Functional activity of neutrophils and systemic inflammatory response of Down's syndrome patients with periodontal disease

Periodontal disease (PD) is characterized as an inflammatory process that compromises the support and protection of the periodontium. Patients with Down's syndrome (DS) are prone to develop PD. Neutrophils (NE) are the first line of defense against infection and their absence sets the stage for disease. Aim: To compare the activity and function of NE in the peripheral blood from DS patients with and without PD, assisted at the Center for Dental Assistance to Patients with Special Needs affiliated with the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Brazil. Methods: Purified NE were collected from peripheral blood of 22 DS patients. NE were used to detect the 5-lypoxigenase (5-LO) expression by RT-PCR. Plasma from peripheral blood was collected to measure tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by ELISA and nitrite (NO 3) using a Griess assay. Results: Data analysis demonstrated that DS patients with PD present high levels of TNF-a and IL-8 when compared with DS patients without PD. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of NO 3 production between the groups. The levels of the inflammatory mediator 5-LO expression increased in DS patients with PD. Conclusions: According with these results, it was concluded that TNF-α and IL-8 are produced by DS patients with PD. Furthermore, DS patients with PD presented high levels of 5-LO expression, suggesting the presence of leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4) in PD, thus demonstrating that the changes in NE function due to the elevation of inflammatory mediators contribute to PD.

On Hepatitis C Virus Evolution: The Interaction between Virus and Host towards Treatment Outcome

Background:Hepatitis C is a disease spread throughout the world. Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the etiological agent of this disease, is a single-stranded positive RNA virus. Its genome encodes a single precursor protein that yields ten proteins after processing. NS5A, one of the non-structural viral proteins, is most associated with interferon-based therapy response, the approved treatment for hepatitis C in Brazil. HCV has a high mutation rate and therefore high variability, which may be important for evading the immune system and response to therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of NS5A quasispecies before, during, and after treatment in patients infected with HCV genotype 3a who presented different therapy responses.Methods:Viral RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, the NS5A region was amplified and cloned, and 15 clones from each time-point were sequenced. The sequences were analyzed for evolutionary history, genetic diversity and selection.Results:This analysis shows that the viral population that persists after treatment for most non-responder patients is present in before-treatment samples, suggesting it is adapted to evade treatment. In contrast, the population found in before treatment samples from most end-of-treatment responder patients either are selected out or appears in low frequency after relapse, therefore changing the population structure. The exceptions illustrate the uniqueness of the evolutionary process, and therefore the treatment resistance process, in each patient.Conclusion:Although evolutionary behavior throughout treatment showed that each patient presented different population dynamics unrelated to therapy outcome, it seems that the viral population from non-responders that resists the treatment already had strains that could evade therapy before it started. © 2013 Bittar et al.

Virus-host interaction in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection has been the focus of several studies because this virus exhibits genetic and pathogenic characteristics that are similar to those of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). FIV causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in cats, nevertheless, a large fraction of infected cats remain asymptomatic throughout life despite of persistent chronic infection. This slow disease progression may be due to the presence of factors that are involved in the natural resistance to infection and the immune response that is mounted by the animals, as well as due to the adaptation of the virus to the host. Therefore, the study of virus-host interaction is essential to the understanding of the different patterns of disease course and the virus persistence in the host, and to help with the development of effective vaccines and perhaps the cure of FIV and HIV infections. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Salivary epithelial cells as model to study immune response against cutaneous pathogens

The human skin not only provides passive protection as a physical barrier against external injury, but also mediates active surveillance via epidermal cell surface receptors that recognize and respond to potential invaders. Primary keratinocytes and immortalized cell lines, the commonly used sources to investigate immune responses of cutaneous epithelium are often difficult to obtain and/or potentially exhibit changes in cellular genetic make-up. Here we investigated the possibility of using salivary epithelial cells (SEC) to evaluate the host response to cutaneous microbes. Elevated secretion of IFN-γ and IL-12 was observed in the SEC stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus, a transient pathogen of the skin, as mono species biofilm as compared to SEC stimulated with a commensal microbe, the Staphylococcus epidermidis. Co-culture of the SEC with both microbes as dual species biofilm elicited maximum cytokine response. Stimulation with S. aureus alone but not with S. epidermidis alone induced maximum toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) expression in the SEC. Exposure to dual species biofilm induced a sustained upregulation of TLR-2 in the SEC for up to an hour. The data support novel application of the SEC as efficient biospecimen that may be used to investigate personalized response to cutaneous microflora. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Estresse oxidativo em clones de seringueira sob ataque de antracnose-das-folhas

