Gonadal development in the freshwater crab Sylviocarcinus pictus (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) (Brachyura: Trichodactylidae) from the Guamá river, state of Pará, Brazil

Os estádios de desenvolvimento das gônadas de machos e fêmeas de caranguejos Sylviocarcinus pictus (H. Milne Eduards, 1853) foram descritos por meio de observações macroscópicas e microscópicas (técnica histológica). A descrição histológica foi baseada em 40 espécimes (20 de cada sexo). Foram identificados quatro estádios de desenvolvimento para as fêmeas: imaturo, em maturação, maturo e em reabsorção. As seguintes células foram encontradas: ovogônias, ovócitos em vitelogênese inicial, ovócitos em vitelogênese avançada, células foliculares e folículos pós-ovulatórios. Três estádios de desenvolvimento foram encontrados para os machos: imaturo, em maturação e maturo, com indicação de: espermatogônias, espermatócitos, espermátides, espermatozóides e espermatóforos. Tais dados sugerem o padrão descrito na literatura. O tamanho da maturidade sexual foi de 32,3 mm de largura da carapaça para machos e 31,5 mm para fêmeas. Os estádios gonadais observados macroscopicamente por meio do volume e da coloração das gônadas foram validados pela análise histológica, sendo um critério útil e ágil para a identificação da maturidade sexual para a espécie. O presente estudo oferece informações inéditas sobre a biologia reprodutiva de Sylviocarcinus pictus.

Biologia reprodutiva de peixes cianídeos capturados nas proximidades dos terminais portuários do Pará e Maranhão

Corvina uçu (Cynoscion microlepidotus), Pescada gó (Macrodon ancylodon) e Pescada curuca (Plagioscion surinamensis) são cianídeos demersais, amplamente distribuídos na costa do Brasil, constituindo importantes recursos pesqueiros. Este trabalho objetiva descrever aspectos da biologia reprodutiva dessas espécies capturadas em áreas próximas aos terminais portuários do Itaqui (Maranhão) e de Miramar (Pará). Para cada espécie sob estudo, foram descritas macro e microscopicamente as diversas fases reprodutivas, determinado o tamanho de primeira maturação sexual, a proporção sexual das espécies por mês e tamanho, a época de reprodução e tipo de desova. Os dados foram coletados através de amostragens bimestrais efetuadas durante o período de dezembro de 2005 a outubro de 2006. Foram examinados 247 exemplares de C. microlepidotus, 253 de M. ancylodon e 251 de P. surinamensis. Os indivíduos analisados de C. microlepidotus, M. ancylodon e P. surinamensis variaram de 175 a 780 mm, 187 a 399mm e 220 a 590 mm de comprimento total, respectivamente. A relação comprimento total (mm) e peso total (g) para fêmeas, machos e sexos agrupados foi altamente significativa para as três espécies analisadas, com alometria negativa para C. microlepidotus e positiva para M. ancylodon e P. surinamensis. O comprimento de primeira maturação (L₅₀) para C. microlepidotus, considerando sexos agrupados, foi de 260,8 mm, para os sexos separadamente foi de com 235mm (machos) e 321mm (fêmeas) mm de comprimento total. Para M. ancylodon o L₅₀ considerando sexos agrupados, foi de 210,5 mm, para os sexos separadamente foi de com 201,6mm (machos) e 221,8mm (fêmeas) mm de comprimento total. Para P. surinamensis o L₅₀ considerando sexos agrupados, foi de 279 mm, para os sexos separadamente foi de com 305mm (machos) e 269mm (fêmeas) mm de comprimento total. A proporção sexual, considerando o total de indivíduos, foi favorável às fêmeas para M. ancylodon (1macho:3fêmea) e favorável aos machos para P. surinamensis (2,02macho:1fêmea). Para C. microlepidotus, a proporção sexual foi de 1,01macho:1fêmea. Macroscopicamente, as gônadas das três espécies foram classificadas em Imaturo (A), Em maturação (B), Maturo (C) e Desovado/Esgotado (D), entretanto quando analisamos microscopicamente, pudemos subdividir os estádio B em maturação inicial e maturação final. As avaliações macro e microscópicas das gônadas das três espécies indicaram um período prolongado de desova, com picos entre junho-agosto e entre dezembro-fevereiro, coincidindo com os períodos de transição do regime pluviométrico. Isto comprova que as espécies em estudo completam todo o seu ciclo de vida nas áreas adjacentes aos terminais portuários do Itaqui e de Miramar, o que torna essas áreas muito sensíveis, principalmente no que se refere a um possível derramamento de petróleo e derivados, uma vez que as regiões próximas a esses terminais são zonas de risco.

