Regulation and the Management of Expectations - Rating Agencies Revisited

In the aftermath of the 2008 crisis, scholars have begun to revise their conceptions of how market participants interact. While the traditional “rationalist optic” posits market participants who are able to process decisionrelevant information and thereby transform uncertainty into quantifiable risks, the increasingly popular “sociological optic” stresses the role of uncertainty in expectation formation and social conventions for creating confidence in markets. Applications of the sociological optic to concrete regulatory problems are still limited. By subjecting both optics to the same regulatory problem—the role of credit rating agencies (CRAs) and their ratings in capital markets—this paper provides insights into whether the sociological optic offers advice to tackle concrete regulatory problems and discusses the potential of the sociological optic in complementing the rationalist optic. The empirical application suggests that the sociological optic is not only able to improve our understanding of the role of CRAs and their ratings, but also to provide solutions complementary to those posited by the rationalist optic.

What to Expect in the Intake Interview? Impression Management Tactics of Psychotherapy Patients

The therapeutic alliance consists of a mutual dependency between patient and therapist. Whereas earlier studies have focused on the therapists' behavioral influence, the present study examined patients' impression management tactics. The motivation to manage the impressions one has on others is particularly strong during first contact. Patients' behavioral influence was thus examined in the intake interview. Twelve possible impression management tactics were defined on the basis of theoretical conceptions of the therapeutic alliance and discussions with practicing psychotherapists. After a comprehensive training, judges rated 60 videotaped interviews. Interjudge agreement was fair to good. Influence attempts could be observed in roughly 30% of all patients' utterances. The most frequent tactics were Supplication, Provoking a response from the therapist, and Self-promotion. Patients could be grouped into three different clusters of tactic employers: Negative self-presenters, positive self-presenters, and response provokers. Male and female patients did not differ with respect to the total amount of tactics used and to the choice of specific tactics. However, when the therapist was female, male patients used significantly more tactics overall and significantly more often the tactic Negative reports about third persons. Being sensitive to patients' behavioral influence can help therapists to better understand their interactional goals and to better tailor the therapeutic alliance.

Teachers' Views of Human Rights Education

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that education should be "directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms... promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups." This study surveyed 53 teachers on their views of Human Rights Education, including their familiarity with the concept, their self-efficacy with teaching it, and conditions that would increase the likelihood of their teaching it. The study found that, regardless of familiarity with the topic, years of teaching experience, or school location (urban/suburban), most teachers were open to teaching Human Rights Education. They did identify the need for better resources in the form of lesson plans, teaching materials, and professional training. In addition, support from other teachers, administration, and parents was felt to be important in order for them to undertake Human Rights Education. The best strategy to move forward with Human Rights Education would be to provide resources and support for teachers so that we can be living up to the expectations put forth in the UDHR.

Preservice Teacher Preparation in Meeting the Needs of Gifted and Other Academically Diverse Students

The issue of how to respond to the diverse academic needs of students is one of the central challenges of teaching. This project studied how preservice teachers develop an awareness of the needs of academically diverse learners and how they intend to implement and/or modify instruction to meet those needs. Participants all came from one university. As part of the design of the study, the participants were surveyed to investigate (a) their attitudes and beliefs towards academically diverse learners; (b) the teaching practices they would utilize in response to academic diversity in their classrooms; and (c) the confidence they have in their abilities to identify and address these various needs in their classrooms. Several strategies including activities to enhance creativity, cooperative learning, individual instruction, problem-solving activities, and projects were considered noteworthy for the ratings by the preservice teachers as appropriate for all students. Small differences were found based on the preservice teachers' year of placement in the School of Education, indicating that as students progress through this program, they may learn more about different techniques and when and for whom they are appropriate; however, differences across groups were not statistically significant. Results also indicated that across the different years in the program, preservice teachers did not have very high or very low confidence in addressing these issues in their own classrooms. Each grouping fell around the middle level of confidence.

