928 resultados para biodiesel wastewater
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG
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The effects of municipal-treated wastewater on growth and gas exchange characteristics were studied in eucalyptus plants cultivated in a greenhouse under continuous sub irrigation with 70 % Long Ashton solution as a control, 100 % treated wastewater, and treated wastewater diluted 50 % with tap water. Irrigation with wastewater resulted in a reduction of total dry matter per plant and the shoot-to-root ratio and increased specific leaf mass, irrespective of the dilution. The gas exchange characteristics were adversely affected by the irrigation with wastewater, with photosynthetic rates been negatively affected. Total chlorophyll and carotenoids content were reduced in plants grown under treated wastewater. The results demonstrated that when the eucalyptus plants were grown under treated wastewater as the only source of mineral nutrients they were able to produce nearly 50 % of the dry matter produced by the plants grown under appropriate mineral nutrient supply, irrespective of the dilution. Therefore, the contribution of mineral nutrients and organic matter from the treated wastewater used as agricultural irrigation will be significant in lower the fertilizer rates without reducing dry matter production per plant.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Euonymus japonica Thunb. (euonymus) plants were submitted for 9 months to two irrigation treatments using water from different sources: a control (C) water with electrical conductivity (EC) less than 1.2 dS.m(-1) and reclaimed wastewater (RW) with EC approximate to 4 dS.m(-1). At the end of the experiment, no differences in the total dry weight were observed between treatments, whereas the leaf dry mass increased (to the detriment of the root part in RW plants). Throughout the day, the stem water potential (Psi(stem)) of the RW plants was lower than in C, whereas stomatal conductance (g(S)) was slightly reduced in RW from 0800 HR to 1200 HR, but no significant variation in photosynthesis (P-n) or energy conversion efficiency (F'(v)/F'(m)) in photosystem II was detected through the effect of salinity. Gas exchange and fluorescence showed a tendency to increase after midday in plants treated with RW. The photosynthetic behavior and fluorescence of RW plants may have been related to the nitrogen and chlorophyll content of the leaves, confirming the resistance of the photosynthetic mechanism to salinity in this species in these conditions. The toxic effects produced by high concentrations of boron (B), sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) were offset by the effect of other ions like magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and phosphorus (P) in plants irrigated with RW, thus improving their physiological status without decreasing their ornamental value.
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A atual demanda por produtos alternativos que substituam os combustíveis fósseis, causadores de alto impacto ambiental negativo, tem fomentado pesquisas em diferentes áreas como o emprego de lipases microbianas como biocatalisadores no setor de energia. Como mais uma forma de busca por tecnologias limpas, há também interesse no aproveitamento de resíduos agroindustriais. Nessa vertente, o Brasil como grande produtor agrícola se destaca na geração de subprodutos como o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Uma alternativa mais ecológica para atender a essa demanda é a produção de biodiesel, produzido a partir da transesterificação de triglicerídeos de origem animal ou vegetal, tendo como características não ser tóxico, ser biodegradável e fonte renovável de energia. As lipases são enzimas que aceleram reações de hidrólise e síntese, podendo ser obtidas de microorganismos por meio de processos de fermentação em estado sólido, porém com alta demanda de recursos financeiros para sua produção. Hoje em dia, o que está em alta na indústria de tecnologia com enzimas é a utilização de resíduos agroindustriais e processos de imobilização com o intuito de diminuir os gastos em sua produção, um dos gargalos para seu uso mais amplo. Neste trabalho foi analisada a viabilidade do uso do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar misturado a farelos de soja ou trigo como meios de cultivo em fermentação semi-sólida, assim como a melhor concentração de umidade para o desenvolvimento de lipases pelo microorganismos estudados. Foi testada também a viabilidade de imobilização das lipases produzidas em suporte de celite
