966 resultados para C (Programming Language)
Resumo:
A variety of language disturbances including aphasia have been described after subcortical stroke but less is known about the factors that influence the long-term recovery of stroke-induced language dysfunction. We prospectively examined the role of the affected hemisphere and the lesion site in the occurrence and recovery of language deficits in nonthalamic subcortical stroke. Forty patients with unilateral basal gangliastroke underwent language assessment within 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after stroke. Disturbances in at least one language domain were observed in 35 patients during the first week post stroke including aphasia diagnosed in 11 patients. Importantly, the appearance of deficits after stroke onset and the improvement of language function were not determined by the site of subcortical lesion, but instead were critically influenced by the affected hemisphere. In fact, the language impairments following left and right basal ganglia stroke mirrored the language dysfunction observed after cortical lesions in the same hemisphere. A significant overall language improvement was observed at 3 months after stroke, although residual deficits in languageexecutive function were the most commonly observed impairment at 1 year follow-up. Although a substantial improvement of language function can be expected after nonthalamic subcortical stroke, our findings suggest that language recovery may not be fully achieved at 1 year post
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Linear programming models are effective tools to support initial or periodic planning of agricultural enterprises, requiring, however, technical coefficients that can be determined using computer simulation models. This paper, presented in two parts, deals with the development, application and tests of a methodology and of a computational modeling tool to support planning of irrigated agriculture activities. Part I aimed at the development and application, including sensitivity analysis, of a multiyear linear programming model to optimize the financial return and water use, at farm level for Jaba irrigation scheme, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, using data on crop irrigation requirement and yield, obtained from previous simulation with MCID model. The linear programming model outputted a crop pattern to which a maximum total net present value of R$ 372,723.00 for the four years period, was obtained. Constraints on monthly water availability, labor, land and production were critical in the optimal solution. In relation to the water use optimization, it was verified that an expressive reductions on the irrigation requirements may be achieved by small reductions on the maximum total net present value.
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Tyn tavoitteena on sovittaa Qt opetussuunnitelmaan. Ty sislt Qt:n lyhyen historian sek katsauksen sen nykytilaan. Nykytilakatsaus sislt kolme nkkulmaa: miten ja miss Qt:ta voidaan kytt, sek sen kytttarkoitukset teollisuudessa ja opetuksessa. Tyn tuloksena syntyy luentodemonstraatiota varten pieni ohjelma, joka on luotu C++:n ja Qt Designerin avulla ja kytt olennaisia kyttliittymkirjaston olioita. Toisena tuotteena tyss syntyy luonnos Lappeenrannan Teknillisen Yliopiston ohjelmointikursseista, joissa Qt:ta voitaisiin kytt avustamaan opiskelijoita nkemn, miten graafinen ohjelma luodaan sek valmentaa heit ymmrtmn viitekehyksien ja graafisten kirjastojen tuomat edut.
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Tmn kandidaatintyn tavoitteena on lyt mahdollisimman kattava kokoelma harjoitustehtvi ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssille. Tss tyss tutkitaan ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssin kehitystarpeita. Tyss kydn lpi kurssilla aiemmin kytettyj harjoitustehtvi sek ksiteltvi aiheita. Niden perusteella kartoitetaan aiemmissa harjoitustehtviss mahdollisesti olleet puutteet ja pyritn tekemn uudet harjoitustehtvt siten, ett ne kattavat mahdollisimman hyvin kurssin aiheet. Tehtvt pyritn suunnittelemaan siten, ett aiempaa ohjelmointiosaamista pystytn kyttmn hyvksi mahdollisimman paljon. Tutkimus perustuu Lappeenrannan teknillisen yliopiston Kytnnn ohjelmointi nimiseen kurssiin. Tm on ohjelmoinnin jatkokurssi, jolla kytetn ohjelmointikielen C-kielt.
