies. Nossos resultados ressaltam a importância de considerar a orientação cardinal, além da composição de nutrientes no solo, e dos fatores microambientais, para compreender as variações da vegetação em escala local.

Physical quality of an Oxisol under an integrated crop-livestock-forest system in the Brazilian Cerrado

Soil physical quality is an important factor for the sustainability of agricultural systems. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate soil physical properties and soil organic carbon in a Typic Acrudox under an integrated crop-livestock-forest system. The experiment was carried out in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Treatments consisted of seven systems: integrated crop-livestock-forest, with 357 trees ha-1 and pasture height of 30 cm (CLF357-30); integrated crop-livestock-forest with 357 trees ha-1 and pasture height of 45 cm (CLF357-45); integrated crop-livestock-forest with 227 trees ha-1 and pasture height of 30 cm (CLF227-30); integrated crop-livestock-forest with 227 trees ha-1 and pasture height of 45 cm (CLF227-45); integrated crop-livestock with pasture height of 30 cm (CL30); integrated crop-livestock with pasture height of 45 cm (CL45) and native vegetation (NV). Soil properties were evaluated for the depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. All grazing treatments increased bulk density (r b) and penetration resistance (PR), and decreased total porosity (¦t) and macroporosity (¦ma), compared to NV. The values of r b (1.18-1.47 Mg m-3), ¦ma (0.14-0.17 m³ m-3) and PR (0.62-0.81 MPa) at the 0-10 cm depth were not restrictive to plant growth. The change in land use from NV to CL or CLF decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) and the soil organic carbon pool (SOCpool). All grazing treatments had a similar SOCpool at the 0-10 cm depth and were lower than that for NV (17.58 Mg ha-1).

In vitro trypanocidal activity of solamargine and extracts from Solanum palinacanthum and Solanum lycocarpum of brazilian cerrado

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a potencial atividade tripanocida do extrato bruto etanólico dos frutos de Solanum palinacanthum, Solanum lycocarpum e do glicoalcalóide solamargina. Pó do fruto seco de S. palinacanthum e S. lycocarpum foram submetidos a extracção por refluxo com etanol a 96% e solamargina foi isolada a partir do extrato bruto de S. palinacanthum. Foram determinadas de ambos os extratos e a solamargina a atividade tripanocida utilizando o ensaio colorimétrico MTT. O Extrato de S. palinacanthum mostrou-se mais ativo (IC50 = 175,9 µg.ml–1) de que o extrato de S. lycocarpum (IC50 = 194,7 µg.ml–1). A solamargina apresentou forte atividade tripanocida (IC50 = 15,3 µg.ml–1), o que pode explicar a melhor atividade de ambos os extratos. O benzonidazol (IC50 = 9,0 µg.ml–1) é a única droga utilizada para o tratamento da doença de Chagas. Estes resultados demonstram pela primeira vez que os extratos etanólicos obtidos a partir de frutos de S. palinacanthum e S. lycocarpum, além da solamargina apresentam uma atividade tripanocida potencial.

Influence of seasonal changes in daily activity and annual life cycle of Geotrigona mombuca (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in a Cerrado habitat, São Paulo, Brazil

The foraging activity of Geotrigona mombuca Smith, 1863 was studied under natural conditions aiming to verify the influence of seasonal changes on daily flight activity and annual cycle of the colony. Daily flight activity was monitored for a year based on the observation and counting of foragers leaving and entering the hive, as well as the kind of material transported and meteorological factors such as day time, temperature and relative humidity. The influence of seasonal changes was evidenced by alterations on daily rhythm of flight activity and by differences on transportation of food resources, building material and garbage. These data indicate that forager behavior is related to daily microclimate conditions and it is synchronized with the requirements of colony annual cycle, which determines an intense pollen collection in the summer. Thus, the recomposition of the intranidal population in spring and summer can be ensured, which is characterized both for a higher intensity of flight activity and increase in garbage and resin transport, as well as the swarming process in the spring. In this way, an action targeting the preservation or management of the species in a natural environment should consider that survival and reproduction of the colony depends greatly on the amount of available pollen in late winter.

Fontes e doses de nitrogênio na cultura da Brachiaria brizantha cv. xaraés sob condições edafoclimáticas de cerrado

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Estudo fitossociológico de floresta estacional semidecidual e de cerrado no município de Patrocínio Paulista, SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Anatomia comparada do lenho de Tabebuia aurea (Bignoniaceae) e Tocoyena formosa (Rubiaceae) que ocorrem no cerrado e na caatinga

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) - IBB

Helmintofauna associada a répteis provenientes da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Foz do Rio Aguapeí, estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBB