Viabilidade técnica da fabricação de compósito utilizando fibra de pneu na fabricação de blocos intertravados

This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a ceramic composite containing fiber in the rubber manufacturing interlocking blocks. Gravel, sand, cement, rubber and fiber: the processes of manufacture and assembly of blocks produced and the various formulations studied with different proportions between the constituent elements were addressed. Mechanical properties were determined for the different formulations, compressive strength, diametral compressive strength, water absorption and apparent density, obeying the rules related to each property. It was concluded that the addition of rubber fiber gave the concrete studied resistance lower than conventional concrete which can be verified on the microstructural analysis obtained by SEM, which revealed the presence of pores and the low adhesion between the fiber and the matrix compression (tire fiber / cement paste). The composite of more viable tire BCPB1 (1/2) fiber can be used in places requests as light squares, pavements, roads and other cycle as well as in the manufacture of the curb and gutter, by having compressive strength in about 20 MPa

Caracterização mecânica, térmica e acústica de um compósito que utiliza rejeitos de mármore, granito e EPS para a fabricação de blocos para a construção civil

The use of composite materials for the construction industry has been the subject of numerous scientific papers in Brazil and in the world. One of the factors that motivate this quest is the housing deficit that countries especially the third world face. In Brazil this deficit reaches more than 6.5 million homes, around 12% of all US households . This paper presents a composite that was obtained from waste generated in processes for the production of granite and marble slabs, cement, gypsum, sand, crushed EPS and water. These wastes cause great damage to the environment and are thrown into landfi lls in bulk. The novelty of the work is in the combined study thermal, mechanical and acoustic composite obtained in real situation of rooms that are part of an experimental housing. Many blocks were made from cement compositions, plaster, foam, sand, marb le and / or granite, preliminary tests of mechanical and thermal resistance were made by choosing the most appropriate proportion. Will be given the manufacturing processes and assembly units 500 units 10 x 80 x 28 cm produced for the construction of an ex perimental home. We studied what kind of block and residue, marble or granite, made it more feasible for the intended purpose. The mechanical strength of the produced blocks were above 3.0 MPa. The thermal resistance of the blocks was confirmed by the maxi mum temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of rooms built around 8.0 ° C. The sound absorption for optimal room was around 31%. Demonstrated the feasibility of using the blocks manufactured with composite material proposed for construction.

Avaliação da conformidade dos blocos cerâmicos produzidos em algumas cerâmicas no Rio Grande do Norte

The final quality of the works accomplished by the building construction industry depends directly on the quality of the materials supplied and used during all their phases of execution. The federal government participation and several state programs have established conditions to stimulate and require the increment of the quality level in the building construction industry´s product chain. These programs aim at the product conformity to the technical standards. Within this context, the evaluation program of the ceramic product conformity in Rio Grande do Norte state is assessing the conformity degree to Brazilian Technical Standards of ceramic bricks and tiles made in the ceramic production area in the state. In this work, is determine the degree of conformity of the sealing ceramic bricks made by some companies in different areas of the state, such as Assú, São Gonçalo do Amarante, Apodi, Parelhas, São José do Mipibu e Macaíba. Using the technical standards as a point of reference, we attempted to reproduce in the laboratory the experimental procedures to the analysis execution, according to the specifications. It was possible to determine that none of the evaluated samples are in strict conformity with the current technical standards, what reflects the real situation of the products available on the market.

Modelagem e análise dinâmica de um sistema de conversão de energia eólica dotado de gerador síncrono de imã permanente utilizando a plataforma ATP

