长白山森林生态系统中的稀有和濒危多孔菌

In last 10 years,extensive field inventories were carried out to investigate Polypore species, the major wood decaying fungi in the Changbaishan Nature Reserve of Northeastern China. The following 27 species were treated as rare or threathened species: Amylocystis lapponica (Romell) Singer, Anomoporia albolutescens (Romell) Pouzar, Anomoporia bombycina (Fr.) Pouzar, Anomoporia vesiculosa Y.C. Dai & Niemel, Antrodia carbonica (Overh.) Ryvarden & Gilb., Antrodia crassa (P. Karst.) Ryvarden, Antrodiella citrinella Niemel & Ryvarden, Diplomitoporus flavescens (Bres.) Dománski, Donkioporia expansa (Desm.) Kotl. & Pouzar, Gloeophyllum carbonarium (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Ryvarden, Haploporus odorus (Sommerf.) Bondartsev & Singer, Inonotopsis subiculosa (Peck) Parmasto, Nigroporus ussuriensis (Bondartsev & Ljub.) Y.C. Dai & Niemela, Oxyporus sinensis X.L. Zeng, Parmastomyces taxi (Bondartsev) Y.C. Dai & Niemela, Phellinidium sulphurascens (Pilat) Y.C. Dai, Phellinus vaninii Ljub., Polyporus vassilievae Thorn, Pycnoporellus fulgens (Fr.) Donk, Skeletocutis brevispora Niemela, Skeletocutis ochroalba Niemela, Skeletocutis perennis Ryvarden, Trechispora candidissima (Schwein.) Bondartsev & Singer, Wolfiporia dilatohypha Ryvarden & Gilb., Wolfiporia curvispora Y.C. Dai, Wrightoporia avellanea (Bres.) Pouzar and Wrightoporia lenta (Oveh. & J. Lowe) Pouzar. Polypores are richer in East Asia than in Europe and North America, not only because of destructive galciations and fewer hosts in the latters, but also because of the geography. NE Asia is a link between Europe and North America. Changbaishan Nature Reserve is very rich in polypores, and over 260 species were recorded in the reserve. Some rare species in North America and Europe, for instance, Anomoporia albolutescens, Antrodia crassa, Diplomitoporus flavescens, Inonotopsis subiculosa and Skeletocutis ochroalba etc. were found in Changbaishan Nature Reserve as well, and these species are in fact rare in the earth. Most of the 27 species occurred on fallen trunks or rotten wood in the reserve, but some of them grew on living trees. 18 species occured on substrate of gymnosperms, and 9 species grew on wood of angiosperm.Among the 27 species, 7 species caused a brown rot,and 20 species produced a white rot. The morphology, substrate and ecology of each species were briefly discussed. The most important tool for polypore conservation is the conservation of their habitats, and it is necessary to study the ecology of the rare and threathened species of polypores in the Changbaishan Nature Reserve. Because most of polypores live on the substrate of fallen trunks and rotten wood, it is very important to keep such substrate in the ecosystem.

Reduction of NO by CH4 with microwave heating

The reduction of NO by CH4 in the presence of excess O-2 over Co/HZSM-5, Ni/HZSM-5 and Mn/HZSM-5 catalysts with microwave heating was studied. By comparing the activities of the catalysts in the microwave heating mode with that in the conventional reaction mode, it was demonstrated that microwave heating could greatly reduce the reaction temperature, and could clearly expand the temperature window of the catalysts. Especially for the Co/HZSM-5 catalyst, the maximum conversion of NO to N-2 in the conventional reaction mode was consistent with that in the microwave heating mode. However, the temperature window for the maximum conversion in the microwave heating mode was from 260 to 360degreesC instead of a temperature of 420degreesC in the conventional reaction mode. The results suggest that microwave heating has a novel effect in the reduction of NO.

大孔隙和优先水流及其对污染物在土壤中迁移行为的影响

本文研究了冻融和干湿交替过程对土壤大孔隙及由其导致的优先水流形成的作用，以及表面活性剂直链烷基苯磺酸盐（LAS）在水稻和大豆土壤中的优先迁移。结果表明，冻融和干湿交替均可使土壤产生大孔隙和优先水流，而且前者的作用比后者强，LAS在1．5m水稻土体和大豆土体的优先穿透时间均为23天，而优先穿透淋洗水量却相差甚大，前者为69mm，后者仅为9mm。优先迁移过程不受土壤吸附／解吸过程的制约。受土壤吸附／解吸过程制约的平衡穿透淋洗水量，水稻系统和大豆系统分别185mm和178mm，两者很为接近。在水稻和大豆土壤，LAS的优先穿透时间比平衡穿透时间分别提前了21天和35天。优先穿透峰浓度在大豆系统可达平衡穿透峰浓度的20％～30％，在水稻系统则高达30％～86％。在没有大孔隙的填充土柱中，观察不到这种优先迁移的现象。

卷盘式喷灌机技术经济实例分析

针对近年来国内引进、应用、研制、开发卷盘式喷灌机的热潮 ,本研究对1996年进口的卷盘式喷灌机实际应用情况做了实地调查 ,选取沈阳市于洪区购进的卷盘式喷灌机项目作为技术经济分析实例 ,计算和分析了不同作物和不同价格时的技术经济指标 ,供有关部门进行推广和国产化研制时参考

辽宁省豆科结瘤植物及其根瘤菌资源调查

Liaoning province is located in the Northeast of China, with special topographic features.The pea plants in Liaoning Province distribute extensively.We have seperated and collected 260 samples of rihzobia,including 53 species of 26 genera of pea plants and found that the growth condition of rihzobium was associated with the climate and topographic features.This paper provides original information and important data about the pea plants and the rihzobia in Liaoning Province.

