996 resultados para 7140-234


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This paper presents a study of the three-dimensional flow field within the blade rows of a high-pressure axial flow steam turbine stage. Half-delta wings were fixed to a rotating hub to simulate an upstream rotor passage vortex. The flow field is investigated in a Low-Speed Research Turbine using pneumatic and hot-wire probes downstream of the blade row. The paper examines the impact of the delta wing vortex transport on the performance of the downstream blade row. Steady and unsteady numerical simulations were performed using structured 3D Navier-Stokes solver to further understand the flow field. The loss measurements at the exit of the stator blade showed an increase in stagnation pressure loss due to the delta wing vortex transport. The increase in loss was 21% of the datum stator loss, demonstrating the importance of this vortex interaction. The transport of the stator viscous flow through the rotor blade row is also described. The rotor exit flow was affected by the interaction between the enhanced stator passage vortex and the rotor blade row. Flow underturning near the hub and overturning towards the mid-span was observed, contrary to the classical model of overturning near the hub and underturning towards the mid-span. The unsteady numerical simulation results were further analysed to identify the entropy producing regions in the unsteady flow field.

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多细胞趋磁原核生物(Multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes,MMPs) 是一类由7~45 个含有磁小体的革兰氏阴性细胞聚集而成的球形或者椭圆形 的细胞聚集体,是研究生命起源与进化、细胞分化和生物矿化的模式生物, 目前仅在大西洋沿岸具有一定盐度的层化水体或沉积物中发现。 本文通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜研究了黄海沉积物MMPs 的超微结 构、运动特点和分裂方式等生物学特征,调查了MMPs 的生态分布特征,并 对其尝试培养。 根据形态差别,黄海沉积物的MMPs 可分为花瓣型MMPs(rosette-like MMPs)、菠萝型MMPs(pineapple-like MMPs)和松球型MMPs(pinecone-like MMPs)。花瓣型MMPs 是由23±4 个卵圆形的细胞螺旋形排列而成的球形聚 集体,直径为5.4±0.8 μm,鞭毛周生。细胞内外膜附近有子弹头形/和方形的 铁氧化物型磁小体。菠萝型MMPs 是由39±9 个方形细胞组成的大小为9.6±1.2 μm ×7.8±0.9 μm 的椭圆形聚集体,鞭毛周生。这类MMPs 由多环细胞组成的, 从椭圆体的赤道面向两极,细胞环的直径变小;在每一环内,细胞像书本似 并列相连;相邻两环的细胞为交错式相连。这种结构比花瓣型MMPs 的更为 紧密。菠萝型MMPs 的磁小体均为子弹头形铁氧化物,磁小体的排列与MMPs 的长轴近似平行。松球型MMPs 是由多个长条形的细胞围绕中心的一个凹陷 辐射排列而成的球形聚集体,直径在9.0~14.2 μm 之间。尼罗红和DAPI 染 色发现三种MMPs 均具有脂类颗粒,花瓣型MMPs 和菠萝型MMPs 在聚集体 的表面具有一层外膜,这说明MMPs 的细胞排列具有高度组织性,在一定程 度证明它属于多细胞生物。 花瓣型MMPs 和菠萝型MMPs 分裂时均保持多细胞形式,但花瓣型 MMPs 沿着聚集体的短轴分开,而菠萝型MMPs 沿着长轴分开。两种MMPs 具有MMPs 典型的逃逸运动,花瓣型MMPs 和菠萝型MMPs 的运动速度分别 为55±26 μm/s 和99±50 μm/s。 黄海花瓣型MMPs 的超微结构、运动方式和分裂特点与大西洋沿岸多个 地区发现的MMPs 相似,花瓣型MMPs 可能是MMPs 的优势类群。菠萝型 MMPs 从整体形态、细胞排列和分裂方式上与花瓣型MMPs 显著不同,是一 类新的MMPs。松球型MMPs 是一类尚未报道的MMPs。 对MMPs 的生态分布调查发现,花瓣型MMPs 广泛分布于砂质沉积物中, 最大丰度出现在氧化还原跃层(redoxcline)。菠萝型MMPs 多分布在砾石沉 积物的表层。两种MMPs 占据不同的生态位,暗示着两者可能具有不同的生 理代谢途径。 对MMPs 的培养发现,在实验室内MMPs 可存活8 个月,MMPs 丰度随 着时间变化出现周期性的变化,推测其繁殖周期可能是10~15 天。 本文为太平洋沿岸MMPs 的首次研究,支持MMPs 在全球广泛分布的观 点,并展示了MMPs 的形态多样性。

