Effects of reaction conditions on the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid on Mo-V-Te-Nb oxides

An effective Mo-1 V(0.3)Te(0.23)Nb(0.12)Ox catalysts for the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid was successfully prepared by using rotavap method. The catalyst was characterized by XRD and shown to contain (V0.07Mo0.93)(5)O-14, (Nb0.09Mo0.91)O-2.8,3MoO(2)(.)Nb(2)O(5), Mo5TeO16 and/or TeMo4O13, Te4Nb2O13 and a new TeMO (TeVMoO or TeVNbMoO; M = Mo, V and Nb) crystalline phase as the major phase. Regardless of the intrinsic catalytic characteristics of the catalyst, the external reaction conditions would have strong effects on the catalytic performance for propane oxidation. So in this paper, the effects of reaction conditions were investigated and discussed, including temperature, space velocity, V(air)/V(C3H8) ratio and V(steam)/V(C3H8) ratio. A stability test was also carried out on Mo1V0.3Te0.23Nb0.12Ox catalyst. The experimental run was performed during 100 h under the optimized reaction conditions. During the 100 h of operation, propane conversion and acrylic acid selectivity remained at about 59 and 64%, respectively. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

长白山阔叶红松林太阳辐射分光谱特征

根据对林冠上方和林下太阳辐射的观测及气象站资料,分析了长白山阔叶红松林太阳辐射分光谱特征.结果表明,长白山阔叶红松林区太阳总辐射、直接辐射、散射辐射的光合有效辐射系数有一定的日变化和年变化,年平均值分别为046、043、056.阔叶红松林中不同树种的单叶对于太阳总辐射的反射率、透射率、吸收率的平均值分别为270%、234%、496%.单叶的分光谱反射、透射和吸收的特点是,单叶对紫外辐射几乎全部吸收;对光合有效辐射的吸收也很大(718%),透射很小(96%),有一定的反射(186%);对近红外辐射、反射率和透射率接近吸收率小些(269%).林冠分光谱辐射特点是,可见光和紫外辐射主要被林冠吸收(939%、941%),有少量反射和透过;林冠对近红外辐射的吸收较大(592%),有一定的反射(263%),透过较少(144%).

Solid-state MAS NMR studies on the hydrothermal stability of the zeolite catalysts for residual oil selective catalytic cracking

By using the solid-state MAS NMR technique, the hydrothermal stabilities (under 100% steam at 1073 K) of HZSM-5 zeolites modified by lanthanum and phosphorus have been studied. They are excellent zeolite catalysts for residual oil selective catalytic cracking (RSCC) processes. It was indicated that the introduction of phosphorus to the zeolite via impregnation with orthophosphoric acid led to dealumination as well as formation of different Al species, which were well distinguished by Al-27 3Q MAS NMR. Meanwhile, the hydrothermal stabilities of the zeolites (P/HZSM-5, La-P/HZSM-5) were enhanced even after the samples were treated under severe conditions for a prolonged time. It was found that the Si-O-Al bonds were broken under hydrothermal conditions, while at the same time the phosphorous compounds would occupy the silicon sites to form (SiO)(x)Al(OP)(4 - x) species. With increasing time, more silicon sites around the tetrahedral coordinated Al in the lattice can be replaced till the aluminum is completely expelled from the framework. The existence of lanthanum can partially restrict the breaking of the Si-O-Al bonds and the replacement of the silicon sites by phosphorus, thus preventing dealumination under hydrothermal conditions. This was also proved by P-31 MAS NMR spectra. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

固氮树种在混交林中的作用研究Ⅱ.固氮树木叶部N、P养分动态特征

研究了 2 3种固氮与非固氮树种叶部N、P含量的季节变化、输出率以及叶片衰老过程中N、P的输出过程 .结果表明 ,供试树种叶部N、P含量均存在着明显的季节变化 ,平均变化率为 2 1～ 2 3% ,最大变化率出现在叶片衰老期 .在衰老期内不同树种表现出不同的N、P动态特征 .固氮树种表现出低输出率 ,落叶中N含量是非固氮树种的 1 .6～ 3.7倍 .固氮树种生长季叶部N含量在 2 .5%左右 .