不同灌水量和灌水周期对滴灌马铃薯生长及产量的影响

通过对不同灌水量及不同灌水间隔时间的马铃薯生长状况进行大田滴灌试验,研究马铃薯适宜的灌水定额及灌水周期,以求达到节水、增产的目的。试验结果表明:马铃薯滴灌时,灌水量越大,灌水周期越短,株高越高;茎粗开始衰减的时间比株高要早十几天,且衰减幅度比株高要大。灌水周期最短的处理茎粗却并不是最大,在180 m3/hm2的灌水定额下,灌水周期为5天的处理茎粗值最大。在相同的灌水量下,灌水间隔时间越短的处理马铃薯淀粉含量越高。灌水定额越小,灌水周期对产量的影响就越大;而当灌水定额一定时,灌水周期越短,产量越高;灌水定额为90 m3/hm2,灌水周期为3天的处理产量最高,为28 260 kg/hm2,比7天1灌的处理每公顷产量高出达10 350 kg。

中国水源保护林生态系统功能评价与营建技术体系

揭示了水源保护林的内涵 ,阐述了我国 7大水源保护林体系的布局及其涵养水源的效应机理 ,分析了水源保护林覆被率、林分结构、空间位置等功能扰动内部因子 ,及人为活动、火灾、气候变化等功能扰动外部因子 ,对我国现阶段水源保护林的现状进行评价 ,在此基础上提出包括 5大营建技术子系统的水源保护林的营建技术体系和提高综合功能和生产力的分类经营管理方式。

计算流体力学教程

本书属于“中科院研究生院教材”系列。本书主要介绍计算流体力学中的有限差分算法和有限体积算法及它们的应用。全书共分上、下两篇：上篇共有8章，主要介绍差分算法理论基础；下篇共有6章，主要介绍差分算法应用研究和网格生成技术。为便于读者学习和应用，配书光盘包含配合各种算法的若干算例和用Fortran77和C语言编写的计算程序。本书强调基础、突出应用、关注最新进展。通过学习本书，读者能对计算流体力学有一个系统和深入的理解，并掌握扎实的理论基础和具备较强的解决实际问题的能力。 本书可作为力学、机械、航空航天、热能等专业及相关专业的研究生教学用书，以及高年级的本科生学习计算流体力学的教材，也可作为从事数值模拟的科研人员和工程技术人员的参考书。

JCA适配器基础开发框架的设计与实现

针对当前JCA适配器开发难度大、效率低问题,提出一种JCA资源适配器的基础开发框架。该框架运用良好的设计模式,抽取并实现JCA规范中的系统契约和应用契约的核心部分,从而使开发人员只需实现和具体企业信息系统密切相关的功能特性,给出一套基于该基础框架的开发工具进行适配器的开发。实验结果表明,该框架能够有效地提高适配器的开发效率和质量。

政府引导型企业合作的机制与空间效应分析:以海尔集团为例

随着全球竞争的加强、技术进步和创新的加快,企业合作成为企业应对全球竞争的重要战略选择。只有融入到或促进形成相对比较完善的企业联系网络中,企业才能获取到竞争优势。在企业联系网络形成过程中,作为区域创新环境的营造者与维护者,甚至是企业合作网络营造的奠基者,政府对于企业合作战略的选择具有重要的作用。尤其对于从计划经济向市场经济转型时期的中国,政府在提高地区竞争优势,促进企业联系网络形成方面发挥作用具有重要意义。文章通过运用行为者网络分析方法,将政府作为企业行为网络构成的重要因素,对政府引导型企业合作的机制与空间结果进行分析。最后以我国海尔集团为例,对之进行实证研究。

近300年来中国森林的变迁

以清代以来史料为依据,在现代清查统计资料和前人研究成果的基础上,通过对森林变迁大体趋势及主要过程的客观把握,重新校订了1949年和1700年前人的估算数据,回溯估算了1750～1900年中国各省区每50年森林面积与森林覆被率值,并与现代森林清查资料衔接,分析1700～1998年近300年来中国森林变迁的时空特征。结果表明:近300年来中国现境内共减少森林面积约0.95×108ha,森林覆被率减少9.2个百分点,变化曲线呈先抑后仰;以1960s为界,此前呈加速递减态势,260年间减少森林面积达1.66×10