Human development requires a broad balance between ecological, social and economic factors in order to ensure its own sustainability. In this sense, the search for new sources of energy generation, with low deployment and operation costs, which cause the least possible impact to the environment, has been the focus of attention of all society segments. To do so, the reduction in exploration of fossil fuels and the encouragement of using renewable energy resources for distributed generation have proved interesting alternatives to the expansion of the energy matrix of various countries in the world. In this sense, the wind energy has acquired an increasingly significant role, presenting increasing rates of power grid penetration and highlighting technological innovations such as the use of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG). In Brazil, this fact has also been noted and, as a result, the impact of the inclusion of this source in the distribution and sub-transmission power grid has been a major concern of utilities and agents connected to Brazilian electrical sector. Thus, it is relevant the development of appropriate computational tools that allow detailed predictive studies about the dynamic behavior of wind farms, either operating with isolated load, either connected to the main grid, taking also into account the implementation of control strategies for active/reactive power generation and the keeping of adequate levels of voltage and frequency. This work fits in this context since it comprises mathematical and computational developments of a complete wind energy conversion system (WECS) endowed with PMSG using time domain techniques of Alternative Transients Program (ATP), which prides itself a recognized reputation by scientific and academic communities as well as by electricity professionals in Brazil and elsewhere. The modeling procedures performed allowed the elaboration of blocks representing each of the elements of a real WECS, comprising the primary source (the wind), the wind turbine, the PMSG, the frequency converter, the step up transformer, the load composition and the power grid equivalent. Special attention is also given to the implementation of wind turbine control techniques, mainly the pitch control responsible for keeping the generator under the maximum power operation point, and the vector theory that aims at adjusting the active/reactive power flow between the wind turbine and the power grid. Several simulations are performed to investigate the dynamic behavior of the wind farm when subjected to different operating conditions and/or on the occurrence of wind intensity variations. The results have shown the effectiveness of both mathematical and computational modeling developed for the wind turbine and the associated controls.

Gestão Social em Empreendimentos Econômicos Solidários: uma abordagem no Oeste Potiguar

The central research question was to search for data to ratify the theory and discourse of the so-called practitioners of economic solidarity, by defending the substantive rationality should guide the principles of economic solidary, designing the space economy incidental and not the primacy of relations in determining social as well, reflecting the predominance of dimensions of social management in administrative practices of ESS's. For both analyzed the theoretical dimensions of social management - sociopolitical, economic, organizational and environmental - manifested in organizational practices supportive of economic organization Potiguar West. For the success of the research realized the triangulation involving a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches. At first the research will use a quantitative approach, from the cluster analysis, to verify the behavior of the sample chosen for this study. In the second stage of the qualitative study was carried out focus group technique (FLICK, 2002) for further analysis of the dimensions of social management on organizational practices supportive of economic organization, related to the principles of Solidary Economy, established in a quantitative approach. In quantitative analysis, the socio-political dimension, it was clear that the more equity instruments of internal and external, from the purposeful living in public spaces, the best monetary results. Another point worth stressing concerns the economic dimension, with the practice reciprocity prevailing in market. Thus, the qualitative approach was possible to understand the processes of exchange of product or service. Rural enterprises surveyed in the allocation of the agro-ecological products have the following scale of priority, sequentially: self-consumption (domestic), market and exchange. The research leads to the fact that training and practices that enhance the socio-political dimension (knowledge, empowerment, sense of belonging) become the guiding principle for the strengthening of the social management in the context of other dimensions, leading to gains sociopolitical, economic, organizational and environmental. Despite the weaknesses found in the organizational dimension and environment, both in a quantitative as in qualitative, we determined that the practices of ESS's Potiguar West incorporate predominantly elements of social management and economic solidarity, with a preponderance of substantive rationality in the primacy of the instrumental. Finally, research has brought information that the participants of the ESS's do not give the money economy primacy in determining social relations, which in turn leads to the confirmation that, in practice the solidarity economy, prevailing the dominance of substantive rationality, as a guide for organizational practices

Sustentabilidade de empreendimentos econômicos solidários: contribuições e desafios do PITCPES/UFPA a partir da análise da Cooperativa dos Fruticultores de Abaetetuba - COFRUTA

