A radiologic morphometric study of sellar, infrassellar and parasellar regions by magnetic resonance in adults

To evaluate variations of some anatomic structures of sellar and parasellar regions and their possible differences between genders and age groups. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) of 380 patients were performed to analyze the dimensions of the sphenoid sinus, pituitary gland, optic chiasm, intra-cavernous carotid distances, distance between columella nasal - sphenoid sinus; and columella nasal-pituitary gland. The patients age ranged between 20 and 80 years (mean age 48 years). The study included 235 females (mean age 53 years) and 145 males (mean age 40 years). The transverse length of the pituitary, the inter-carotid distance and the height of the pituitary were similar between genders and age groups. The width and height of the optic chiasm showed differences only between females of different ages. Males presented greater distances between nasal columella and sphenoid sinus. The most common type of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus was the sellar, and depending on the age group, sphenoid sinus was larger in males than females. The anatomy of the Sellar and parasellar regions is complex and varies widely within the normal range. They are a small area, rich in anatomical details affecting multiple physiological systems in the body and, therefore, have great importance in several medical fields. A better understanding of these complex structures is essential in clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Maternal separation on the ethanol-preferring adult rat liver structure

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of re-stripping on the seminal characteristics of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) during the breeding season

Seminal characteristics in teleost fish with an annual reproductive period, such as pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), may vary during the breeding season. The sperm formed before the beginning of the spawning period may be stored for a long time, causing damage to the cells. Therefore, re-stripping may be an important way to eliminate the old and allow for the collection of new spermatozoids. In this study, we analyzed the seminal characteristics of hormonally induced pacu at the beginning, middle and end of the breeding season, and we analyzed samples from re-stripped males (stripped first at the beginning, re-stripped in the middle, and re-stripped again at the end of the season) during two breeding seasons. The sperm density, ionic composition, pH, and osmolality were similar among the groups. The semen volume, seminal plasma protein concentration and incidence of morphologically anomalous sperm increased over time. In addition, some parameters that are associated with good-quality semen decreased, such as sperm motility, viability and DNA integrity. Moreover, we observed a positive association among motility, viability and DNA integrity for sperm with elevated 11-ketotestosterone, but there was no such association for fshb or lhb mRNA levels in the pituitary. The semen that was obtained earlier (at the beginning) or from re-stripped males exhibited better characteristics than the other samples collected. In conclusion, collecting semen from pacu at the end of breeding season should be avoided; it is preferable to strip early and then re-strip later in the season, and this approach may be used for diverse aquaculture purposes.

Perinatal exposure to androgen excess and the effects on the rat uterine estradiol responsiveness

Androgen exposure during sexual development induces alterations in steroidal target tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the uterine responsiveness to estradiol after perinatal androgenization. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to corn oil or testosterone propionate at 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/kg from gestational day 12 until postnatal day 21. Female offspring was challenged with estradiol (E2 ) after weaning (0.4 mg/kg) and at adulthood (10 or 100 µg/day), when the pituitary response was also evaluated. At adulthood, control and 0.05 mg/kg groups presented a uterine weight increment when exposed to 100 µg/day of E2 , 0.1 mg/kg group only responded to 10 µg/day of E2 , and the 0.2 mg/kg group showed increased uterine weight at both doses. The pituitary weight was similarly increased after estradiol stimulation in all experimental groups. In conclusion, testosterone propionate exposure induced an abnormal stimulation of uterine tissue growth by estrogen stimulus without affecting pituitary response. More studies are needed to clarify whether these alterations are capable of impairing the reproductive capacity of the female tract. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2015.

Activity of neurons in the preoptic area and their participation in reproductive senescence: preliminary findings

Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in females determine the transition from regular to irregular reproductive cycles, with loss of fertility. Stimulation of noradrenergic neurons of the anteroventral periventricular neurons (AVPV) is essential for regular reproductive cycles. Therefore, we examined the activity of neurons of the AVPV and measure the noradrenaline (NE) of acyclic rats, in constant estrus, and compared it with that of cyclic rats in estrus. Female cyclic (4-5months) and acyclic (17-18months) rats were euthanized at 10, 14, and 18h in estrus. Brains were processed for immunoreactivity to antigens related to Fos (FRA) in AVPV, and the NE was determined by HPLC-ED. Plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, E2 and P4 were determined. In the acyclic animals, plasma LH was higher but the FSH was lower. There was decreasing P4 at different times, while the E2 was constant and lower in acyclic rats. FRA-ir expression in AVPV neurons of acyclic rats as well as turnover of NE was higher when compared with cyclic group. The preliminary findings showed increased activity in AVPV neurons in aging contribute to changes in the temporal pattern of neuroendocrine signaling, compromising the accuracy of inhibitory and stimulatory effects, causing irregularity in the estrous cycle and determining reproductive senescence.