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Human activity recognition in everyday environments is a critical, but challenging task in Ambient Intelligence applications to achieve proper Ambient Assisted Living, and key challenges still remain to be dealt with to realize robust methods. One of the major limitations of the Ambient Intelligence systems today is the lack of semantic models of those activities on the environment, so that the system can recognize the speci c activity being performed by the user(s) and act accordingly. In this context, this thesis addresses the general problem of knowledge representation in Smart Spaces. The main objective is to develop knowledge-based models, equipped with semantics to learn, infer and monitor human behaviours in Smart Spaces. Moreover, it is easy to recognize that some aspects of this problem have a high degree of uncertainty, and therefore, the developed models must be equipped with mechanisms to manage this type of information. A fuzzy ontology and a semantic hybrid system are presented to allow modelling and recognition of a set of complex real-life scenarios where vagueness and uncertainty are inherent to the human nature of the users that perform it. The handling of uncertain, incomplete and vague data (i.e., missing sensor readings and activity execution variations, since human behaviour is non-deterministic) is approached for the rst time through a fuzzy ontology validated on real-time settings within a hybrid data-driven and knowledgebased architecture. The semantics of activities, sub-activities and real-time object interaction are taken into consideration. The proposed framework consists of two main modules: the low-level sub-activity recognizer and the high-level activity recognizer. The rst module detects sub-activities (i.e., actions or basic activities) that take input data directly from a depth sensor (Kinect). The main contribution of this thesis tackles the second component of the hybrid system, which lays on top of the previous one, in a superior level of abstraction, and acquires the input data from the rst module's output, and executes ontological inference to provide users, activities and their in uence in the environment, with semantics. This component is thus knowledge-based, and a fuzzy ontology was designed to model the high-level activities. Since activity recognition requires context-awareness and the ability to discriminate among activities in di erent environments, the semantic framework allows for modelling common-sense knowledge in the form of a rule-based system that supports expressions close to natural language in the form of fuzzy linguistic labels. The framework advantages have been evaluated with a challenging and new public dataset, CAD-120, achieving an accuracy of 90.1% and 91.1% respectively for low and high-level activities. This entails an improvement over both, entirely data-driven approaches, and merely ontology-based approaches. As an added value, for the system to be su ciently simple and exible to be managed by non-expert users, and thus, facilitate the transfer of research to industry, a development framework composed by a programming toolbox, a hybrid crisp and fuzzy architecture, and graphical models to represent and con gure human behaviour in Smart Spaces, were developed in order to provide the framework with more usability in the nal application. As a result, human behaviour recognition can help assisting people with special needs such as in healthcare, independent elderly living, in remote rehabilitation monitoring, industrial process guideline control, and many other cases. This thesis shows use cases in these areas.
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We analyzed the performance of 162 normal subjects, subdivided into groups according to age and schooling, in the oral comprehension tasks of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese to obtain a profile of performance for the Brazilian population, as well as cut-off scores for each task, and to determine the best combination of tasks that distinguish normal from aphasic subjects, as a guide for clinicians. The normal subjects were compared to 69 aphasics. Age alone influenced the performance in the designation of actions (subjects above 70 years showing the worst performance); schooling alone influenced the comprehension of forms, colors and numbers (subjects with less than four years of education showing a poorer performance). Both age and schooling influenced the performance in Body Part Identification (BPI) and Complex Ideational Material (CIM) with mean values of 70.5 3.3 (Word Discrimination, WD), 18.9 1.4 (BPI), 14.7 0.9 (Commands), and 10.3 1.7 (CIM) for the whole sample; the cut-off scores obtained were 65 (WD), 17.5 (BPI), 14 (Commands), and 9.5 (CIM) for the whole sample. Logistic regression showed that the combination of BPI + Commands + CIM was the most efficient in differentiating normal subjects from aphasics, with 72.5% sensitivity and 97.6% specificity. However, for low-education subjects, BPI and Commands were sufficient for this differentiation (75.7% sensitivity and 84.7% specificity). The main contribution of this study was to provide reference values that are far more representative of our population to be used by health professionals in Brazil, taking into account cultural differences.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C), an instrument developed in the United States and applied to a sample of Brazilian schoolchildren. The process included the translation of the original material from English into Portuguese by two bilingual psychiatrists and a back translation by a bilingual physician. Both the front and back translations were revised by a bilingual child psychiatrist. The study was performed using a cross-sectional design and the Portuguese version of the SPAI-C was applied to a sample of 1954 children enrolled in 3rd to 8th grade attending 2 private and 11 public schools. Eighty-one subjects were excluded due to an incomplete questionnaire and 2 children refused to participate. The final sample consisted of 1871 children, 938 girls (50.1%) and 933 boys (49.8%), ranging in age from 9 to 14 years. The majority of the students were Caucasian (89.0%) and the remainder were African-Brazilian (11.0%). The Pearson product-moment correlation showed that the two-week test-retest reliability coefficient was r = 0.780 and Cronbach's alpha was 0.946. The factor structure was almost similar to that reported in previous studies. The results regarding the internal consistency, the test-retest reliability and the factor structure were similar to the findings obtained in studies performed on English speaking children. The present study showed that the Portuguese language version of SPAI-C is a reliable and valid measure of social anxiety for Brazilian children.