基于TM的渤海海岸带1988~2000年生态环境变化

海岸带作为海陆之间的过渡地带,是全球生态环境最为复杂和特殊之处。研究海岸带土地利用变化对于了解该区域生态环境演变具有重要意义。利用1988和2000年的Landsat-TM数据,在GIS技术支持下,通过一系列空间分析,得到渤海海岸带土地利用/土地覆盖变化,结合社会经济统计资料分析该区域生态环境的动态变化情况及其驱动因素。结果表明,1988~2000年,由于渤海海岸带社会经济的快速发展,海岸带土地利用格局发生了巨大的变化。耕地大面积减少,城乡工矿用地、养殖池塘、盐田急剧扩张;林地、湿地等具有重要生态价值的土地类型面积显著下降。表明强烈的人类活动已经使自然生态系统受到破坏,渤海海岸带生态环境质量总体上呈现下降趋势。

水蚀条件下不同土壤氮素和有机质流失规律

人工模拟放水冲刷试验研究结果表明 ,随放水冲刷强度的增大 ,不同土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、有机质和全氮流失加剧 ,泥沙全氮和有机质富集程度减少 ;当给不同土壤施等量的硝酸铵时 ,发现随径流流失化肥的铵态氮和硝态氮分别占施入量的 0 .9%～ 3 .5 %和 8.2 %～ 19.7% ,硝酸铵主要随径流流失 ,以泥沙颗粒流失量甚微 ;土壤侵蚀、有机质和全氮流失量与 >2 0 μm团聚体相关系数分别为 -0 .893 5、-0 .792 8和 -0 .815 1,2 0 μm直径的团聚体是区分土壤有机质和全氮流失的标准

农业生态与土地退化的土壤微形态研究

简要地介绍了土壤微形态研究方法及其在农业生态与土地退化研究中的应用,并回顾了近20 a的国际土壤微形态研究的内容与进展。在过去的20 a中,土壤微形态学在概念、现象的解释、分析技术'以及应用上都取得了前所未有的进展。特别在样品脱水方法、荧光分析、图象处理及定量分析技术上得到很大的发展。植物根系与土壤微结构的关系,土壤改良对结构的影响等方面研究取得一定的成就。利用土壤微形态研究农业生态系统中的根系与根际的生态过程,作物对水分和养分的吸收过程,人为活动对土壤退化,熟化的微形态指标,以及利用微形态指标评价人为因素在现代土壤过程中的作用等,是土壤微形态研究的最新动态。

泥炭、风化煤改良风沙土促进樟子松幼苗生长的研究(英文)

利用盆栽试验,研究施入不同比例的泥炭、风化煤对风沙土的改良作用及其促进樟子松幼苗生长的效果,并初步分析了两种有机物料的作用机理。试验结果表明,泥炭和风化煤都显著地改良了风沙土的理化性质,随着施入量的增加,两者对风沙土的影响都表现出土壤pH值下降、持水量增加、养分含量提高,且泥炭的效果普遍比风化煤的效果要好;两者均促进了樟子松幼苗生长。不同含量的泥炭对促进樟子松幼苗生长(苗高、地径、根长、生物量)的效果表现为8%>10%>5%>2%>0。不同含量的风化煤对高生长的影响依次是5%>8%>10%>2%>0,对地径生长的影响依次为5%>8%>2%>10%>0,对生物量的影响依次为5%>2%>8%>10%>0。总的来看,泥炭的效果比风化煤好。结合樟子松在沙地中的生长特性,推断泥炭和风化煤中含有微量抑制樟子松生长的物质,并提出8%的泥炭与风沙土之比是促进沙地樟子松幼苗生长的最佳配比。

