Study of Perkinsus olseni infection mechanisms: identification and regulation of parasite genes differentially expressed in response to host and environmental stress

Tese dout., Biologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

La rhétorique professionnelle des conseillers d'orientation pour l'accès à la pratique de la médiation familiale une image publique floue

Depuis le 1er septembre 1997, cinq professionnels ont accès à la pratique de la médiation familiale. Les conseillers d'orientation sont de ce nombre et ils sont les professionnels les moins bien représentés en médiation familiale et ce, à plusieurs points de vue. Ce mémoire pose l'hypothèse que les conseillers d'orientation ont de la difficulté à s'imposer dans cette pratique parce qu'ils ont un problème d'identité professionnelle qui les empêche de convaincre de leur pertinence en tant qu'intervenants. Balisé par un contexte théorique à caractère sociologique reposant sur les concepts de rhétorique professionnelle (Paradeise, 1985) et d'espace professionnel (Bourdon, 1994), les transcriptions des débats tenus en commission parlementaire sur la médiation familiale ont été analysés à l'aide d'une méthodologie qualitative. Il appert que les conseillers d'orientation n'ont su utiliser correctement les éléments de rhétorique professionnelle, et par surcroît, ils ont été les grandes victimes des tactiques utilisées par les autres acteurs.

Loss of Aggressiveness of Phytophthora cinnamomi (Beta-Cinnamomin Silenced Strain) in the Infection of Castanea sativa

Several forest species are severely affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi. The contribution of this oomycete to forest decline and dieback has been broadly reported. In particular, it is consensual that it is the causal agent of ink disease in Castanea sativa. It has been associated with the severe decline of Quercus species, namely the Q. suber and Q. ilex dieback in Portugal and Spain, and has been responsible for the infection of numerous native species and crops. This pathogen persists in the soil or on plant material in the form of chlamydospores allowing the infection of living root tissues when environmental conditions are favorable. © Microscopy Society of America 2012.

La publication en libre accès : étude sur les niveaux de connaissance et d'intérêt de la communauté de recherche des Facultés d'administration, de droit, d'éducation, d'éducation physique et sportive, de lettres et sciences humaines et de théologie et d'études religieuses de l'Université de Sherbrooke

Le présent essai est l'aboutissement d'une réflexion sur la place qu'occupe le libre accès dans la communauté scientifique. Bien que le libre accès ne constitue pas en soi une nouveauté, il occupe une place relativement marginale. L'auteur s'est d'abord penché sur l'évolution du libre accès dans le monde avant d'entreprendre une recherche terrain a l'Université de Sherbrooke pour mesurer l'intérêt et les connaissances de la communauté de recherche. Au terme de cette recherche, l'auteur a produit une analyse à partir des données qu'il a récoltées. Des recommandations ont par la suite été produites à l'intention de la direction du Service des bibliothèques et archives (SBA) dans le but de promouvoir le libre accès, porteur selon l'auteur d'économies potentielles pour les universités et d'une plus grande accessibilité au savoir autant pour les chercheurs que pour le grand public. Voici un bref aperçu desdites recommandations: Recommandation 1: Mettre sur pied une séance d'information et une brochure présentant le libre accès aux professeurs et aux étudiants de l'Université de Sherbrooke. Recommandation 2: Encourager les facultés à faire en sorte que soient déposés sur Savoirs UdeS les articles publiés par les professeurs. Recommandation 3: Entamer un dialogue personnalise avec les représentants de l'ensemble des facultés de l'Université de Sherbrooke pour établir la voie verte au libre accès. Recommandation 4: Assurer la synergie des dépôts institutionnels des universités québécoises. Recommandation 5: Assurer la défense des intérêts universitaires par un réseautage auprès des organismes subventionnaires.

New approaches for the diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection:relevance for clinical practice and cancer prevention

Tese de doutoramento, Biologia (Microbiologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

Lancefield group C and G streptococci in human infection : molecular typing, virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (Microbiologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2014

Malaria and tuberculosis co-infection:role for hemozoin immunosuppression?