Prospective EFL (English as a Foreign Language) Teachers’ Perceptions of Learner Autonomy

This study investigated prospective EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers’ perceptions of learner autonomy. Main aim was to see whether the education they receive on how to teach English make any difference in prospective EFL teachers’ perceptions regarding learner autonomy. A researcher-developed questionnaire was administered to 179 students studying in the program of ‘Teaching English as a Foreign Language’ at Anadolu University in Turkey. Results of the study indicated that generally there is not much difference between the first and fourth year participants of the study in terms of their perceptions of learner autonomy.

Territorio, educacion y multiculturalidad

La ponencia presenta las líneas iniciales que orientan la inquietud investigativa como parte del proceso de formación doctoral que comienza, pensando en la relación de las concepciones de los maestros en formación en particular sobre el territorio y su incidencia en las prácticas pedagógicas, como una posibilidad de reflexionar sobre estas y los efectos que tienen en la construcción de territorios epistémicos, configurados a partir de las diversas formas de relación con el conocimiento que establecen los sujetos que participan en el acto educativo. En este contexto, es fundamental reconocer el papel de la diversidad cultural en las formas de comprensión de la realidad que diseñan rutas cognitivas en las que los sujetos privilegian unos referentes teóricos, prácticos, axiológicos frente a otros

Healthy aging : Free time of adults

El trabajo que aquí se presenta surge de la necesidad de conceptualizar y profundizar sobre el uso productivo del tiempo libre de las personas adultas mayores. Se llevará a cabo una aproximación teórica sobre las diferentes concepciones de tiempo libre y ocio como dimensiones interdisciplinarias que involucran elementos referidos al entorno en donde personas y comunidades buscan integrarse en un tiempo y espacio determinado

Conciencia histórica : Pasado y presente en la perspectiva de los jóvenes en Portugal

La investigación en educación histórica, de naturaleza esencialmente cualitativa en la línea de los trabajos pioneros de Peter Lee y Denis Shemilt en el Reino Unido, ha sido especialmente fructífera para una enseñanza de calidad. Actualmente, uno de sus enfoques más relevantes ha sido la prospección de indicadores de conciencia histórica de los jóvenes, en la perspectiva del filósofo Jörn Rüsen. Dentro de este marco teórico, se desarrolló un estudio con alumnos portugueses del 9° año de escolaridad con el fin de explorar, a través de las narrativas que construyen sobre la Historia del país y del mundo contemporáneo, las relaciones implícitas entre comprensión del pasado y formación de identidades a nivel nacional y global, en conexión con las concepciones acerca de cambio histórico y orientación temporal. Los resultados que se presentan son discutidos como diagnóstico de la construcción de la conciencia histórica de los jóvenes, constituyéndose como una base de reflexión para prácticas consistentes en el área de Enseñanza de la Historia

The development of professor's professional knowledge in Psychology

This work belongs to the Project "Teaching and learning Psychology: a study of the educational practice in professors and beginners". It is part of an investigation program developed in the context of the subject "Didactic and Practical Planning of Psychology teaching" in which we have been working since 1998. This subject is also considered as the final stage of the formative itinerary for Psychology s professors. The reached results show the incidence that the beliefs and professors' representations have in the teaching processes. By getting into the studies centered in the educational knowledge we guide the inquiry around the development of the professor's professional knowledge and particularly the development of their formation. Our proposal contemplates a formation device which incorporates the observation, reflection, evaluation and self-evaluation of the practice in order to facilitate the reconstruction, significance and re-significance of the teaching and learning processes by giving relevance to the development of the teacher professional knowledge. The analysis of teaching practices process reveals that the mediations that cross the knowledge in the being taught instances are constituted in reflections axes. This involves the future professor's relationship with the knowledge and their projection in the construction of the professional identity.

Psychosocial construction of time and social change

This paper analyzes the psychosocial construction of the conceptions of time and social change, and their relation with the notion of progress set up by modernity as well as their contradictory aspects, considering their historicity as psychosocial and social phenomena. The social construction of the notion of time is discussed; it responds to social organization forms, thus turning the social changes into historical and temporal landmarks. The association between social changes and social movements is argued and the concept of progress is deconstructed. Finally, the importance of the idea of movement in the construction of time, change and progress concepts is pointed out; it is also explained how modernity imbued such notions with direction and goals, in the direction of an arrow, according to the prevailing interests, while modeling them in its own image and likeness.