Estudo do "Ages and Stages Questionnaires" com cuidadores de crianças institucionalizadas

Este estudo explorou o conhecimento de cuidadoras sobre o desenvolvimento de crianças em acolhimento institucional com um instrumento de triagem. Participaram deste estudo quatro crianças na faixa etária de 5 anos de idade e as cuidadoras responsáveis. O instrumento utilizado foi o Ages and Stages Questionnaires, que contém 21 questionários que envolvem seis áreas de desenvolvimento. Os resultados revelaram que a comunicação foi uma das áreas pouco pontuadas pelas crianças. Suas principais dificuldades estão em verbalizar e se concentrar nas tarefas propostas. A área da coordenação motora ampla, que envolve, entre outras coisas, o correr e pular, incentivada pelo próprio ambiente da instituição, foi considerada dentro das expectativas para o desenvolvimento e recebeu pontuação máxima de acordo com o ASQ-3. As cuidadoras como pessoas de referência para as crianças, foram essenciais para aplicação do ASQ-3, que se mostrou sensível na identificação dos problemas do desenvolvimento.

Performance of UASB reactors in two stages followed by post-treatment with activated sludge in wastewater batch of wet-processed coffee

In this study it was evaluated the efficiency of the treatment of wet-processed coffee wastewater in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors in two stages, in bench scale, followed by post-treatment with activated sludge in batch. The first UASB reactor was submitted to an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6.2 d and organic loading rates (OLR) of 2.3 and 4.5g CODtotal (L d)-1, and the second UASB reactor to HRT of 3.1 d with OLR of 0.4 and 1.4g CODtotal (L d)-1. The average values of the affluent CODtotal increased from 13,891 to 27,926mg L-1 and the average efficiencies of removal of the CODtotal decreased from 95 to 91%, respectively, in the UASB reactors in two stages. The volumetric methane production increased from 0.274 to 0.323L CH4 (L reactor d)-1 with increment in the OLR. The average concentrations of total phenols in the affluent were of 48 and 163mg L-1, and the removal efficiencies in the UASB reactors in two stages of 92 and 90%, respectively, and increased to 97% with post-treatment. The average values of the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and phosphorus were of 57 to 80% and 44 to 60%, respectively, in the UASB reactors in two stages and increased to 91 and 84% with the post-treatment.

Dynamics of the interaction between body fluid and Ti cp: the influence of surface functionalization in the first stages of osseointegration

INTRODUCTION: Regenerative therapies using biomaterials require accurate information on interactions between the implanted material and the human body. To improve the process of bone regeneration it is necessary to obtain a better understanding of the influence of the surfaces on the early stages of osseointegration. This work aims to investigate the dynamic interaction between simulated body fluid (SBF) and titanium surfaces (Ti cp) immediately after their first contact. METHODS: Ti cp samples were passed through physicochemical treatments after immersion in acid solution, alkaline solution and solutions containing TiO2 and Ca2+, to obtain three different surfaces. These were characterized by electron microscopy and free energy estimates. The evaluation of the interaction with SBF was performed by measuring the dynamic contact angles after contacting the surfaces. RESULTS: The effects of SBF wettability were more significant on surfaces according to high energy estimates. A comparative analysis of the three types of surfaces showed that fluid spreading was greater in samples with greater polar components, indicating that the surface nature influences interactions in the early stages of osseointegration. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the influence of polar interactions in the dynamic wettability of the SBF. It is possible that these interactions can also influence cellular viability on surfaces. Based on these results, new experiments are being designed to improve the presented methodology as a tool for the evaluation of biomaterials without the need for in vivo experiments.

Leaf Morphological Plasticity of Tree Species from Two Developmental Stages in Araucaria Forest

This study compared the morphological and anatomical variations of the leaves of four shade-tolerant tree species Allophylus edulis (St.-Hil.) Radlk (Sapindaceae), Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae), Cupania vernalis Cambess. (Sapindaceae) and Luehea divaricata Mart. (Malvaceae) from a fragment of Araucaria forest in two developmental stages. Morphological and anatomical traits, such as leaf and tissue thickness, leaf area, leaf dry mass, specific leaf area, leaf density and stomata density were measured from 30 leaves of each developmental stage. The phenotypic plasticity index was also calculated for each quantitative trait. The results showed that the four species presented higher mean values ​​for specific leaf area and spongy/palisade parenchyma ratio at young stage, and higher mean values ​​for stomata density, total and palisade parenchyma thickness in the adult stage. The plasticity index demonstrated that L. divricata presented highest plasticity for both the morphological and anatomical traits while A. edulis displayed the lowest plasticity index. The results of this study indicated that the leaves of these species exhibited distinct morphological traits at each stage of development to cope with acting environmental factors.