Pós-graduação em Ciência Florestal - FCA

Obtenção de nanoanticorpos e síntese de compostos antichagásicos derivados de tiossemicarbazona

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Participação do receptor toll-like4 na resposta imune durante a esporotricose ecperimental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Polimorfismos do complexo de genes KIR predispõem à hanseníase e modulam seu desenvolvimento para a forma paucibacilar

A hanseníase é uma infecção crônica e granulomatosa da pele e nervos periféricos, que infecta principalmente macrófagos e células de Schwann. A Organização Mundial de Saúde classifica a hanseníase em duas formas polares: multibacilar e paucibacilar, de acordo com o índice baciloscópico e a resposta imune do hospedeiro. As células natural killer (NK) têm um importante papel na infecção, sendo a primeira forma de defesa contra organismos intracelulares. As células NK utilizam muitos tipos de receptores de superfície celular, como os receptores imunoglobulina-símiles de célula NK (KIR), que podem inibir ou ativar a resposta citolítica de NK, através do reconhecimento de moléculas do complexo de histocompatibilidade principal (MHC) de classe I na célula alvo. Nesse estudo caso controle, a presença ou ausência de 15 genes KIR e seus ligantes HLA-C foram investigadas, na intenção de se descrever sua variabilidade genotípica, associação com a hanseníase e sua evolução clínica. A genotipagem do complexo de genes KIR e dos grupos NK1 e NK2 de HLA-C foi feita por PCR-SSP em 105 pacientes e 104 controles. KIR2DL2 e KIR2DL3, na presença do seu ligante HLA-Cw parece predispor à hanseníase (p=0,046; X²= 3,97; OR=1,99; IC 95%= 1,00-3,97). Além disso, a prevalência da hanseníase ao redor do mundo e as freqüências de KIR2DL2 se correlacionaram positivamente. Esse achado, juntamente com a associação entre KIR2DL3 e a tuberculose, descrita por outros autores, sugere que esses genes de receptores inibitórios predispõem à doença. Adicionalmente, o gene KIR2DS2 foi associado com o desenvolvimento da hanseníase paucibacilar (p=0,009; X²= 7,23; OR=3,97; IC 95%= 1,37-9,96), possivelmente modulando o desenvolvimento para a forma mais branda da doença.

Periodontopathogens levels and clinical response to periodontal therapy in individuals with the interleukin-4 haplotype associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Overexpression of UCP1 in tobacco induces mitochondrial biogenesis and amplifies a broad stress response

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Immune response to Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei in sheep and its role on parasite specificity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Behavior of Montandoniola confusa Streito & Matocq (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) preying upon gall-forming thrips Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)

The gall-forming thrips Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) is recorded in all regions where its host plant, Ficus microcarpa (Marchal) (Moraceae), has been cultivated as an urban and interior landscape plant species, including potted plants and bonsai. Similarly, the thrips predator Montandoniola confusa Streito & Matocq (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) has generally followed the prey distribution. The gall induced by thrips degrades the plant foliage, and the thrips themselves can be annoying for people both outdoors and indoors. The galls, however, create a microcosm with all developmental stages of the thrips and its predator. In this study we present the first records of M. confusa in South America, document the species' widespread concomitant occurrence across Brazil, and report our studies of three aspects of M. confusa predation upon the eggs, larvae/prepupae, and adults of G. ficorum thrips: (i) functional response of the predator adult female as a function of different densities of thrips eggs, larvae/prepupae and adults separately: (ii) predation on eggs by adult M. confusa with adult thrips present in the gall; and (iii) adult M. confusa prey preferences when all thrips stages occurred simultaneously in the gall. For all three thrips life stages tested, the predator exhibited a type II functional response. Despite the availability of different life stages in the gall, M. confusa adults are capable of preying upon all life stages of G. ficorum, predation was preferentially on thrips eggs, with an estimated similar to 10-fold greater predation on eggs compared to larvae/prepupae and adult thrips. Egg predation was unaffected by the presence of defensive adult thrips in the gall under low densities (<30 eggs/gall) but when egg densities were greater than 30 eggs/gall, it was reduced when adult thrips were present. However, the relative number of thrips adults per gall did not statistically change the outcome. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Antiplatelet drugs reduce the immunoinflammatory response in a rat model of periodontal disease

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC5 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) movement and host recognition

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação mitocondrial em células mononucleares periféricas caninas infectadas com o vírus da cinomose

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)