Proposta de teste incremental baseado na percepção subjetiva de esforço para determinação de limiares metabólicos e parâmetros mecânicos do nado livre

A percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) é determinada de forma não invasiva e utilizada juntamente com a resposta lactacidêmica como indicadores de intensidade durante teste incremental. em campo, especialmente na natação, há dificuldades nas coletas sanguíneas; por isso, utilizam-se protocolos alternativos para estimar o limiar anaeróbio. Assim, os objetivos do estudo foram: prescrever um teste incremental baseado na PSE (Borg 6-20) visando estimar os limiares metabólicos determinados por métodos lactacidêmicos [ajuste bi-segmentado (V LL), concentração fixa-3,5mM (V3,5mM) e distância máxima (V Dmáx)]; relacionar a PSE atribuída em cada estágio com a freqüência cardíaca (FC) e com parâmetros mecânicos de nado [freqüência (FB) e amplitude de braçada (AB)], analisar a utilização da escala 6-20 na regularidade do incremento das velocidades no teste e correlacionar os limiares metabólicos com a velocidade crítica (VC). Para isso, 12 nadadores (16,4 ± 1,3 anos) realizaram dois esforços máximos (200 e 400m); os dados foram utilizados para determinar a VC, velocidade de 400m (V400m) e a freqüência crítica de braçada (FCb); e um teste incremental com intensidade inicial baseada na PSE, respectivamente, 9, 11, 13, 15 e 17; sendo monitorados em todos os estágios a FC, lactacidêmia e os tempos de quatro ciclos de braçadas e das distâncias de 20m (parte central da piscina) e 50m. Posteriormente, foram calculadas as velocidades dos estágios, FB, AB, V LL, V3,5mM e V Dmáx. Utilizaram-se ANOVA e correlação de Pearson para análise dos resultados. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre VC, V Dmáx e V LL, porém a V3,5mM foi inferior às demais velocidades (P < 0,05). Correlações significativas (P < 0,05) foram observadas entre VC versus V400m, V Dmáx e V3,5mM; V400m versus V3,5mM e V Dmáx; V Dmáx versus V LL; e no teste incremental entre PSE versus velocidade, [Lac], FC, FB e AB (P < 0,05). Concluímos que a PSE é uma ferramenta confiável no controle da velocidade dos estágios durante teste incremental na natação.

Indicadores cardiovasculares em repouso e durante um teste incremental em jovens do sexo masculino

O presente estudo comparou valores de glicemia, frequência cardíaca em repouso e durante exercício, além da composição corporal entre hipertensos e normotensos. A amostra foi composta por 32 jovens do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 22,6 anos. Inicialmente, aferiu-se a pressão arterial, para divisão em dois grupos: hipertensos e normotensos. Posteriormente foram mensurados, glicemia em jejum, impedância bioelétrica, antropometria, e a frequência cardíaca no repouso, durante o teste de esforço máximo e na fase de recuperação. A análise estatística foi composta pelo teste t- Student e análise de variância para medidas repetidas two-way, entre os grupos. O valor de significância adotado foi p = 0,05. Os dados analisados mostraram que indivíduos hipertensos apresentam maiores índices metabólicos e valores hemodinâmicos do que indivíduos normotensos, sendo estes indicadores de risco cardiovascular.

Avaliação da capacidade de caminhar do portador de obesidade mórbida utilizando teste de caminhada de 6 minutos

Introduction: The ability to walk is impaired in obese by anthropometric factors (BMI and height), musculoskeletal pain and level of inactivity. Little is known about the influence of body adiposity and the acute response of the cardiovascular system during whole the 6-minute walk test (6mWT). Objective: To evaluate the effect of anthropometric measures (BMI and WHR waist-to-hip ratio), the effort heart and inactivity in ability to walk the morbidly obese. Materials and Methods: a total 36 morbidly obese (36.23 + 11.82 years old, BMI 49.16 kg/m2) were recruited from outpatient department of treatment of obesity and bariatric surgery in University Hospital Onofre Lopes and anthropometric measurements of obesity (BMI and WHR), pulmonary function, pattern habitual physical activity (Baecke Questionnaire) and walking capacity (6mWT). The patient was checking to measure: heart rate (HR), breathing frequency (BF), peripheral oxygen saturation, level of perceived exertion, systemic arterial pressure and duplo-produto (DP), moreover the average speed development and total distance walking. The data were analysed between gender and pattern of body adiposity, measuring the behavior minute by minute of walking. The Pearson and Spearmam correlation coefficients were calculated, and stepwise multiple Regression examined the predictors of walking capacity. All analyses were performed en software Statistic 6.0. Results: 20 obese patients had abdominal adiposity (WHR = 1.01), waist circumference was 135.8 cm in women (25) and 139.8 cm in men (10). Walked to the end of 6mWT 412.43 m, with no differences between gender and adiposity. The total distance walked by obesity alone was explained by BMI (45%), HR in the sixth minute (43%), the Baecke (24%) and fatigue (-23%). 88.6% of obese (31) performed the test above 60% of maximal HR, while the peak HR achieved at 5-minute of 6mWT. Systemic arterial pressure and DP rised after walking, but with no differences between gender and adiposity. Conclusion: The walk of obese didn´t suffers influence of gender or the pattern of body adiposity. The final distance walked is attributed to excess body weight, stress heart, the feeling of effort required by physical activity and level of sedentary to obese. With a minute of walking, the obeses achieved a range of intensity cardiovascular trainning