Anatomical evaluation of the cervical vertebrae of Wistar rats by means of digital radiographs and its correlation with the maturation stages of human cervical vertebrae

INTRODUCTION: Biological age is an important parameter for growth and development assessment. It can be evaluated through the observation of radiographic changes in skeletal maturation of cervical vertebrae. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: a) verify if there is correlation between growth curve and the stages of bone age of animals used in laboratories, by evaluating radiographs of the cervical vertebrae; b) correlate these stages with their correspondents in humans. METHODS: 35 Wistar rats were evaluated for a period of 160 days, starting at day 22nd (weaning), with cross sections for periodic weighing, length measurement and digital radiography. Radiographs of the cervical vertebrae (C2 and C3) were measured by means of a computer program (Radio IMP). Data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Growth spurt was characterized by fast increasing in weight and length. Through ANOVA, differences were observed in the cervical measurements between days 22, 97, 127, 157, 187 and 217 (p <0.001). A high correlation was found between increasing in body length and weight, as well as in cervical vertebrae height (r = 0.86). Increments in concavities of vertebrae were also observed, similar to humans. CONCLUSIONS: There is correlation between body growth and maturation of cervical vertebrae in rats. Despite the continuous development of concavities, it was not possible to clearly identify the 5/6 stages as in studies of cervical vertebrae maturation in humans.

Qualidade de sementes de soja convencional e transgênica em função da dessecação das plantas com glyphosate

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in the prodromal stages of dementia

Purpose of reviewTo critically discuss the neuropsychiatric symptoms in the prodromal stages of dementia in order to improve the early clinical diagnosis of cognitive and functional deterioration.Recent findingsCurrent criteria for cognitive syndrome, including Alzheimer's disease, comprise the neuropsychiatric symptoms in addition to cognitive and functional decline. Although there is growing evidence that neuropsychiatric symptoms may precede the prodromal stages of dementia, these manifestations have received less attention than traditional clinical hallmarks such as cognitive and functional deterioration. Depression, anxiety, apathy, irritability, agitation, sleep disorders, among other symptoms, have been hypothesized to represent a prodromal stage of dementia or, at least, they increase the risk for conversion from minor neurocognitive disorder to major neurocognitive disorder. Longitudinal investigations have provided increased evidence of progression to dementia in individuals with minor neurocognitive disorder when neuropsychiatric symptoms also were present.SummaryAlthough neuropsychiatric symptoms are strongly associated with a higher risk of cognitive and functional deterioration, frequently the clinician does not acknowledge these conditions as increasing the risk of dementia. When the clinician accurately diagnoses neuropsychiatric symptoms in the prodromal stage of dementia, he could early establish appropriate treatment and, may be, delay the beginning of clinical and functional deterioration.

Concordance between Stages of Behavior Change Questionnaire and IPAQ

A low rate of physical activity (PA) participation is observed worldwide. The identification of feasible and reliable instruments able to accurately measuring PA and help in the development of interventions to promote PA are necessary. This study aimed to analyze the concordance between the Stages of Behavior Change Questionnaire (SBCQ) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ long-version) in assessing adult leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). A total of 1.588 adults completed the IPAQ to assess LTPA and the participants who performed more than 10 min/week were classified in active individuals. Using the SBCQ, active individuals were those classified in the action or maintenance stage and inactive individuals were those classified in the precontemplation, contemplation or preparation stage. The concordance between SBCQ and IPAQ was found to be 0.80. Separated by gender, it was observed a concordance between the two instruments of 0.82 for women, and 0.77 for men. Regarding age group, it was found to be 0.81 for young and middle-aged adults, and 0.77 for older people. The SBCQ presented a very good concordance with IPAQ to assess LTPA.

Quality management, environmental management maturity, green supply chain practices and green performance of Brazilian companies with ISO 14001 certification: Direct and indirect effects

This study aims to test a new conceptual model based on the relationship between quality management (QM), environmental management maturity (EMM), adoption of external practices of green supply chain management (GSCM) (green purchasing and collaboration with customers) and green performance (GP) with data from 95 Brazilian firms with ISO 14001. To our knowledge, such links and relationships are not simultaneously identified and tested in the literature. The results indicate the validation of all of the research hypotheses. This paper highlights that an improvement in green performance will require attention to quality management, environmental management maturity, and green supply chain. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reproductive biology of Hepatus pudibundus (Crustacea: Brachyura), the most abundant crab on the southeastern Brazilian coast

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of the Temperature and Maturation Stages on the Germination of Roystonea regia Seeds

Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook is largely used as ornamental. The propagation is done almost exclusively by seeds; however, there is a great variation in the germination process influenced by many factors. The objective of this work was to study the effects of the temperature and maturation stages on the germination of R. regia seeds. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial arrangement 6x3 (six temperatures: constant at 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C and alternated at 20-30 and 25-35 degrees C, with a photoperiod of 12 hours; and three fruit maturation stages: brown, yellow and black), with four replications of 25 disseminules (seed with stucked endocarp) each. The disseminules had their mesocarp and exocarp were removed and shade dried. Their moisture content was determined, and then they were placed in plastic boxes (gerbox type) containing vermiculite. The disseminules, with the germinative intumescence, were daily noted until germination was steady. The germination rate and the germination speed index were calculated, and the data were submitted to the variance analysis. The means were compared by the Tukey test. It was concluded that the highest germination rate (99.7%) and germination speed were obtained by seeds from mature (black) fruits at the temperature of 35 degrees C.

Quantification of functional abilities in Rett syndrome: a comparison between stages III and IV

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)