The study aimed to understand how the methodology of hatching contributes to the sustainability of economic enterprises in solidarity. For analysis, we developed a study on the social economy and the incubation methodology, based on the program of teaching, research and extension - Technological Incubator of Popular Cooperatives and Entrepreneurship Solidarity (PITCPES), and as the survey of the Cooperative of Fruit of Abaetetuba - COFRUTA. We started from the exploratory-descriptive approach in a qualitative and quantitative, in order to demonstrate the process of sustainability under the dimensions of different kinds such as: the economic dimension, social dimension, the political dimension, size and scale management training. Based on the analysis of these different dimensions was reached results as: first the recognition that the incubator contributes to the sustainability of COFRUTA, especially with regard to planning, control and the need to diversify production. However, there was suggestion of cooperative for training and technical assistance is continued, to the extent that the performance of projects under the base leaves gaps for the learning and application of social technologies required to the Incubator. It also concluded that the dissertation contributes to the team of the incubator can assess their strengths and weaknesses in their performance

Hacia una única catalogación de los derechos fundamentales. Los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales de las personas con discapacidad como derechos fundamentales

Este documento aborda en un primer capítulo la problemática o avances que se han producido en el reconocimiento de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad a lo largo de un análisis por sectores; el grado de recepción de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad en el momento presente, en cuanto antítesis. En el segundo capítulo, se analizan los elementos definidores de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, tanto desde el aspecto del concepto, como del fundamento. Y finalmente, en el tercero se exponen los obstáculos doctrinales que han impedido un desenvolvimiento pleno de una categoría integrada de estos derechos y se presentan una serie de propuestas para la mejor defensa de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad.

Impactos sociales y económicos de la hidroeléctrica en Ituango

La hidroeléctrica Ituango es el proyecto de generación de energía más grande de Colombia y que tiene una importancia enorme para los pueblos que están ubicados en el área de influencia de esta obra. Ituango es un municipio ubicado en el norte lejano del departamento de Antioquia, que posee unas características especiales y que ha cambiado considerablemente su forma de vivir por la llegada del proyecto hidroeléctrico, considerando la magnitud de la obra, la llegada de más personas a la zona y el cambio socioeconómico que surge a raíz de esta situación.

Ciclos econômicos e emissão de CO2 no Brasil: uma análise dinâmica para políticas ambientais ótimas

Este artigo estuda como as políticas ambientais devem responder de forma ótima aos ciclos econômicos no Brasil. Para isso utilizamos um modelo de ciclos reais de negócios (RBC) com externalidades de poluição. Os resultados indicam que o custo de mitigação de emissões de carbono é mais baixo que o da poluição no Brasil, justificando a adoção de políticas restritivas. Além disso, diante de choques de produtividade, o comportamento ótimo é uma política de mitigação pró-cíclica, onde o imposto e o teto de emissões devem aumentar em períodos de expansão da economia e diminuir em períodos de crise. Também definimos uma regra de decisão para a dinâmica da política de mitigação.

Extração de blocos graníticos nas pedreiras de Cinza Ariz e Amarelo Macieira da empresa Polimagra – Granitos, S.A

A perfuração em maciços rochosos desempenha um papel fundamental na área da exploração e extração de rocha ornamental, nomeadamente em granitos. Para esse efeito, e como irá ser abordado neste trabalho, são utilizados pela empresa Polimagra – Granitos, S.A, nas pedreiras que explora, dois sistemas de perfuração: perfuração hidráulica e perfuração pneumática. Sendo um dos objetivos deste trabalho perceber qual o tipo de perfuração que apresenta maior rentabilidade, torna-se importante perceber as principais características dos dois sistemas de perfuração em estudo. Para isso, com a realização deste estágio curricular na empresa Polimagra – Granitos, S.A, foi possível comparar as principais diferenças dos dois sistemas utilizados, através do acompanhamento dos trabalhos de lavra em pedreiras, da cronometragem de tempos de perfuração em maciço rochoso granítico e da realização de um estudo de fracturação nas pedreiras de Cinza Ariz e Amarelo Macieira. Durante este tempo do estágio foi ainda possível acompanhar os diferentes métodos de transformação utilizado sobre os diferentes granitos obtidos, nas instalações fabris da empresa Polimagra – Granitos, S.A. De destacar ainda, e dentro da área da transformação do granito, a utilização de um sistema robótico de tecnologia de ponta, para corte, acabamento e embalamento de produtos em granito.

