WATER-SOLUBLE AND AMPHIPHILIC POLYMERS .7. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL COMB-TYPE AMPHIPHILIC POLYMER PAMC16S

A novel comb-like amphiphilic polymer, poly (2-acrylamidohexadecylsulfonic acid) (PAMC16S), was synthesized by free radical polymerization of the corresponding amphiphilic monomer in 1,4-dioxane-water mixed solvents. Depending on the ratio of water/dioxane in the solvent, the reaction proceeded by either precipitation polymerization or micellar polymerization. The molecular weight of the polymer obtained under similar conditions decreased and subsequently increased with the increase of water content in the mixed solvent. The polyion nature of PAMC16S was confirmed by viscosity data of ethanolic solutions. In addition, the polymer was characterized by solubility, IR, TG and wide angle X-ray diffraction methods.

三价稀土离子半径对LnBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)化合物的结构及超导电性的影响

合成了LnBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)(Ln=La,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy,Er,Yb)系列化合物,通过XRD,XPS第手段研究了Ln(Ⅲ)离子半径对LnBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)化合物的结构及超导性的影响。Ln(Ⅲ)离子的固有磁矩(或4f电子)并不影响LnBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)化合物的超导电性,但是,Ln(Ⅲ)离子的大小却显著影响LnBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)化合物的微观结构(尤其是对Cu_2周围环境的影响)。XPS结果表明:尽管Cu_(2P3)/2的峰未劈裂,但Cu的结合能随Ln原子序数增加而明显增加,我们认为Cu_1和Cu_2都具有变价,介于2—3之间。

杂质元素Si、Ca对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导性的影响

通过对含有 Si,Ca 等非稀土杂质的 YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)氧化物超导体的 J_c,T_c测量、X 射线粉末衍射和扫描电镜等微结构分析、热重分析和热机械分析铜价态和氧含量的化学分析以及材料稳定性的测试等,发现杂质 Ca 有利于提高材料的 J_c,增强其结构质点间的怍用力,降低材料在空气中的失氧量,提高稳定性;杂质Si 的作用则与 Ca 的作用相反。

YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)超导体激光改性的研究

研究了利用激光对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)块材进行改性处理。经激光熔融的YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)样品分解成BaCuO_2和Y_2Cu_2O_5。熔融样品在O_2中退火后,经过氧的连接又生成YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x)超导体,说明O_4在123相中不仅起了耦合Cu_1与Cu_2层对超导电性起作用,而且起了支撑晶体结构的作用。经激光改性后的样品,晶粒细化均匀,有序化程度提高,改善了弱连接,其临界电流密度比处理前提高了一倍。而且未烧结的混合样品经激光改性后,变成超导体,T_c=93K,J_c～100A/cm~2有可能为制备超导带材和线材的一个方法。

YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)的磁敏特性

本文使用YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)块试制了高T_c超导磁敏元件.研究了电极对磁敏元件输出的影响,及液氮温区磁敏元件的输出电压与磁场的关系.研究结果表明高T_c超导磁敏元件在弱磁场下有较高的灵敏度,有可能在弱磁场检测方面得到应用.

RBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)的结构和某些性质的变化趋势

本文用X射线衍射、碘量法,扫描电镜等手段系统地研究了RBa_2Cu_3O_7-δ[R=La、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy、Er、Yb、(DyYb)]化合物的结构和某些性质(如氧含量、Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+)等)随稀土离子半径的变化规律。发现随着稀土离子半径的减少,晶胞参数(a、b、c、v)几乎线性降低,Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+)(％)、氧含量(7-δ)、正交畸变(a-b)几乎线性增加,XRD图谱中001峰加强,SEM像中晶形更加完整。

银对提高YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)超导体临界电流密度J_c的作用

对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y):Ag_x超导体的性质进行了研究。该体系有较低的正常态电阻。XRD分析表明,在x<0.2时,该体系为正交结构。随Ag含量的增加,123相的α轴与b轴无明显改变,而c轴增加。X=1.5时,c轴增加了0.33％,表明有部分Ag进入123相晶胞。SEM研究表明,YBa_2Cu_3O_(7_y):Ag_x超导体晶粒细化均匀,晶粒间形成网状结构,改善了弱连接,使其临界电流密度J_c从50A/cm~2提高到572A/cm~2。

