School history of Rome, from the foundation of the city to the extinction of the empire of the West.

Mode of access: Internet.

Beautés de l'histoire des croisades, et des différens ordres religieux et militaires, qui en sont nés, depuis leur origine jusqu'a leur extinction. A l'usage de la jeunesse,

Mode of access: Internet.

Colonial slavery. Letters to the Right Hon. William Huskisson, President of the Board of Trade, &c., &c. on the present condition of the slaves, and the means best adapted to promote the mitigation and final extinction of slavery in the British colonies.

Mode of access: Internet.

Specimens of Arabian poetry, from the earliest time to the extinction of the Khaliphat with some account of the authors [microform] /

Arabic and English.

The Society of Shakers. Rise, progress and extinction of the society at Cleveland, O.

Bibliography: p. 114-116.

Des modes d'extinction de l'action en responsabilité née du contrat de transport de marchandises par voie de terre (articles 105 et 108 du code de commerce) modifiés par la loi du 11 avril 1888 ...

Thèse--Univ. de Toulouse.

Harmonic analysis and the theory of probability.

"Notes and references": p. 168-172.

Probability of hurricane/tropical storm conditions : a user's guide for local decision makers /

Cover title.

The effect of legitimate opportunities on the probability of parolee recidivism /

Prepared for the Manpower Administration, U.S. Dept. of Labor.

Local Utility Functions and Local Probability Transformations

This note shows that, under appropriate conditions, preferences may be locally approximated by the linear utility or risk-neutral preference functional associated with a local probability transformation.

A liberation model for comminution based on probability theory

Mineral processing plants use two main processes; these are comminution and separation. The objective of the comminution process is to break complex particles consisting of numerous minerals into smaller simpler particles where individual particles consist primarily of only one mineral. The process in which the mineral composition distribution in particles changes due to breakage is called 'liberation'. The purpose of separation is to separate particles consisting of valuable mineral from those containing nonvaluable mineral. The energy required to break particles to fine sizes is expensive, and therefore the mineral processing engineer must design the circuit so that the breakage of liberated particles is reduced in favour of breaking composite particles. In order to effectively optimize a circuit through simulation it is necessary to predict how the mineral composition distributions change due to comminution. Such a model is called a 'liberation model for comminution'. It was generally considered that such a model should incorporate information about the ore, such as the texture. However, the relationship between the feed and product particles can be estimated using a probability method, with the probability being defined as the probability that a feed particle of a particular composition and size will form a particular product particle of a particular size and composition. The model is based on maximizing the entropy of the probability subject to mass constraints and composition constraint. Not only does this methodology allow a liberation model to be developed for binary particles, but also for particles consisting of many minerals. Results from applying the model to real plant ore are presented. A laboratory ball mill was used to break particles. The results from this experiment were used to estimate the kernel which represents the relationship between parent and progeny particles. A second feed, consisting primarily of heavy particles subsampled from the main ore was then ground through the same mill. The results from the first experiment were used to predict the product of the second experiment. The agreement between the predicted results and the actual results are very good. It is therefore recommended that more extensive validation is needed to fully evaluate the substance of the method. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Protocols for listing threatened species can forecast extinction

Risk-ranking protocols are used widely to classify the conservation status of the world's species. Here we report on the first empirical assessment of their reliability by using a retrospective study of 18 pairs of bird and mammal species (one species extinct and the other extant) with eight different assessors. The performance of individual assessors varied substantially, but performance was improved by incorporating uncertainty in parameter estimates and consensus among the assessors. When this was done, the ranks from the protocols were consistent with the extinction outcome in 70-80% of pairs and there were mismatches in only 10-20% of cases. This performance was similar to the subjective judgements of the assessors after they had estimated the range and population parameters required by the protocols, and better than any single parameter. When used to inform subjective judgement, the protocols therefore offer a means of reducing unpredictable biases that may be associated with expert input and have the advantage of making the logic behind assessments explicit. We conclude that the protocols are useful for forecasting extinctions, although they are prone to some errors that have implications for conservation. Some level of error is to be expected, however, given the influence of chance on extinction. The performance of risk assessment protocols may be improved by providing training in the application of the protocols, incorporating uncertainty in parameter estimates and using consensus among multiple assessors, including some who are experts in the application of the protocols. Continued testing and refinement of the protocols may help to provide better absolute estimates of risk, particularly by re-evaluating how the protocols accommodate missing data.