Producción de microtubérculos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.), cultivar Burren en biorreactores económicos de inmersión temporal

El estudio de microtuberización del cultivar de papa Burren se realizó en el Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos de la Universidad Nacional Agraria entre los meses de junio a diciembre del 2015. Se estudiaron las fases de multiplicación y formación de microtubérculos en Biorreactores Económicos de Inmersión Temporal (BEIT). En la fase de multiplicación se evaluó la formación de plantas completas cuando se sembraron 70 microesquejes en cinco variantes de medios de cultivo. Se empleó un diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar con arreglo unifactorial con réplicas conformadas por 2 BEIT, y para definir las diferencias estadísticas entre las medias (ANDEVA) de los tratamientos se realizó la prueba de rangos múltiples de Duncan-Waller ( = 0.05). En la formación de plantas se evaluaron la longitud de plantas, número de hojas y número de brotes que se les realizó la prueba de medias de diferencia mínima significativa con α = 0.05, se calculó el porcentaje de supervivencia. Como resultado se obtuvo en las variantes de medios de cultivo que contenían 0.20 mg l-1 de GA3 con 0.50 mg l-1 de BAP y 0.10 mg l-1 de GA3 con 1 mg l-1 de BAP, se obtuvieron medias respectivas en número de entrenudos de 6.32-5.7 y en número de hojas por planta de 7.37-6.93. Adiciones de sacarosa de 80 g l-1 y 110 g l-1 favorecieron la formación de microtubérculos de peso fresco con medias entre 0.69-0.75 gramos. La adición de sacarosa entre 80 g l-1 y 120 g l-1 no se registró diferencias estadísticas significativas entre las medias de las variables diámetro y longitud de microtubérculos. Con microtubérculos con diámetro mayor a los 10 mm se obtuvieron medias en longitud de planta, número de hojas y número de brotes de 21, 16.35 y 5.65 cm respectivamente y con diámetros entre 8-10 mm las medias respectivas fueron de 16.37, 11.35 y 5.35 cm.

Microtuberización del cultivar de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) Banba en biorreactores económicos de inmersión temporal

El trabajo se realizó en el laboratorio de cultivo de tejidos de la Universidad Nacional Agraria (UNA) de mayo a septiembre de 2015. El mismo pretende sentar las bases de la producción de semilla básica con un método innovador, al producir microtubérculos de papa del cultivar Banba en BEITs y determinar la mejor variante de medio de cultivo en la fase de multiplicación y microtuberización. Se buscaron las características morfológicas deseadas, mediante el efecto de cinco variantes de medios de cultivos (0.10 y 0.20 mg l -1 de GA3 con 0.5 y 1 mg l -1 de bencilaminopurina (BAP)). Posteriormente se utilizaron cinco variantes de medios con BAP para la etapa de microtuberización en BEIT con 3000 ml de medio de cultivo en condiciones de crecimiento de 20 ± 3 °C, 16 horas luz y 8 de oscuridad con intensidad de luz de 2000 lux. El ensayo se estableció en BCA unifactorial con tres repeticiones. Para determinar las diferencias estadísticas entre las medias de los tratamientos se realizó la prueba de medias de diferencia mínima significativa (LSD) de Fisher con (α = 0.05). En los medios de multiplicación para las características altura de planta y número de brotes axilares, presentó mejor desempeño el medio con 0.10 mg l -1 de GA3 y 0.50 de BAP. Para el número de entrenudos no hubo diferencias significativas y para el número de hojas la mejor respuesta se obtuvo con 0.10 mg l -1 de GA3 y 0.50 g l -1 de BAP. En microtuberización se obtuvieron buenos resultados en microtubérculos por planta, diámetro y longitud en el medio de cultivo con 1 mg l -1 de BAP y 11% de sacarosa, así como microtubérculos esféricos superiores a los 0,6 g de peso en 36%.