Conciencia histórica : Pasado y presente en la perspectiva de los jóvenes en Portugal

La investigación en educación histórica, de naturaleza esencialmente cualitativa en la línea de los trabajos pioneros de Peter Lee y Denis Shemilt en el Reino Unido, ha sido especialmente fructífera para una enseñanza de calidad. Actualmente, uno de sus enfoques más relevantes ha sido la prospección de indicadores de conciencia histórica de los jóvenes, en la perspectiva del filósofo Jörn Rüsen. Dentro de este marco teórico, se desarrolló un estudio con alumnos portugueses del 9° año de escolaridad con el fin de explorar, a través de las narrativas que construyen sobre la Historia del país y del mundo contemporáneo, las relaciones implícitas entre comprensión del pasado y formación de identidades a nivel nacional y global, en conexión con las concepciones acerca de cambio histórico y orientación temporal. Los resultados que se presentan son discutidos como diagnóstico de la construcción de la conciencia histórica de los jóvenes, constituyéndose como una base de reflexión para prácticas consistentes en el área de Enseñanza de la Historia

The development of professor's professional knowledge in Psychology

This work belongs to the Project "Teaching and learning Psychology: a study of the educational practice in professors and beginners". It is part of an investigation program developed in the context of the subject "Didactic and Practical Planning of Psychology teaching" in which we have been working since 1998. This subject is also considered as the final stage of the formative itinerary for Psychology s professors. The reached results show the incidence that the beliefs and professors' representations have in the teaching processes. By getting into the studies centered in the educational knowledge we guide the inquiry around the development of the professor's professional knowledge and particularly the development of their formation. Our proposal contemplates a formation device which incorporates the observation, reflection, evaluation and self-evaluation of the practice in order to facilitate the reconstruction, significance and re-significance of the teaching and learning processes by giving relevance to the development of the teacher professional knowledge. The analysis of teaching practices process reveals that the mediations that cross the knowledge in the being taught instances are constituted in reflections axes. This involves the future professor's relationship with the knowledge and their projection in the construction of the professional identity.

Psychosocial construction of time and social change

This paper analyzes the psychosocial construction of the conceptions of time and social change, and their relation with the notion of progress set up by modernity as well as their contradictory aspects, considering their historicity as psychosocial and social phenomena. The social construction of the notion of time is discussed; it responds to social organization forms, thus turning the social changes into historical and temporal landmarks. The association between social changes and social movements is argued and the concept of progress is deconstructed. Finally, the importance of the idea of movement in the construction of time, change and progress concepts is pointed out; it is also explained how modernity imbued such notions with direction and goals, in the direction of an arrow, according to the prevailing interests, while modeling them in its own image and likeness.

Territorio, educacion y multiculturalidad

La ponencia presenta las líneas iniciales que orientan la inquietud investigativa como parte del proceso de formación doctoral que comienza, pensando en la relación de las concepciones de los maestros en formación en particular sobre el territorio y su incidencia en las prácticas pedagógicas, como una posibilidad de reflexionar sobre estas y los efectos que tienen en la construcción de territorios epistémicos, configurados a partir de las diversas formas de relación con el conocimiento que establecen los sujetos que participan en el acto educativo. En este contexto, es fundamental reconocer el papel de la diversidad cultural en las formas de comprensión de la realidad que diseñan rutas cognitivas en las que los sujetos privilegian unos referentes teóricos, prácticos, axiológicos frente a otros

Healthy aging : Free time of adults

El trabajo que aquí se presenta surge de la necesidad de conceptualizar y profundizar sobre el uso productivo del tiempo libre de las personas adultas mayores. Se llevará a cabo una aproximación teórica sobre las diferentes concepciones de tiempo libre y ocio como dimensiones interdisciplinarias que involucran elementos referidos al entorno en donde personas y comunidades buscan integrarse en un tiempo y espacio determinado