沈阳张士灌区常见木本植物镉积累特征

[目的]研究沈阳张士灌区几种常见木本植物对镉的积累特征。[方法]以位于沈阳市张士灌区的德胜乡苗圃为研究样地,比较分析6种木本植物对镉的吸收和累积特性以及对土壤镉的去除能力。[结果]木本植物对土壤中镉的吸收在分类学上表现出规律性差异,即杨、柳>杏、李>刺槐、侧柏。镉在木本植物组织或器官中的分布特征为:根系镉含量低于茎叶,木质部镉含量低于叶片和韧皮部;杨、柳地上部的镉富集系数高(分别为2.19和6.23),在土壤中镉的平均含量为4.56 mg/kg的情况下,每年至少可分别累积20.20和32.68mg/m2的镉,分别占土壤总镉量的1.64%和2.66%。[结论]杨树和柳树是较为理想的修复张士灌区污染土壤的植物种类。

天然色素生产废水的生物处理研究

天然色素生产废水是一种色度大、难处理的高浓度有机废水,为了寻找该废水的有效处理方法,本文作者采用由升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)、生物接触氧化、混凝吸附组成的废水处理工艺,对该废水进行了处理试验,结果表明,对稀释4倍的原水,当进水COD为14900mg/L左右时,UASB经过36h的水力停留时间,COD的去除率为58.2%～60.2%、出水色度为180～270倍,SS为119～126mg/L,pH值为6.5～6.8;UASB出水经过24h好氧生物接触氧化反应,COD的去除率超过90%,SS<70mg/L;最终经过Ca(ClO)2氧化和煤渣吸附深度处理,脱色可至无色,出水COD为200mg/L以下。UASB生物接触氧化氧化吸附组合处理工艺处理该类天然色素生产废水是可行的。

西气东输河南至上海工程段沿线土壤扰动及其对农田生态系统的影响

通过对西气东输工程河南—上海段沿线的土壤和植被进行勘察、取样和测试,分析同一地点作业带和非作业带的土壤质量状况、农作物的生长对比情况,进而分析工程施工过程中对土壤扰动的情况,及其给农田生态系统带来的影响。结果表明,在施工过程中,机械装置对土壤产生的压实效应及弃土弃渣的推放等,对土壤生态环境带来一定的破坏,土壤质量有不同程度的下降,进而影响了作物的生长,使相关的生态系统也遭到不同程度的破坏。提出了应加大对作业带土壤有机肥(尤其是作物秸秆)的施用,以改善、恢复和提高土壤生态环境质量。

用原生质体融合技术选育2－酮基－L－古龙酸高产菌株的研究

对革兰氏阳性的地衣芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）Ｈ１９和革兰氏阴性的２－酮基－Ｌ－古龙酸产生菌Ｓ１９的原生质体的制备条件进行了研究，并采用聚乙二醇作诱导剂进行了两菌株的原生质体融合，用链霉素作为抗性标记对融合子进行了选择。从１７株产生２－酮基－Ｌ－古龙酸的融合子中选出了一株连续传代八次产酸高且产量稳定的融合子１５号。融合子１５号具有两个亲本菌株所具有的一些特性。

车载容迟网络中一种基于真实轨迹的车辆移动模型

车辆移动模型的选择会严重影响车载容迟网络中关键技术的仿真研究结果.现有车辆移动模型大多属于合成移动模型,不符合真实环境.基于车辆真实移动轨迹建立车辆移动模型,考虑了道路拓扑选择、车辆速度控制、车辆初始位置选择以及路口转向选择等因素.在此基础上,进一步分析了模型对实际车辆行为模拟的接近程度、车辆的分布特性,以及基于该模型的网络连接特性.结果表明,提出的模型能够真实地逼近现实环境中车辆的实际行为.

经济全球化下的区域经济空间结构演化研究评述

近50年以来,交通与通讯技术的迅猛发展使以往许多限制生产活动区位选择的本地化生产要素丧失了固有的垄断性,国际金融市场自由化降低了资本流通的障碍,标准化生产减少了对工人特殊技能的依赖,因此跨国公司可以在全球范围组织生产活动,但是技术创新和知识创新又极大地突出了地区企业集聚、地区创新环境的重要性。因此在经济全球化时期,生产活动的空间区位呈现出复杂的集聚或扩散趋势,区域经济空间结构表现为特殊的形式和规律。在最近20年的地理学研究中,出现了大量关于经济全球化时代区域空间结构的讨论。以跨国公司对生产活动空间区位的影响为主线,对近10年来国内外关于经济全球化时期区域空间结构研究的主要热点问题和观点予以综述。