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This thesis focuses on developing an evolutionary art system using genetic programming. The main goal is to produce new forms of evolutionary art that filter existing images into new non-photorealistic (NPR) styles, by obtaining images that look like traditional media such as watercolor or pencil, as well as brand new effects. The approach permits GP to generate creative forms of NPR results. The GP language is extended with different techniques and methods inspired from NPR research such as colour mixing expressions, image processing filters and painting algorithm. Colour mixing is a major new contribution, as it enables many familiar and innovative NPR effects to arise. Another major innovation is that many GP functions process the canvas (rendered image), while is dynamically changing. Automatic fitness scoring uses aesthetic evaluation models and statistical analysis, and multi-objective fitness evaluation is used. Results showed a variety of NPR effects, as well as new, creative possibilities.
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Genetic Programming (GP) is a widely used methodology for solving various computational problems. GP's problem solving ability is usually hindered by its long execution times. In this thesis, GP is applied toward real-time computer vision. In particular, object classification and tracking using a parallel GP system is discussed. First, a study of suitable GP languages for object classification is presented. Two main GP approaches for visual pattern classification, namely the block-classifiers and the pixel-classifiers, were studied. Results showed that the pixel-classifiers generally performed better. Using these results, a suitable language was selected for the real-time implementation. Synthetic video data was used in the experiments. The goal of the experiments was to evolve a unique classifier for each texture pattern that existed in the video. The experiments revealed that the system was capable of correctly tracking the textures in the video. The performance of the system was on-par with real-time requirements.
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Ce mmoire prsente une implantation de la cration paresseuse de tches desti- ne des systmes multiprocesseurs mmoire distribue. Elle offre un sous-ensemble des fonctionnalits du Message-Passing Interface et permet de parallliser certains problmes qui se partitionnent difficilement de manire statique grce un systme de partitionnement dynamique et de balancement de charge. Pour ce faire, il se base sur le langage Multilisp, un dialecte de Scheme orient vers le traitement parallle, et implante sur ce dernier une interface semblable MPI permettant le calcul distribu multipro- cessus. Ce systme offre un langage beaucoup plus riche et expressif que le C et rduit considrablement le travail ncessaire au programmeur pour pouvoir dvelopper des programmes quivalents ceux en MPI. Enfin, le partitionnement dynamique permet de concevoir des programmes qui seraient trs complexes raliser sur MPI. Des tests ont t effectus sur un systme local 16 processeurs et une grappe 16 processeurs et il offre de bonnes acclrations en comparaison des programmes squentiels quiva- lents ainsi que des performances acceptables par rapport MPI. Ce mmoire dmontre que lusage des futures comme technique de partitionnement dynamique est faisable sur des multiprocesseurs mmoire distribue.
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Les structures avec des lieurs sont trs communes en informatique. Les langages de programmation et les systmes logiques sont des exemples de structures avec des lieurs. La manipulation de lieurs est dlicate, de sorte que lcriture de programmes qui ma- nipulent ces structures tirerait profit dun soutien spcifique pour les lieurs. Lenviron- nement de programmation Beluga est un exemple dun tel systme. Nous dveloppons et prsentons ici un compilateur pour ce systme. Parmi les programmes pour lesquels Beluga est spcialement bien adapt, plusieurs peuvent bnficier dun compilateur. Par exemple, les programmes pour valider les types (les "type-checkers"), les compilateurs et les interprteurs tirent profit du soutien spcifique des lieurs et des types dpendants prsents dans le langage. Ils ncessitent tous galement une excution efficace, que lon propose dobtenir par le biais dun compilateur. Le but de ce travail est de prsenter un nouveau compilateur pour Beluga, qui emploie une reprsentation interne polyvalente et permet de partager du code entre plusieurs back-ends. Une contribution notable est la compilation du filtrage de Beluga, qui est particulirement puissante dans ce langage.