Respostas fisiológicas durante teste de caminhada dos 6 minutos em mulheres com diferentes níveis de adiposidade

Backgroud: Obesity is a major public health problem and is related to the low physical capacity when obese are compared to no-obese people, however the cause of this limitation is not completely understood. The measurement associated of physiological response to the telemetric 6MWT adds information of metabolic and respiratory system for diagnose of the functional limitation. Objective: Analyze physiological, metabolic and ventilatory responses in women with different body fat during the 6MWT. Methods: 32 women (8 non-obese, 8 Overweight, 8 Obese and 8 morbidly obese) were evaluated for anthropometry, lung function and exercise capacity. Results: Morbidly obese walked the shortest distance (400.2±38.7m), had lower VO2/Kg (12.75±3.20l/Kg/min) and lower R (0.74± 0.11) in the 6MWT compared to other groups. Analyses of metabolic (VO2 and VCO2) and respiratory (VE, VT and BF) during the test did not identify differences between groups. The evaluation of cardiac function (O2 pulse) found higher values in the OM (12.3 ± 4.9ml/bat). Conclusion: The OM had worse performance in the 6MWT compared to other groups. The physical performance may be reduced in this population related to a protocol-dependent response because the speed of 6MWT is self-adjusted allows the individual himself select the intensity of the test, making it set at a speed where there is energy saving

Influência da idade, do sexo e da hora do dia no desempenho em teste de labirinto

The increase of elderly population in the world and in Brazil has indicated the necessity of health systems capable to evaluate, to diagnose and to intervene in the conditions of health and disease of that segment. During that stage of human development, physical and cognitive changes happen and they are capable to influence the functional acting. It s important to distinguish the limit between the normal and the pathological. Besides the common changes during the aging, biological rhithmicity changes happen, as alterations in the cycle vigil-sleep that can influence in certain tasks performance. This study aimed to verify the influence of the age, of the sex and of the hour in a maze test performance. Eighty individuals were evaluated, 40 youths (20 men and 20 women) and 40 senior (20 men and 20 women). They were separated in 2 different groups that were tested at 9:00 o clock and at 15:00 o clock. Initially they were submitted to health evaluation, cognitive evaluation and of sleep quality and chronotype. They were instructed to accomplish the maze test whose time of execution was timed and registered. Significant differences were observed according to age for the masculine group between elderly in the morning and in the afternoon and in the feminine group between youth and elderly in the test accomplished in the morning and in the afternoon. Significant differences were not observed according to sex and hour of the day and also between attempts. In compare between the 30th and the31st, accomplished in a 15minutes of interval, significant difference was observed just for the elderly group in the morning and in the afternoon. We observed significant correlations in the maze test performance with the cronotype, with the age, with the education and with the cognitive acting. The maze test was capable to detect differences between age in the acting profile and in the evaluation of the information maintenance after 15 minutes, however it was not possible to verify difference between sex and hour of the day. Finally the correlations of the maze test with another varied may indicate your importance as coadjutant instrument in those functions evaluation

Seleção de progênies de meios-irmãos do composto Isanão VF-1 de milho na safra e safrinha