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas (Microbiologia e Parasitologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2014

Human factors required for mycobacterium tuberculosis macrophage infection

Tese de doutoramento, Farmácia (Biologia Celular e Molecular), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014

Novel particulate antibiotic-loaded platforms as sustained drug delivery systems for bone infection treatment

Tese de doutoramento, Farmácia (Tecnologia Farmacêutica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2015

Telaprevir or boceprevir based therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection: Development of resistance-associated variants in treatment failure

The use of triple-therapy, pegylated-interferon, ribavirin and either of the first generation hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitors telaprevir or boceprevir, is the new standard of care for treating genotype 1 chronic HCV. Clinical trials have shown response rates of around 70–80%, but there is limited data from the use of this combination outside this setting. Through an expanded access programme, we treated 59 patients, treatment naïve and experienced, with triple therapy. Baseline factors predicting treatment response or failure during triple therapy phase were identified in 58 patients. Thirty seven (63.8%) of 58 patients had undetectable HCV RNA 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Genotype 1a (p = 0.053), null-response to previous treatment (p = 0.034), the rate of viral load decline after 12 weeks of previous interferon-based treatment (p = 0.033) were all associated with triple-therapy failure. The most common cause of on-treatment failure for telaprevir-based regimens was the development of resistance-associated variants (RAVs) at amino acids 36 and/or 155 of HCV protease (p = 0.027) whereas in boceprevir-based regimens mutations at amino acid 54 were significant (p = 0.015). SVR12 rates approaching 64% were achieved using triple therapy outside the clinical trial setting, in a patient cohort that included cirrhotics.

Cutaneous Infection by Different Alternaria Species in a Liver Transplant Recipient

Fungal invasive infections are rare in general population but are an emergent cause of infection in the immunocompromized population, especially in the solid organ transplant recipients. Herein the authors report a clinical case of a liver transplanted patient suffering a cutaneous co-existent infection with A. alternata as well as A. infectoria. To our knowledge this is the first case of cutaneous concomitant infection due to those two species reported not only in Portugal but also worldwide. The patient was treated with surgical excision of the lesions and oral itraconazol without relapse.

The Intensive Care Global Study on Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (IC-GLOSSARI): a Multicenter, Multinational, 14-Day Inception Cohort Study

PURPOSE: In this prospective, multicenter, 14-day inception cohort study, we investigated the epidemiology, patterns of infections, and outcome in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) as a result of severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs). METHODS: All patients admitted to one of 206 participating ICUs during two study weeks, one in November 2013 and the other in January 2014, were screened. SARI was defined as possible, probable, or microbiologically confirmed respiratory tract infection with recent onset dyspnea and/or fever. The primary outcome parameter was in-hospital mortality within 60 days of admission to the ICU. RESULTS: Among the 5550 patients admitted during the study periods, 663 (11.9 %) had SARI. On admission to the ICU, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were found in 29.6 and 26.2 % of SARI patients but rarely atypical bacteria (1.0 %); viruses were present in 7.7 % of patients. Organ failure occurred in 74.7 % of patients in the ICU, mostly respiratory (53.8 %), cardiovascular (44.5 %), and renal (44.6 %). ICU and in-hospital mortality rates in patients with SARI were 20.2 and 27.2 %, respectively. In multivariable analysis, older age, greater severity scores at ICU admission, and hematologic malignancy or liver disease were independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death, whereas influenza vaccination prior to ICU admission and adequate antibiotic administration on ICU admission were associated with a lower risk. CONCLUSIONS: Admission to the ICU for SARI is common and associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. We identified several risk factors for in-hospital death that may be useful for risk stratification in these patients.

the liver endoplasmic reticulum in malaria liver infection

Malaria, a disease caused by Plasmodium, represents a major health problem with a still disconcertingly high mortality rate (655 000 malaria deaths were estimated by the World Health Organization in 2012), mainly in Africa [1]. After a bite by an infected Anopheles mosquito occurs, Plasmodium sporozoites reach their target organ, the liver, within minutes. After traversing several hepatocytes, the parasite invades a final one and establishes a parasitophorous vacuole, where it replicates exponentially generating thousands of infective merozoites, the red blood cell infectious forms that are released in the blood stream. The liver stage is the first obligatory phase of malaria infection and, although no symptoms are associated with it, it is absolutely crucial to the establishment of a successful infection.(...)

Host genetic factors in mouse malaria liver stage infection

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Importation of Acinetobacter baumannii into a burn unit: a recurrent outbreak of infection associated with widespread environmental contamination.

A burn patient was infected with Acinetobacter baumannii on transfer to the hospital after a terrorist attack. Two patients experienced cross-infection. Environmental swab samples were negative for A. baumannii. Six months later, the bacteria reemerged in 6 patients. Environmental swab samples obtained at this time were inoculated into a minimal mineral broth, and culture results showed widespread contamination. No case of infection occurred after closure of the unit for disinfection.