Influence of experience and training on dental students’ examination performance regarding panoramic images

Physician training has greatly benefitted from insights gained in understanding the manner in which experts search medical images for abnormalities. The aims of this study were to compare the search patterns of 30 fourth-year dental students and 15 certified oral and maxillofacial radiologists (OMRs) over panoramic images and to determine the most robust variables for future studies involving image visualization. Eye tracking was used to capture the eye movement patterns of both subject groups when examining 20 panoramic images classified as normal or abnormal. Abnormal images were further subclassified as having an obvious, intermediate, or subtle abnormality. The images were presented in random order to each participant, and data were collected on duration of the participants’ observations and total distance tracked, time to first eye fixation, and total duration and numbers of fixations on and off the area of interest (AOI). The results showed that the OMRs covered greater distances than the dental students (p<0.001) for normal images. For images of pathosis, the OMRs required less total time (p<0.001), made fewer eye fixations (p<0.01) with fewer saccades (p<0.001) than the students, and required less time before making the first fixation on the AOI (p<0.01). Furthermore, the OMRs covered less distance (p<0.001) than the dental students for obvious pathoses. For investigations of images of pathosis, time to first fixation is a robust parameter in predicting ability. For images with different levels of subtlety of pathoses, the number of fixations, total time spent, and numbers of revisits are important parameters to analyze when comparing observer groups with different levels of experience.

Influence of experience and training on dental students’ examination performance regarding panoramic images.

Physician training has greatly benefitted from insights gained in understanding the manner in which experts search medical images for abnormalities. The aims of this study were to compare the search patterns of 30 fourth-year dental students and 15 certified oral and maxillofacial radiologists (OMRs) over panoramic images and to determine the most robust variables for future studies involving image visualization. Eye tracking was used to capture the eye movement patterns of both subject groups when examining 20 panoramic images classified as normal or abnormal. Abnormal images were further subclassified as having an obvious, intermediate, or subtle abnormality. The images were presented in random order to each participant, and data were collected on duration of the participants’ observations and total distance tracked, time to first eye fixation, and total duration and numbers of fixations on and off the area of interest (AOI). The results showed that the OMRs covered greater distances than the dental students (p<0.001) for normal images. For images of pathosis, the OMRs required less total time (p<0.001), made fewer eye fixations (p<0.01) with fewer saccades (p<0.001) than the students, and required less time before making the first fixation on the AOI (p<0.01). Furthermore, the OMRs covered less distance (p<0.001) than the dental students for obvious pathoses. For investigations of images of pathosis, time to first fixation is a robust parameter in predicting ability. For images with different levels of subtlety of pathoses, the number of fixations, total time spent, and numbers of revisits are important parameters to analyze when comparing observer groups with different levels of experience.

Tables and notes on human osteology, for the use of students of medicine.

Contains errata slip.

Elements of surgery, for the use of students.

Added t.p.

A system of anatomy for the use of students of medicine /

1st edition, 1811-14.

School of Nursing Class of 1983, Medical-Surgical

Top Row: Carol Serr, Peggy Quinlan, Laura Struble, Lynne Carpenter, Shirley Evans, Catherine Eichel, Irene Soble

Row 2: Mary Jo Grippen, Judy Howe

Row 3: Cindy Fenske, Mary Lynn Parker

Row 4: Tara Prescott, Maureen Sheehan, William Paddock, Linda Hein, Dai-Wei Chen, James Fischer, Susan Saydak, Linda Heller Burgess

School of Nursing Class of 1985, Medical-Surgical

Top Row: James M. Benard, Megan L. McCarthy, Maureen T. Cummings, Madeline M. Diedo, Karla M. Jacobus

Row 2: Lois E. Larson, Maris Y. Maquera

Row 3: Mary S. Smalldon, Colleen M. Corte

Row 4: Jan Brissette, Kathryn A. Kacynski, Nancy R. Payne, Katrina D. Roy

School of Nursing Class of 1986, Medical-Surgical

Top Row: Yvonne C. Cosgray, Sandra D. Felton, Wendie L. Bander, Jean M. Devendorf

Row 2: Brenda K. Smith, Janice B. London

Row 3: Ellen F. Rainier, Barbara A. Urbanski

Row 4: Deborah L. Wierzbinski, Ruth R. R. Lweis, Gayle A. Besinger, Sarah E. Newton

School of Nursing Class of 1989, Medical-Surgical

Top Row: Mei-Ling Lin, Karen S. Hagen, Mary Ann Rickelmann, Kathryn E. Echulte, Julianne M. Shea, Gloria J. George, Susan A. Wintermeyer

Row 2: Denise M. Yurik, Rebecca E. Jackson

Row 3: Mary J Barry, Ellen D. Nichols, Dorothy M. O'Connor, Anne F. Darga, Doris R. Grinspun, Suzanne M. Hurd, Christine M. Olree

Stress in veterinary science students: A study at the University of Queensland

This paper reports on the results of a survey of selected University of Queensland (UQ) veterinary students aimed at elucidating factors causing stress during the five undergraduate years of the program. Students from each of the five years were asked to form six- or seven-member focus groups. Each focus group was then interviewed and their opinions sought on causes of ongoing stress and the ranking of those causes into predetermined categories. They were also asked to give their opinions on counseling services available within the university and what, if any, services they would like to see in place to help students with stress-related problems. Students in the first, third, and fourth years of the program rated academic issues as the most likely causes of ongoing stress, while students in the second and fifth years of the program ranked lifestyle and financial issues as more likely to cause ongoing stress. in most cases, students coped well with these causes of stress and tended not to use counseling services available to all UQ students. When faced with stressful issues, students looked to their classmates or family members for help and not to university counseling services. Students were also happy to approach staff members in the Veterinary School when faced with a problem. The authors nevertheless conclude that mechanisms set in place at the undergraduate level to help veterinary students cope with stress should particularly benefit those students when they become new graduates and are faced with the stresses of veterinary practice.