Discriminação de fitofisionomias de floresta de várzea a partir do algoritmo Iterated Conditional Modes aplicado aos dados SAR/R99 (QUAD-POL/Banda L)

Utilizando-se dados do sensor aerotransportado SAR R99, adquiridos na banda L (1,28 GHz) em amplitude e com quatro polarizações (HH, VV, HV e VH), avaliou-se a distinção de fitofisionomias de floresta de várzea existentes nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Amanã e Mamirauá e áreas adjacentes, com a aplicação do algoritmo Iterated Conditional Modes (ICM) de classificação polarimétrica pontual/contextual. Os resultados mostraram que o uso das distribuições multivariadas em amplitude, conjuntamente com uma banda de textura, produziu classificações de qualidade superior àquelas obtidas com dados polarimétricos uni/bivariados. Esta abordagem permitiu a obtenção de um índice Kappa de 0,8963, discriminando as três classes vegetacionais de interesse, comprovando assim o potencial dos dados do SAR R99 e do algoritmo ICM no mapeamento de florestas de várzea da Amazônia.

Multi-temporal analysis of radiometric changes in satellite images of forest edges to infer selective-logging areas in the Amazon forest

Radiometric changes observed in multi-temporal optical satellite images have an important role in efforts to characterize selective-logging areas. The aim of this study was to analyze the multi-temporal behavior of spectral-mixture responses in satellite images in simulated selective-logging areas in the Amazon forest, considering red/near-infrared spectral relationships. Forest edges were used to infer the selective-logging infrastructure using differently oriented edges in the transition between forest and deforested areas in satellite images. TM/Landsat-5 images acquired at three dates with different solar-illumination geometries were used in this analysis. The method assumed that the radiometric responses between forest with selective-logging effects and forest edges in contact with recent clear-cuts are related. The spatial frequency attributes of red/near infrared bands for edge areas were analyzed. Analysis of dispersion diagrams showed two groups of pixels that represent selective-logging areas. The attributes for size and radiometric distance representing these two groups were related to solar-elevation angle. The results suggest that detection of timber exploitation areas is limited because of the complexity of the selective-logging radiometric response. Thus, the accuracy of detecting selective logging can be influenced by the solar-elevation angle at the time of image acquisition. We conclude that images with lower solar-elevation angles are less reliable for delineation of selecting logging.

Land cover classification of Lago Grande de Curuai floodplain (Amazon, Brazil) using multi-sensor and image fusion techniques

Given the limitations of different types of remote sensing images, automated land-cover classifications of the Amazon várzea may yield poor accuracy indexes. One way to improve accuracy is through the combination of images from different sensors, by either image fusion or multi-sensor classifications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine which classification method is more efficient in improving land cover classification accuracies for the Amazon várzea and similar wetland environments - (a) synthetically fused optical and SAR images or (b) multi-sensor classification of paired SAR and optical images. Land cover classifications based on images from a single sensor (Landsat TM or Radarsat-2) are compared with multi-sensor and image fusion classifications. Object-based image analyses (OBIA) and the J.48 data-mining algorithm were used for automated classification, and classification accuracies were assessed using the kappa index of agreement and the recently proposed allocation and quantity disagreement measures. Overall, optical-based classifications had better accuracy than SAR-based classifications. Once both datasets were combined using the multi-sensor approach, there was a 2% decrease in allocation disagreement, as the method was able to overcome part of the limitations present in both images. Accuracy decreased when image fusion methods were used, however. We therefore concluded that the multi-sensor classification method is more appropriate for classifying land cover in the Amazon várzea.

Measurement of transverse energy-energy correlations in multi-jet events in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector and determination of the strong coupling constant αs(mZ)

High transverse momentum jets produced in pp collisions at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV are used to measure the transverse energy--energy correlation function and its associated azimuthal asymmetry. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in the year 2011 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 158 pb−1. The selection criteria demand the average transverse momentum of the two leading jets in an event to be larger than 250 GeV. The data at detector level are well described by Monte Carlo event generators. They are unfolded to the particle level and compared with theoretical calculations at next-to-leading-order accuracy. The agreement between data and theory is good and provides a precision test of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics at large momentum transfers. From this comparison, the strong coupling constant given at the Z boson mass is determined to be αs(mZ)=0.1173±0.0010 (exp.) +0.0065−0.0026 (theo.).

A busca da comunicação na sociedade multi-ecrãs: perspectiva ecológica

Este texto reflexiona sobre una nueva forma de concebir la televisión como servicio público, resaltando las dificultades y problemas que plantea analizar el concepto de la calidad de la televisión, si no se tiene en cuenta la dimensión emotiva y de entretenimiento del medio. Posteriormente, el autor pretende ubicar la televisión en el contexto de la multiplicidad de otras pantallas y tecnologías, subrayando las cuestiones del sentido y de la calidad de vida, desde un modelo ecológico. Finalmente, se apuntan algunas contribuciones para profundizar el concepto y las experiencias de alfabetización digital.