O aumento significativo da produção de milho na segunda safra no Brasil, principalmente no centro-sul do país, têm estimulado os programas de melhoramento da cultura a selecionar genótipos que sejam adaptáveis às condições climáticas das diferentes épocas de semeadura. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi quantificar a interação progênies x épocas de semeadura e verificar seus reflexos no progresso genético com o uso de índice de seleção multivariado para seleção de progênies do Composto Isanão VF-1 de milho. As semeaduras foram realizadas na segunda safra em 2004 e na primeira safra do ano agrícola 2004/05. Foram utilizadas 71 progênies de meios irmãos avaliadas em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Os caracteres avaliados foram: altura de plantas, altura de espigas, tombamento, prolificidade e rendimento de grãos. Realizaram-se a decomposição da interação progênies x épocas e foram estimados os ganhos pelo índice de seleção descrito por Mulamba e Mock. Houve predomínio da interação do tipo simples para maioria dos caracteres, exceto para prolificidade, que revelou 86% de interação do tipo complexa. Pelo índice de Mulamba e Mock, os ganhos proporcionais mais adequados para o conjunto de caracteres avaliados foi obtido pelos pesos econômicos atribuídos por tentativas. Os ganhos preditos foram de 1,41, 0,86, -13,03, 9,54 e 16,12% para altura de planta, altura de espiga, tombamento, prolificidade e rendimento de grãos, respectivamente.

Dados normativos do teste de atenção por cancelamento em estudantes de Natal/RN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Desenvolvimento e teste de um modelo estatístico de identificação das proporções de água produzida em zonas de produção de um campo maduro de petróleo

This study investigates the chemical species produced water from the reservoir areas of oil production in the field of Monte Alegre (onshore production) with a proposal of developing a model applied to the identification of the water produced in different zones or groups of zones.Starting from the concentrations of anions and cátions from water produced as input parameters in Linear Discriminate Analysis, it was possible to estimate and compare the model predictions respecting the particularities of their methods in order to ascertain which one would be most appropriate. The methods Resubstitution, Holdout Method and Lachenbruch were used for adjustment and general evaluation of the built models. Of the estimated models for Wells producing water for a single production area, the most suitable method was the "Holdout Method and had a hit rate of 90%. Discriminant functions (CV1, CV2 and CV3) estimated in this model were used to modeling new functions for samples ofartificial mixtures of produced water (producedin our laboratory) and samples of mixtures actualproduced water (water collected inwellsproducingmore thanonezone).The experiment with these mixtures was carried out according to a schedule experimental mixtures simplex type-centroid also was simulated in which the presence of water from steam injectionin these tanks fora part of amostras. Using graphs of two and three dimensions was possible to estimate the proportion of water in the production area

Efeito do desbaste seletivo sobre a divergência genética em progênies de Pinus caribaea Morelet var. bahamensis

The objective of this work was to study the effect of selective thinning on! the genetic divergence in progenies of Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis, aiming to identify the most productive and divergent progenies for the use of improvement program. The test of progenies containing 119 progenies and two commercial controls were planted in March 1990, using 11 x 11 square lattice design, sextuple, partially balanced, disposed in lineal plots with six trees in the spacing of 3,0 x 3,0m. 13 years after planting thinning was realized (selection for DBH), with 50% selection intensity based on Multi-effect index, leaving three trees per plot in all the experiment. The evaluations were done at four situations: A (before the thinning); B (thinned trees); C (remaining trees after thinning) and D (one year after thinning). The analyzed traits were: height, diameter at breast height (DBH), volume, form of stem and wood density. The genetic divergence among the progenies was studied with aid of the canonical variables and of clustering of Tocher method using the generalized distance matrix of Mahalanobis (D(2)) as estimate of the genetic similarity. The progenies were grouped in four groups in situation A, fourteen in the situation B, two in the situation C and three in the situation D. The selective thinning of the trees within of the progenies caused a change in the genetic divergence among the progenies, genetically homogenizing the progenies, as demonstrated by the generalized distances of Mahalanobis, clustering of Tocher' and canonical variables methods; The. thinning made possible a high uniformity in respect to the relative contribution, of the traits for the total genetic divergence. The techniques, of clustering were efficient to identify groups of divergent,progenies for the use hybridization and little divergent progenies for the use in backcross program.

Adequação da metodologia para o teste de germinação de sementes de pitaia vermelha

Hylocereus undatus (Haw.), popularmente conhecida como pitaia vermelha é uma cactácea para a qual se tem registrado um aumento de consumo nos últimos anos e, por ser ainda pouco explorada, vários aspectos referentes à sua propagação ainda são desconhecidos. Até o momento, não existem critérios para a execução de testes de germinação para sementes dessa espécie, publicados nas Regras para Análise de Sementes. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho adequar a metodologia quanto ao substrato, temperatura e tempo de contagem inicial e final para o teste de germinação. Foram testados quatro substratos (rolo de papel, areia, vermiculita e solo) e quatro temperaturas (20, 25, 30 e 20-30°C). O efeito dos substratos no desempenho germinativo das sementes foi avaliado pelo teste de germinação e de primeira contagem instalado com quatro subamostras de 50 sementes. Foram feitas contagens diárias do número de plântulas emergidas até atingirem a estabilidade e, no final do experimento, foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação das sementes, considerando as plântulas normais, anormais e sementes mortas. Concluiu-se que o teste de germinação de sementes de pitaia vermelha deve ser realizado à temperatura constante de 25°C em rolo de papel, com contagens inicial e final aos cinco e dez dias após a semeadura, respectivamente.