Y_(1-x)Ca_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)超导材料的研究

研究了Y_(1-x)Ca_xBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)系超导材料,当x≤0.15时,钙离子部分置换了123相中钇离子而形成固溶体,导致正交相晶胞参数稍微增大。钙含量增加,三价铜的含量上升,T_c却下降。由于钙离子取代钇离子后主要影响邻近的Cu(2)-O层的性质,这说明Cu(2)-O层的性质对超导电性起了很重要的作用。

YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-Y)超导体激光熔凝处理的研究

利用CO_2激光对YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-Y)块材进行熔凝处理后,证明可逆反应式YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-Y)(?)Y_2Cu_2O_5+4BaCuO_2成立,在结构上消除了孔洞等缺陷,使晶粒细化均匀,有序化程度及致密度提高,有效地提高了材料的临界电流密度J_c,从而提出用CO_2激光制备高温超导体YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-y)超导体块材、带材及线材实用化的新工艺.

Ln_xYb_(1-x)Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)(Ln=La 或 Nd)的结构和超导电性的研究

本文系统地研究了轻稀土元素 La、Nd 等部分取代 YbBa_2Cu_3O(7-δ)化合物中的 Yb 对结构和超导电性所产生的影响。少量(约0.1摩尔比)轻稀土元素可有效抑制 YbBa_2Cu_3O(7-δ)化合物中杂相的生成,提高体系中 Cu~(3+)/Cu~(2+)之值。

Pr的部分取代对LnBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)超导电性的影响

本文合成了 Pr_xLn_(1-x)Ba_2Cu_3O(7-δ)系列化合物,讨论了稀土离子的价态、半径对超导电性及结构正交性的影响。

Ba_2Pr_xLn_(1-x)Cu_3O_(7-δ)(Ln=Y,Nb,Yb,0≤X≤1)体系中Cu-O链及Cu-O层对超导作用的探讨

本文合成了 Ba_2P_(rx)Ln_(1-x)Cu_3O_(7-δ)系列化合物,测量了它们的超导电性(Tc),当 x=0.1,T_c(L_n=Y)=78.5K,T_c(Yd)=88K、T_c(Nd)<77K。晶胞参数及正交畸变与组成的变化图表明稀土元素的离子半径影响显著,讨论了 Ba_2LnCu_3O(7-δ)体系中 Cu-O 链、Cu-O 层及 Cu~(3+)对超导电性的作用,当 Ln 的价态界于三、四价之间时(如Pr),四价的成份越多,Cu~(3+)的量就越少,虽然正交畸变很大,但 T_c 降低。

Molecular cloning and stress-dependent expression of a gene encoding Delta(12)-fatty acid desaturase in the Antarctic microalga Chlorella vulgaris NJ-7

The psychrotrophic Antarctic alga, Chlorella vulgaris NJ-7, grows under an extreme environment of low temperature and high salinity. In an effort to better understand the correlation between fatty acid metabolism and acclimation to Antarctic environment, we analyzed its fatty acid compositions. An extremely high amount of Delta(12) unsaturated fatty acids was identified which prompted us to speculate about the involvement of Delta(12) fatty acid desaturase in the process of acclimation. A full-length cDNA sequence, designated CvFAD2, was isolated from C. vulgaris NJ-7 via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RACE methods. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that the gene was homologous to known microsomal Delta(12)-FADs with the conserved histidine motifs. Heterologous expression in yeast was used to confirm the regioselectivity and the function of CvFAD2. Linoleic acid (18:2), normally not present in wild-type yeast cells, was detected in transformants of CvFAD2. The induction of CvFAD2 at an mRNA level under cold stress and high salinity is detected by real-time PCR. The results showed that both temperature and salinity motivated the upregulation of CvFAD2 expression. The accumulation of CvFAD2 increased 2.2-fold at 15A degrees C and 3.9-fold at 4A degrees C compared to the alga at 25A degrees C. Meanwhile a 1.7- and 8.5-fold increase at 3 and 6% NaCl was detected. These data suggest that CvFAD2 is the enzyme responsible for the Delta(12) fatty acids desaturation involved in the adaption to cold and high salinity for Antarctic C. vugaris NJ-7.

5,7-Dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-azocin-2-one from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp.

In the course of a screening program, we have isolated the new natural product, 5,7-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroazocin-2(IH)-one (1), from the staurosporine producing marine-derived Streptomyces sp. strain QD518. Here we report the isolation and structure elucidation of 1 and the artifacts 3 and 4 resulting from I by acid catalyzed intra- and inter-molecular reactions.