Nanocomposites: the contribution of multiscale modelling to improve the dispersion levels

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciência e Engenharia de Polímeros e Compósitos

Metabolic engineering with multi-objective optimization of kinetic models

Kinetic models have a great potential for metabolic engineering applications. They can be used for testing which genetic and regulatory modifications can increase the production of metabolites of interest, while simultaneously monitoring other key functions of the host organism. This work presents a methodology for increasing productivity in biotechnological processes exploiting dynamic models. It uses multi-objective dynamic optimization to identify the combination of targets (enzymatic modifications) and the degree of up- or down-regulation that must be performed in order to optimize a set of pre-defined performance metrics subject to process constraints. The capabilities of the approach are demonstrated on a realistic and computationally challenging application: a large-scale metabolic model of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO), which are used for antibody production in a fed-batch process. The proposed methodology manages to provide a sustained and robust growth in CHO cells, increasing productivity while simultaneously increasing biomass production, product titer, and keeping the concentrations of lactate and ammonia at low values. The approach presented here can be used for optimizing metabolic models by finding the best combination of targets and their optimal level of up/down-regulation. Furthermore, it can accommodate additional trade-offs and constraints with great flexibility.

Behavior-based price discrimination in a multi-dimensional preferences market

NIPE WP 04/ 2016

Development of a novel aptamer-based multi-sensor device for the detection of osteopontin

Doctoral Dissertation for PhD degree in Chemical and Biological Engineering

The state of art of biological processes in paternal care

This review of the state of art aimed to present the most recent data on neuronal, neurochemical, hormonal and genetic bases of paternal care using MEDLINE and PsycInfo databases (1970-2013). An integrated model of biological substrates that assist men in the transition to fatherhood is presented. Guided by a genetic background, hypothalamic-midbrain-limbic-paralimbic-cortical circuits were found to be activated in fathers when infant stimuli are presented. A set of specifi c neuropeptides and steroid hormones are produced and seem to be related to brain activation, potentiating the paternal phenotype. Together, genetic, brain and hormonal processes suggest the existence of biological bases of paternal care in humans, activated and enhanced by infant stimuli and responsive to variations in the father-infant relationship.

Experimental procedures for the identification of material properties of intervertebal disc - a contribution for the development of biomimetic substitutes for the nucleus pulposus

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Mecânica.

Optimização do processo de recolha de resíduos: desenvolvimento de ferramentas de investigação operacional para o problema de orientação de equipas com multi-restrições

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Industrial e de Sistemas.

Um modelo de planeamento económico aplicado ao sector agro-alimentar em Portugal: utilização da análise multi-objectivos.

Doutoramento em Economia.

Mejoramiento genético de especies forrajeras para ambientes diversos

La ganadería argentina tiene como uno de sus principales componentes de la alimentación a las pasturas cultivadas, tanto anuales como perennes. La expansión agrícola determinó el desplazamiento de parte de la ganadería nacional hacia zonas con restricciones edáficas y/o climáticas, necesitadas de nuevas tecnologías en pasturas. La genética permite abordar estos desafíos a través del desarrollo de cultivares de especies forrajeras adaptados a diversos ambientes. Instituciones nacionales han desarrollado y difundido los cultivares mas exitosos de las principales especies templadas existentes en el mercado nacional. En el caso de las especies megatérmicas, no existen cultivares nacionales y las demandas de la región son abastecidas por introducciones foráneas a veces no seleccionadas en ambientes restrictivos. Esto pone en evidencia que el mejoramiento genético de especies megatérmicas es una clara vacancia de instituciones nacionales y privadas del país. En este contexto, el Proyecto del INTA AEFP 261821 PE Mejoramiento genético de especies forrajeras para ambientes diversos tiene como objetivo general incrementar la productividad, la calidad y/o la persistencia de las pasturas cultivadas a través del desarrollo de cultivares forrajeros adaptados a los distintos ambientes y sistemas de producción. En particular, a su vez, tiene como objetivo generar poblaciones o clones de Chloris gayana y Cenchrus ciliaris, mejorados por su tolerancia al estrés abiótico, mayor productividad y digestibilidad de la materia seca. Si bien la digestibilidad es de importancia central, no es el único factor de calidad que gobierna el producto animal. El valor nutritivo del forraje depende de sus constituyentes químicos, del consumo y la digestibilidad y la implementación de estrategias de selección para mejorar la calidad solo se logra si se comprende el rol de cada constituyente celular en la nutrición animal. Debido a la escasa disponibilidad de muestra, tipo de forrajeras (megatérmicas) y a la necesidad de realizar un screening comparativo se utilizará la técnica in situ (desaparición ruminal de la materia seca). En este proyecto el Laboratorio de Forrajes de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la UCC actuará como contraparte de la Institución Cooperante asumiendo la ejecución del objetivo de evaluar caracteres de calidad de las forrajeras estudiadas

Estudios genético-poblacionales en especies de interés sanitario

Se reúnen en esta presentación tres proyectos relacionados que vienen desarrollándose desde hace varios años con subsidios independientes de ese Consejo. Los tres refieren a estudios genético poblacionales de especies de interés sanitario. Los temas son los siguientes: Tema I. Estudios de poblaciones de roedores Cricétidos. Tema II. Estudios de variabilidad genética en Aedes albifasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae). Tema III. Estudios de polimorfismo enzimático en aislamientos de Trypanosoma cruzi. En todos los casos se obtendrán muestras de poblaciones en distintas regiones del país y en ellas se realizará: a) análisis de polimorfismo enzimático detectable mediante técnicas de electroforesis en geles. b) Determinación de frecuencias alélicas, proporción de loci polimórficos y heterocigosis media por locus. c) Cálculo de Nm, estimador del grado de intercambio génico entre poblaciones de una especie. d) Cálculo de distancia genética y similitud entre poblaciones. e) Amplificación de DNA mitocondrial (tema II) y DNA quinetoplástico de minicírculos (tema III) y posterior caracterización por RFLP y sondas de DNAc.