Variação genética em progênies de Myracrodruon urundeuva F.F. & M.F. Allemão em três sistemas de cultivo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Teste de condutividade elétrica na avaliação do vigor de sementes de rúcula

O trabalho teve por objetivo estudar metodologias para a condução do teste de condutividade elétrica, verificando sua eficiência na identificação de diferentes níveis de vigor de lotes de sementes de rúcula. Para tanto, o estudo foi conduzido utilizando cinco lotes de sementes de Rúcula Cultivada e cinco lotes de sementes de Rúcula Gigante. Foram realizados os testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas em casa de vegetação e variações no teste de condutividade elétrica (temperaturas de 20ºC, 25ºC e 30ºC; volumes de 25mL, 50mL e 75mL de água; 25 e 50 sementes; e períodos de 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 e 24 horas). Diante dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o tempo de embebição para o teste de condutividade elétrica pode ser reduzido para 4 horas e o volume de água utilizado pode ser reduzido para 25 ou 50mL. As combinações de 50 sementes apresentaram menor coeficiente de variação e as temperaturas mais adequadas foram de 25ºC e 30ºC. Assim, concluiu-se que a condição mais adequada para o teste de condutividade elétrica em sementes de rúcula é a utilização de 50 sementes em 50mL de água por 4 horas, a 25ºC.

Efeito do período de envelhecimento acelerado no teste de condutividade elétrica e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão

The high quality of seed trading for producers is very important to obtain high productivity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different periods of artificial seed aging on contents of sugars, proteins, amino acids and ions, on imbibition solution of electrical conductivity test, as well as its relationships with standard germination and vigor in bean seeds at the Perola cultivar. The research was carried out at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis - Faculdade de Engenharia - Unesp - Campus de Ilha Solteira. The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks. The seeds were submitted to eight accelerated aging conditions (zero, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours). The seed germination, seed vigor and leakage contents in exudates of bulk conductivity were Influenced by the increase in the time of seed exposition to accelerated aging. After seventy-two hours of exposition to the aging, a considerable decline in seed germination and vigor was observed. There was also an increase of leakage contents, such as amino acids, sugars, potassium and phosphorus ions. The increase of leakage contents is inversely related to seeds germination and vigor.

Prediction of Hevea progeny performance in the presence of genotype-environment interaction

Twenty two open-pollinated Hevea progenies from different parental clones of the Asian origin were tested at five sites in the Northwestern São Paulo State Brazil to investigate the progeny girth growth, rubber yield, bark thickness and plant height. Except for the rubber yield, the analysis of variance indicated highly significant (p<0.01) genotype x environment interaction and heterogeneity of regressions among the progenies. However, the regression stability analysis identified only a few interacting progenies which had regression coefficients significantly different from the expected value of one. The linear regressions of the progeny mean performance at each test on an environmental index (mean of all the progenies in each test) showed the general stability and adaptability of most selected Hevea progenies over the test environments. The few progenies which were responsive and high yielding on different test sites could be used to maximize the rubber cultivars productivity and to obtain the best use of the genetically improved stock under different environmental conditions.

Variação Genética e ganho esperado na seleção de progênies de Pinus caribaea var. caribaea em Selvíria, MS

The present research has proposed to estimate the genetic variation of growth traits and to estimate the expected gain by multi-effect index (MEI), in order to transform a Pinus caribaea var. caribaea progeny trial into a seedling seed orchard. The progeny trial was set up in 1989, in Selviria, MS, Brazil, using a 10 x 10 triple lattice design, with 99 progenies and a commercial control, with linear plots of ten plants, by the 3 x 3 m spacing between plants and rows. Total plant height, diameter at breast height (Dbh), wood volume, stem form, wood density at breast height, and survival were the evaluated quantitative traits. The trial was measured through 14, 15, and 16 years old. The 50% intensity of thinning at 14.3 years old was done. No significant was the genetic variation of different traits. Heritability estimates have presented low magnitude with low variation by the different ages. The application of MEI to DBH, at two years after thinning, resulted in higher gains than the selection of within and among progenies. The best selection strategy to obtain higher gains and to keep genetic diversity is to select until five plants per progenies.