Níveis de lisina em dietas para reprodutores de Rhamdia voulezi em tanques-rede

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Reação do tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo de ratos ao implante de Artglass®: estudo histológico

Indirect composite resin systems have been routinely recommended for making restorations in distressed patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically in rats the effect of chronic stress on the reaction of subcutaneous connective tissue after implant of Artglass™. For this purpose, 60 rats were divided into four groups (GI (control), GII (stressed), GIII (Artglass™) and GIV (Artglass™. / stressed) received dorsal subcutaneous implants of polyethylene tubes containing saline solution (GI and GII) or Artglass™ (GIII and GIV). In groups of four animals were sacrificed at 7,14 and 28 days postoperatively. The results allowed to observe more intense inflammatory reaction and tissue organization later in the animals subjected to stress.

Efeito do estresse crônico e benzodiazepínicos no reparo ósseo: estudo histológico em ratos

Stress is an environmental factor that may predispose individuals to depression. Benzodiazepines have been prescribed as effective drugs in these situations. The purpose of this study was histological evaluate of the effect of chronic stress and benzodiazepine drugs on bone healing. Bone cavities were created in both tibias of 40 male rats were divided into two groups: Control and Treaty. In this, the stressor stimulus was applied 40 days pre-operative and all post-operative days until sacrifice in the morning for 2 hours, by immobilizing restraint. These animals also received diazepam benzodiazepine group, daily, at a concentration of 5mg/Kg/peso body within 15 days of preoperative. In groups of five animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days post-surgery. At 7 days postoperatively, while the control group exhibited tissue rich in fibroblasts, the treated group showed newly formed tissue with few fibroblasts and capillaries along with lymphocytes and macrophages. At 14 days postsurgery, the control group showed newly formed trabecular bone while the treated group progressed to thin trabecular bone with numerous osteoblasts on their borders. At 30 days post-operative bone healing is complete in both groups. At 60 days post-operative characteristics observed in the treated and control groups are similar to the previous period, but with more advanced osteogenesis.

Efeito do envelhecimento e do estresse crônico sobre a reação do tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo: estudo histológico em ratos

Physiological functions undergo a gradual retardation that begins around 25-30 years and extends to the death. Moreover, this change affects most severely the activities more complex and more intricate responses to tensions or stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically in aged rats the effect of chronic stress on the reaction of subcutaneous connective tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically in aged rats the effect of chronic stress on the reaction of subcutaneous connective tissue. For this purpose, 60 rats were divided into four groups (GI (control), GII (stressed), GIII (elderly) and GIV (aged / stressed) received dorsal subcutaneous implants of polyethylene tubes containing saline solution. In groups of four animals were sacrificed at 7,14 and 28 days postoperatively. The results allowed to observe more intense inflammatory reaction and tissue organization later in the aged animals subjected to stress.

Avaliação da sensibilidade à insulina e concentração do cortisol salivar em gestantes com doença periodontal

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social - FOA

Desempenho reprodutivo e diferenciação gonadal em piau-três-pintas, Leporinus friderici, Bloch 1794

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Atividade dos neurônios do núcleo anterovental periventricular e sua participação no envelhecimento reprodutivo de ratas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre secreação de testosterona e cortisol: uma revisão bibliográfica

You can set the resistance training such as making a move against a resistance by performing a muscle contraction and generating a muscular adaptation. This form of training, was initially used only in training athletes aiming to strengthen and improve fitness. Some coaches did not give proper focus, as the increase in muscle mass would cause loss of flexibility and agility. But over time a huge evolution occurred within this area and the practitioners of resistance training are no longer just athletes, and reached the whole community, from young to elderly, being a physical activity that generates a large caloric expenditure and has several health benefits, improve the cardiovascular system and decreasing the amount of body fat in the body. Cortisol is a hormone secreted from a stressful stimulus to the body, secretion undergoes control of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, which releases the hormone into the bloodstream andrenocorticotrópico, going to the adrenal cortex responsible for their release. This has catabolic function, acting in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, as well as having an important effect antiflamatório. Testosterone is a steroid hormone cholesterol from being produced by the testicles in men, as in women is produced to a lesser extent in ovary and adrenal glands, has functions androgenic and anabolic. Androgen function is responsible for the development of male sexual characteristics, while on anabolic function operates in the growth of muscles and bones, influencing the development of the human body organs. Within the metabolic changes that occur in the resistance training testosterone plays an important role in protein synthesis, influencing the production of strength and / or power during exercise. The objective of this work is through a literature review to assess the effects of resistance training on the production of these hormones and the relationship between them

Avaliação adrenocortical, tireoideana e do estresse oxidativo de cães naturalmente infectados por Ehrlichia canis

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Características tomográficas de neoplasias encefálicas primárias em cães

Computed tomography (CT) can be considered an important test to identify the presence of primary brain neoplasias in dogs. CT results can help define the type of brain tumor when associated with clinical findings. It allows the identification of lesions and their features, such as size, location, compression and invasion of adjacent tissue. One must analyze the density, mass effect, peritumoral edema, calcification, and image enhancement after intravenous injection of contrast medium. Gliomas, meningiomas and tumors of the choroid plexus and pituitary are the most common primary brain neoplasms diagnosed by CT in dogs. The aim of this paper is to review the literature related to primary brain tumors and report their most important tomographic features, in order to help clinicians achieve a presumptive diagnosis of tumor type.