农业干旱风险评估研究综述

对农业干旱风险致险性、脆弱性及损失模型等方面进行了深入系统的回顾与评述,阐述了农业干旱风险研究的前沿领域和学术问题,展望了农业干旱风险未来的发展趋势:农业干旱致险性评估的关键是构建合适的干旱指标,目前干旱评估指标很多,大致可分为水分变异程度指标、干旱发展过程指标和干旱空间差异指标三类,但多数指标对农业干旱成灾过程反映不足,在评估方法上对农业干旱灾害机理认识不深入,成为了农业致险性评估的瓶颈;农业干旱脆弱性通常决定着农业干旱风险的高低,其中,灌溉能力、技术、资金等是影响农业脆弱性高低的重要因子,而定量刻画农

太阳辐射对长白山阔叶红松林净生态系统碳交换的影响

太阳辐射是植物进行光合作用的前提条件,因此成为影响植被吸收大气CO2的重要环境因子。该研究基于30min通量和常规气象数据,以相对辐射和晴空指数为指标,分析了2003～2006年生长旺季(6～8月)太阳辐射的改变对长白山阔叶红松(Pinuskoraiensis)林净生态系统碳交换(Netecosystemexchange,NEE)的影响。结果表明:天空有一定云层的覆盖对阔叶红松林碳的净吸收有明显的促进作用。4年里6～8月间生态系统最大光合速率在天空有云覆盖时较晴空条件下分别提高了34%、25%、4%和11

磺化POSS的合成及其与聚电解质的组装

合成了具有立方笼状结构的磺化八苯取代倍半硅氧烷(SOPS),经红外光谱(FTIR)及核磁共振波谱(NMR)分析,确认了产物的结构。用携带负电荷的SOPS与聚丙烯胺(PAH)进行层层组装,制备了纳米复合超薄膜。

Studies on the components of crude and processed Fructus Corni by ESI-MSn

The components of crude and processed Fructus Corni were investigated by means of electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry(ESI-MSn) technique in the negative ion mode. Compared with those of crude Fructus Corni, the chemical components of the processed Fructus Corni were changed both in quality and in quantity. From the ESI-MS spectra of the crude and processed Fructus Corni, six peaks were selected to establish the characteristic ESI-MS peaks. Several factors in the processing procedure were examined.

Vertical structure p-type permeable metal-base organic transistors based on N,N '-diphentyl-N,N '-bis(1-naphthylphenyl)-1,1 '-biphenyl-4,4 '-diamine

In this article, vertical structure p-type permeable-base organic transistors were proposed and demonstrated. A hole-type organic semiconductor N,N-'-diphentyl-N,N-'-bis(1-naphthylphenyl)-1,1(')-biphenyl-4,4(')-diamine was used as emitter and collector. In the permeable-base transistors, the metal base was formed by firstly coevaporating Al and Ca in vacuum and then annealing at 120 degrees C for 5 min in air, followed by a thin Al deposition. These devices show a common-base current gain of near 1.0 and a common-emitter current gain of similar to 270.

Structure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg-Gd based alloy sheet

The Mg-8Gd-2Y-1Nd-0.3Zn-0.6Zr (wt.%) alloy sheet was prepared by hot extrusion technique, and the structure and mechanical properties of the extruded alloy were investigated. The results show that the alloy in different states is mainly composed of alpha-Mg solid solution and secondary phases of Mg5RE and Mg24RE5 (RE = Gd, Y and Nd). At aging temperatures from 200 degrees C to 300 degrees C the alloy exhibits obvious age-hardening response. Great improvement of mechanical properties is observed in the peak-aged state alloy (aged at 200 degrees C for 60 h), the ultimate tensile strength (sigma(b)), tensile yield strength (sigma(0.2)) and elongation (epsilon) are 376 MPa, 270 MPa and 14.2% at room temperature (RT), and 206 MPa. 153 MPa and 25.4% at 300 degrees C, respectively, the alloy exhibits high thermal stability.

Temperature and pressure dependence of phase separation of trans-decahydronaphthalene/polystyrene solution

The cloud-point temperatures (T-c1's) of ti-ans-decahydronaphthalene (TD)/polystyrene (PS, M-w = 270 kg/mol) solutions were determined by fight scattering measurements over a range of temperatures (1-16 degreesC), pressures (100-900 bar), and compositions (4.2-21.6 vol% polymer). The system phase separates upon cooling and the T-c1 was found to increase with the rising pressure for the constant composition. In the absence of special effects this finding indicates positive excess volumes. The special attention was paid to the demixing temperatures as a function of the pressure for the different polymer solutions and the plots in the T-volume fraction plane and P-volume fraction plane. The cloud-point curves of polymer solutions under changing pressures were observed for different compositions, demonstrates that the TD/PS system exhibits UCST (phase separation upon cooling) behavior. With this data the phase diagrams under pressure were calculated applying the Sanchez-Lacombe (SL) lattice fluid theory. Furthermore, the cause of phase separation, i.e., the influence of Flory-Huggins (FH) interaction parameter under pressure was investigated.