沙丁胺醇在家兔体内的时间药代动力学

沙丁胺醇（Ｓａｌ）抗哮喘作用的昼夜节律，可能与其在体内的药代动力学的昼夜差别有关。为此本文给家兔灌胃２ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１Ｓａｌ，用ＨＰＬＣ荧光检测１０：００ｈ和２２：００ｈ两个时间动物体内血药浓度。结果表明，Ｓａｌ的药动学参数存在明显的昼夜差别。Ｔｐ白天为（２．２８±０．２０）ｈ，夜间为（１．２５±０．３０）ｈ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＡＵＣ白天为（０．４１±０．０９）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ·ｈ，夜间为（０．３０±０．０５）ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ·ｈ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｔ１／２白天是（２．７２±０．２２）ｈ，夜间为（１．８６±０．１３）ｈ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｃｍａｘ昼夜无差别。

An Efficient Nanocrystalline La2O3:Tm3+ Blue Phosphor for Field-Emission Displays with High Color Purity

Nanocrystalline Tm3+-doped La2O3 phosphors were prepared through a Pechini-type sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and cathodoluminescence spectra were utilized to characterize the synthesized phosphors. Under the excitation of UV light (234 nm) and low-voltage electron beams (1-3 kV), the Tm3+-doped La2O3 phosphors show the characteristic emissions of Tm3+(D-1(2), (1)G(4)-F-3(4), H-3(6) transitions).

Investigation of 3,3 ',5,5 '-tetramethylbenzidine as colorimetric substrate for a peroxidatic DNAzyme

in this Work, the suitability of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine sulfate (TMB) as the substrate of a DNAzyme catalytic system composed of a guanine-quadruplex DNA molecule and hemin was investigated. In the presence of H2O2, the hemin-DNA complex catalyzes the oxidation of TMB to produce two colored products, much like a peroxidase. The color-generating activity of this system could be influenced by several factors such as buffer type, pH value, DNA sequence, reaction time, and concentrations of both the hemin and H2O2. To illustrate the utility of this catalytic system, we designed a colorimetric assay, in which a synthetic oligonucleotide with a sequence complementary to the G-quadruplex DNA was used as the target. A detection limit of 1.86 nM was obtained. Our data have shown that TMB was an excellent colorimetric indicator that reported the peoxidase activities of the widely studied hemin-G-quadruplex DNAzyme system.

Effect of Single- and co-Dopant on TL of Sr2Mg(BO3)(2) Phosphor

Sr2Mg(BO3)(2) thermoluminescence (TL) phosphor was synthesized by a high temperature solid state reaction and the effect of Li+, Bi3+, Gd3+ or Ti4+ as a codopant on TL of Sr2Mg(BO3)(2) : Dy was investigated. The results show that Li+ as a codopant improves the emission intensity of high temperature TL peak of Sr2Mg(BO3)(2) : Dy phosphor whereas the addition of Bi3+, Gd3+ or Ti3+ leads to the decrease of TL intensity. The TL emission bands of Sr2Mg(BO3)(2) : Dy phosphors with Li+, Bi3+, Gd3+ or Ti4+ as a codopant are situated at 480, 579, 662 and 755 nm, which were attributed to the characteristic F-4(9/2)-> H-6(15/2), F-4(9/2)-> H-6(13/2), F-4(9/2)-> H-6(11/2) and F-4(9/2)-> H-6(9/2) transitions of Dy3+ ion, consistent with the emission of Sr2Mg(BO3)(2) : Dy phosphors. The kinetics parameters of 234 degrees C TL peak of Sr2Mg(BO3)(2) Dy-0.04(3+), (Li-0.04(+)) phosphor with the values of trap depth E=1.1 eV, frequency factor s=6.3 x 10(9) s(-1) were estimated by a peak shape method, which obey the second order kinetics.