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目的探讨大蹼铃蟾蛋白提取物对膀胱癌细胞株的 抑制作用及对端粒酶的影响。方法采用肿瘤细胞培养方 法,检测大蹼铃蟾蛋白提取物对膀胱癌细胞株."%、/01’)+、 234/56的抑制作用;以.&-7’78&’9:02-方法检测大蹼铃 蟾蛋白提取物对膀胱癌细胞株端粒酶表达的影响。结果 大蹼铃蟾蛋白提取物表现出对膀胱癌细胞株有较强的抑制 作用;对膀胱癌细胞株端粒酶表达则无影响。结论大蹼铃 蟾蛋白提取物对多个膀胱癌细胞株具有直接细胞杀伤作用, 其作用机制不通过抑制端粒酶活性。

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利用逆转录与聚合酶链反应相结合的RT-PCR法,扩增出竹叶青蛇毒凝血酶样酶(TSV-TEL1)的cDNA;将扩增的cDNA片段克隆入pGEM-T载体中,经末端终止法测定核苷酸序列,推导出竹叶青蛇毒凝血酶样酶的全序列。竹叶青毒凝血酶样酶由234个氨基酸组成并含有1个位于Asn~(20)的N-型糖基结合位点。竹叶青蛇毒凝血酶样酶序列与其它蛇种来源凝血酶样酶具有较大相似性,其与黄绿烙铁头蛇毒凝血酶样酶序列相似度为84%,与美洲矛头蝮蛇毒凝血酶样酶序列相似度为68%,而与牛凝血酶B链序列相似度仅为25%。

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利用逆转录酶与聚合酶链反应相结合的 RT-PCR 法, 扩增出5个竹叶青(Trimeresurus stejnegeri)蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶的 cDNAs; 将扩增的 cDNA 片段克隆入 pGEM-T 载体中, 筛选得到它们的基因, 分别命名为TSSP-1、TSSP-2、TSSP-3、TSSP-4 和 TSSP-5. 经末端终止法测定核苷酸序列, 推导出5个丝氨酸蛋白酶的全序列; 结合纯化的蛋白酶N-末端序列测定结果, 推导 TSSP 2、3和4分别编码凝血酶样酶 stejnobin、纤溶酶 stejnefibrase 1和2. 5个丝氨酸蛋白酶分别含有1~6个N-型糖基结合位点, 表明它们的计算分子量与纯化蛋白表观分子量之间的差异是由糖含量的不同造成, 而其氨基酸序列相似度在60%-90%, TSSP-1 和-2编码的成熟蛋白酶山236个氨基酸残基组成, TSSP-3, -4 和 -5的则山234个氨基酸残基组成, TSSP-1编码的蛋白酶在组成丝氨酸蛋白酶三联体催化活性中心产生了 His~(41)-Arg~(41)的在然突变, 这与其他自然界发现的丝氨酸蛋白酶明显不同。

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A novel plasminogen activator from Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom (TSV-PA) has been identified and purified to homogeneity. It is a single chain glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 33,000 and an isoelectric point of pH 5.2. It specifically activates plasminogen through an enzymatic reaction. The activation of human native GIu-plasminogen by TSV-PA is due to a single cleavage of the molecule at the peptide bond Arg(561)-Val-(562). Purified TSV-PA, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of several tripeptide p-nitroanilide substrates, does not activate nor degrade prothrombin, factor X, or protein C and does not clot fibrinogen nor show fibrino(geno)lytic activity in the absence of plasminogen. The activity of TSV-PA was readily inhibited by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and by p-nitrophenyl-p-guanidinobenzoate. Oligonucleotide primers designed on the basis of the N-terminal and the internal peptide sequences of TSV-PA were used for the amplification of cDNA fragments by polymerase chain reaction. This allowed the cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding TSV-PA from a cDNA library prepared from the venom glands. The deduced complete amino acid sequence of TSV-PA indicates that the mature TSV-PA protein is composed of 234 amino acids and contains a single potential N-gIycosylation site at Asn(1G1). The sequence of TSV-PA exhibits a high degree of sequence identity with other snake venom proteases: 66% with the protein C activator from Aghistrodon contortrix contortrix venom, 63% with batroxobin, and 60% with the factor V activator from Russell's viper venom. On the other hand, TSV-PA shows only 21-23% sequence similarity with the catalytic domains of u-PA and t-PA. Furthermore, TSV-PA lacks the sequence site that has been demonstrated to be responsible for the interaction of t-PA (KHRR) and u-PA (RRHR) with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1.