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Faced with the global discussion about the development of new alternative energy sources, this work tries to contribute to the understanding of the introduction of biodiesel in the energy market, identifying the barriers in the social logic, economic and productive in different spaces, rural and urban. Based on the guidelines of the National Biodiesel Production and Use Program (PNPB), it intended to accompany the implementation of public policies in relation to family farmers settled in the Pontal, located in the western region of São Paulo. In parallel, we will analyze the organizational structure and logistics of the production of biodiesel in the city, although it does not dependent on agricultural production and it is not a target of public policies, it takes advantage of the demand created by PNPB when it comes to increasing the amount of biodiesel blended with mineral origin diesel. The activity examined in the urban space is the collection of used frying oil held by Ecosanta Biofuels, a company located in the town of Maua, São Paulo metropolitan region. The monograph aims to broaden our understanding despite the urban-rural issue regarding the obstacles and opportunities in expanding renewable energy
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The oil and biodiesel are oily substances which, if spilled or thrown out in the environment, can cause serious damages. In this context, bioremediation techniques can be used to the recovering of sites degradated by mineral or vegetable oil, besides them, the biodegradation. However, it is necessary that there are microorganism strains used to degradate the contaminant, previously selected for the fast, efficient and minimum impact remediation. The main objective of this study was to isolate microorganism strains coming from different ecological recesses and verify their potentiality on biodegradating oil and biodiesel. Strains of bacteria, fungi and yeasts were isolated from soils contaminated by hydrocarbons (diesel, gasoline, grease) before, by doing striations on culture plates. On the biodegradation tests, it was used the redox indicator, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP), then, after the indicador’s discoloration, the absorbance of the suspension obtained was measured. 46 different microorganism strains were isolated, and the oil, when it was used as a carbon resource, it was degradate easier than the biodiesel. The experiments showed that, in a period, the site impacted by oil spills recovers itself by the biodegradation, in aerobic conditions, by the redox activity.
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The uninterrupted rise in emission of greenhouse gases open way to the use of biofuels, due to politics that focus on fuel safe, clean and renewable. The use of microalgae for biodiesel production has been described as one of the most promising sources of biomass for biofuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction and lipid profile of the microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta, Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselsim gracilis. The extractions were performed with solvents chloroform /methanol and petroleum ether. The lipid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography after transesterification.The petroleum ether showed more efficiency in the extraction, the best result obtained was in the microalgae D. tertiolecta with 19.52% of lipid. The lipid profile analysis indicated a biodiesel stable to oxidation and elevated viscosity
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Atividades relacionadas com a extração do petróleo, bem como as atividades derivadas envolvem grandes riscos, que podem ser ambientais ou à saúde humana. Podem ser de forma direta, como os derramamentos, ou indireta, como resíduos gerados pela sua utilização, poluindo ar, corpos d’água e solos. A biorremediação consiste na utilização de microrganismos tais como as bactérias, fungos filamentosos e leveduras para remediar um ambiente contaminado, transformando os compostos em algo pouco tóxico ou sem nenhuma toxicidade. A ciência que estuda os efeitos tóxicos nos organismos e no ambiente se chama toxicologia. Por isso existe uma íntima ligação entre essas duas ciências. O presente projeto tem como objetivo estudar a toxicidade de óleos lubrificantes automotivos (mineral novo, sintético novo e usado), óleos vegetais (novo e usado) e biodiesel durante sua biodegradação em ambiente terrestre. Análises descritivas e comparativas são as bases para o estudo e compreensão da biodegradação dos contaminantes aqui citados. Os testes toxicológicos darão uma idéia de biodegradação dos diferentes contaminantes no solo. Para os testes de toxicidade serão utilizadas sementes de Eruca sativa (rúcula), sementes de Lactuca sativa (alface) e Eisenia andrei (minhoca). Após 180 dias de biodegradação dos compostos pôde-se concluir que o óleo lubrificante sintético é o mais biodegradável e os demais contaminantes necessitam de tempo de biodegradação superior a 6 meses para que sua toxicidade fique baixa.