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UNE EXPOSITION NONATALE LOXYGNE MNE DES MODIFICATIONS DE LA FONCTION MITOCHONDRIALE CHEZ LE RAT ADULTE Introduction: Lexposition loxygne (O2) des ratons nouveau-ns a des consquences lge adulte dont une hypertension artrielle (HTA), une dysfonction vasculaire, une nphropnie et des indices de stress oxydant. En considrant que les reins sont encore en dveloppement actif lors des premiers jours aprs la naissance chez les rats, jouent un rle cl dans le dveloppement de lhypertension et quune dysfonction mitochondriale est associ une augmentation du stress oxydant, nous postulons que les conditions dltres nonatales peuvent avoir un impact significatif au niveau rnal sur la modulation de lexpression de protines cls du fonctionnement mitochondrial et une production mitochondriale excessive despces ractives de l O2. Mthodes: Des ratons Sprague-Dawley sont exposs 80% dO2 (H) ou 21% O2 (Ctrl) du 3e au 10e jr de vie. En considrant que plusieurs organes des rats sont encore en dveloppement actif la naissance, ces rongeurs sont un modle reconnu pour tudier les complications dune hyperoxie nonatale, comme celles lies une naissance prmature chez lhomme. 4 et 16 semaines, les reins sont prlevs et les mitochondries sont extraites suivant une mthode dextraction standard, avec un tampon contenant du sucrose 0.32 M et diffrentes centrifugations. Lexpression des protines mitochondriales a t mesure par Western blot, tandis que la production d H202 et les activits des enzymes cls du cycle de Krebs ont t values par spectrophotomtrie. Les rsultats sont exprims par la moyenne SD. Rsultats: Les rats mles H de 16 semaines (n=6) prsentent une activit de citrate synthase (considr standard interne de lexpression protique et de labondance mitochondriales) augmente (12.4 8.4 vs 4.1 0.5 mole/mL/min), une diminution de lactivit daconitase (enzyme sensible au redox mitochondrial) (0.11 0.05 vs 0.20 0.04 moles/min/mg mitochondrie), ainsi quune augmentation dans la production de H202 (7.0 1.3 vs 5.4 0.8 moles/mg protines mitochondriales) comparativement au groupe Ctrl (n=6 mles et 4 femelles). Le groupe H (vs Ctrl) prsente galement une diminution dans lexpression de peroxiredoxin-3 (Prx3) (H 0.610.06 vs. Ctrl 0.780.02 unit relative, -23%; p<0.05), une protine implique dans llimination d H202, de lexpression du cytochrome C oxidase (Complexe IV) (H 1.020.04 vs. Ctrl 1.200.02 unit relative, -15%; p<0.05), une protine de la chaine de respiration mitochondriale, tandis que lexpression de la protine de dcouplage (uncoupling protein)-2 (UCP2), implique dans la dispersion du gradient proton, est significativement augmente (H 1.050.02 vs. Ctrl 0.900.03 unit relative, +17%; p<0.05). Les femelles H (n=6) (vs Ctrl, n=6) de 16 semaines dmontrent une augmentation significative de lactivit de laconitase (0.330.03 vs 0.170.02 moles/min/mg mitochondrie), de lexpression de lATP synthase sous unit (H 0.730.02 vs. Ctrl 0.590.02 unit relative, +25%; p<0.05) et de lexpression de MnSOD (H 0.890.02 vs. Ctrl 0.740.03 unit relative, +20%; p<0.05) (superoxide dismutase mitochondriale, important antioxidant), tandis que lexpression de Prx3 est significativement rduite (H 1.10.07 vs. Ctrl 0.850.01 unit relative, -24%; p<0.05). 4 semaines, les mles H (vs Ctrl) prsentent une augmentation significative de lexpression de Prx3 (H 0.720.03 vs. Ctrl 0.560.04 unit relative, +31%; p<0.05) et les femelles prsentent une augmentation significative de lexpression dUCP2 (H 1.220.05 vs. Ctrl 1.030.04 unit relative, +18%; p<0.05) et de lexpression de MnSOD (H 1.360.01 vs. 1.190.06 unit relative, +14%; p<0.05). Conclusions: Une exposition nonatale lO2 chez le rat adulte mne des indices de dysfonction mitochondriale dans les reins adultes, associe une augmentation dans la production despces ractives de loxygne, suggrant que ces modifications mitochondriales pourraient jouer un rle dans lhypertension artrielle et dun stress oxydant, et par consquent, tre un facteur possible dans la progression vers des maladies cardiovasculaires. Mots-cls: Mitochondries, Reins, Hypertension, Oxygne, Stress Oxydant, Programmation
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"Lenregistrement de noms de domaine, bas sur la rgle du premier arriv, premier servi , na pas chapp des personnes peu scrupuleuses qui se sont empresses denregistrer comme noms de domaine des marques de commerce, phnomne connu sous le nom de cybersquattage . LU.D.R.P. (Uniform domain name Dispute Resolution Policy) est une procdure internationale qui a t adopte pour rgler les diffrends relatifs cette pratique. La procdure de lU.D.R.P. est conue pour tre rapide, efficace et simple. Mme si le fardeau de preuve reposant sur le titulaire de marque de commerce peut sembler lourd, lanalyse de la procdure dmontre quelle noffre pas aux dtenteurs de noms de domaine un procs juste et quitable, notamment en raison des dlais trs courts, de labsence de voies de recours internes en cas de dfaut et de lobligation de saisir les tribunaux de droit commun. La procdure de lU.D.R.P. ne prsente aussi aucun caractre dissuasif envers les titulaires de marques qui tenteraient de sapproprier un nom de domaine enregistr dans des conditions lgitimes. Une tude des dcisions issues de la Procdure U.D.R.P. rvle quil existe un dsquilibre flagrant en faveur des titulaires de marques de commerces; les organismes accrdits se taillant la plus grande part du march sont ceux dont les dcisions sont gnralement plus favorables aux titulaires de marques. Une varit darguments sont avancs pour expliquer ces rsultats mais les tudes dmontrent que la Procdure U.D.R.P. doit faire lobjet de rformes. La rforme devrait comprendre deux volets : premirement, la modification du mode de dsignation des organismes accrdits chargs dadministrer la Procdure U.D.R.P. ainsi que la modification du processus de slection des commissaires; deuximement, une rforme relative aux dlais, la langue des procdures et au phnomne des procdures abusives intentes par des dtenteurs de marques de commerce l?gard denregistrements lgitimes."
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La programmation linaire en nombres entiers est une approche robuste qui permet de rsoudre rapidement de grandes instances de problmes d'optimisation discrte. Toutefois, les problmes gagnent constamment en complexit et imposent parfois de fortes limites sur le temps de calcul. Il devient alors ncessaire de dvelopper des mthodes spcialises afin de rsoudre approximativement ces problmes, tout en calculant des bornes sur leurs valeurs optimales afin de prouver la qualit des solutions obtenues. Nous proposons d'explorer une approche de reformulation en nombres entiers guide par la relaxation lagrangienne. Aprs l'identification d'une forte relaxation lagrangienne, un processus systmatique permet d'obtenir une seconde formulation en nombres entiers. Cette reformulation, plus compacte que celle de Dantzig et Wolfe, comporte exactement les mmes solutions entires que la formulation initiale, mais en amliore la borne linaire: elle devient gale la borne lagrangienne. L'approche de reformulation permet d'unifier et de gnraliser des formulations et des mthodes de borne connues. De plus, elle offre une manire simple d'obtenir des reformulations de moins grandes tailles en contrepartie de bornes plus faibles. Ces reformulations demeurent de grandes tailles. C'est pourquoi nous dcrivons aussi des mthodes spcialises pour en rsoudre les relaxations linaires. Finalement, nous appliquons l'approche de reformulation deux problmes de localisation. Cela nous mne de nouvelles formulations pour ces problmes; certaines sont de trs grandes tailles, mais nos mthodes de rsolution spcialises les rendent pratiques.
