1000 resultados para Variação ponderal
Resumo:
In this dissertation, under the light of a sociofunctionalist approach (TAVARES, 2003; 2013; GORSKI; TAVARES, 2013), I analyze 378 data of pronouns tu and você extracted from 12 conversations belonging to Natal Conversational Data Base (CUNHA, 2010). I have the following objectives: (i) mapping linguistic and extralinguistic specialization trends of second person singular subject pronouns tu and você in the speech of Natal (RN); (ii) assessing the role of the principle of persistence (HOPPER, 1991) as a possible motivating factor of specialization trends of pronouns tu and você; (iii) identify in which of the six pronouns subsystems proposed by Scherre et al. (2009) is situated the speech community of Natal portrayed in this study. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, I submitted the data to multivariate statistical analysis, which have provided frequencies and relative weights.I obtained, as relevant factor groups, according to the statistical analysis, the nature of the relationship between the interlocutors (if the relationship is asymmetric, less intimate, and more formal, the use of você is favored; if the relationship is symmetrical, intimate and informal, the use of tu is favored); the degree of formality of the environment in which the conversation takes place (in more informal environments tu was favored; in more formal environments você were favored); and the type of discourse (reported / not reported) (tu was favored in not reported discourse and você was favored in reported discourse). Based on results regarding to these factors groups, I organized a panorama of specializations of pronouns tu and você, noting that tu seems specialized for more informal contexts of use than those for which você seems specialized. The motivation underlying these trends of specialization may be the principle of persistence, since along its historical development, você carries a trace of greater formality or, at least, less intimacy, when contrasted to tu. Finally, I concluded that, of the six pronoun subsystems proposed by Scherre et al. (2009), the speech community of Natal can be framed in the fifth, characterized by variable use of subject pronouns tu and você, with more frequent use of você than tu, and rare occurrence of agreement of tu with second-person singular verb.
Resumo:
This work aims to investigate the behavior of fractal and helical elements structures in planar microstrip. In particular, the frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) had changed its conventional elements to fractal and helical formats. The dielectric substrate used was fiberglass (FR-4) and has a thickness of 1.5 mm, a relative permittivity 4.4 and tangent loss equal to 0.02. For FSSs, was adopting the Dürer’s fractal geometry and helical geometry. To make the measurements, we used two antennas horns in direct line of sight, connected by coaxial cable to the vector network analyzer. Some prototypes were select for built and measured. From preliminary results, it was aimed to find practical applications for structures from the cascading between them. For FSSs with Dürer’s fractal elements was observed behavior provided by the multiband fractal geometry, while the bandwidth has become narrow as the level of iteration fractal increased, making it a more selective frequency with a higher quality factor. A parametric analysis allowed the analysis of the variation of the air layer between them. The cascading between fractal elements structure were considered, presented a tri-band behavior for certain values of the layer of air between them, and find applications in the licensed 2.5GHz band (2.3-2.7) and 3.5GHz band (3.3-3.8). For FSSs with helical elements, six structures were considered, namely H0, H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5. The electromagnetic behavior of them was analyzed separately and cascaded. From preliminary results obtained from the separate analysis of structures, including the cascade, the higher the bandwidth, in that the thickness of the air layer increases. In order to find practical applications for helical structures cascaded, the helical elements structure has been cascaded find applications in the X-band (8.0-12.0) and unlicensed band (5.25-5.85). For numerical and experimental characterization of the structures discussed was used, respectively, the commercial software Ansoft Designer and a vector network analyzer, Agilent N5230A model.
Resumo:
The caatinga is considered the only exclusively Brazilian biome, with a total area of 735.000km². It is estimated that about 59% of this area has already been removed and only 2% are protected in conservations units. The region is characteristic by strong seasonality and heterogeneity in their environments. This paper sets generate information on morphological and population patterns Lanio pilatus in two areas of caatinga of Estação Ecológica do Seridó (ESEC – Seridó), Serra Negra do Norte - RN. Data collection was performed in six phases between July 2012 and December 2014, covering the end of the dry and rainy seasons in the region. The captures were performed with nets and individuals captured were marked with metal rings and measured (weight, wing length, tail, tarsus, culmen and tip of the bill to nostril). Through these measures, we observed that only males of open area range in weight during the dry and rainy season, youngs were significantly lower for all parameters measured, and males were larger than females in three characteristics (weight, wing length and tail) in open area and only one (wing length) in the closed area. The population parameters were generated from the mark-capture-recapture technique by program MARK, using the techniques of robust design and CJS. The survival probability of detection and population estimates varied with time. Only individuals of open area fluctuated in their estimates during the study. Overall, the environment was a great mediator of results which increases the need for more studies on the life history of the species in the region.
Resumo:
The present article discusses the directives of the policies of the initial teachers’ formation introduced in Brazil in the 1990’s. These directives have brought new directions and demands, both to the formation institutions and to teachers’ formation. This work analyzes the enlargement and the variation of the formation locus, a topic criticized by the teaching educators for enabling different and flexible models which have taken to a more technical and instrumental formation to the detriment of a theoretical and practical solid formation. In a general way, the study reveals that the CEFET’s use as a space of teachers’ formation has given priority to the quantitative aspects, the optimization of the resources and the instrumentation of the educators’ formation, even though under the speech of the quality of the educational process. Differently, the operationalization of this policy at CEFET-RN has favored a formative model, which has joined research, extension and teaching, guaranteeing the specificity of a solid formation, as well as the articulation between theory and practice and the sense of investigation, necessary characteristics to the formation of a devoted educator with the quality of public education.
Resumo:
Some of the current discussions in the teaching of Portuguese Language (LP) pertain to how the school should deal with the phenomenon of language variation in the classroom. In 2010, for example, an explosion of talk took over the academic corridors: a book, entitled "Por uma vida melhor", the collection "Viver, Aprender", published by the MEC (Ministry of Education and Culture) to students EJA (Youth and Adults) brought notions regarding linguistic variation, even in their first chapter. In it is clear the notion that it is possible to make use of structures as "pretty boy", instead of "pretty boys", depending on the context in which such use is insert. Therefore, the discussions focused around the notions of variety cultivated, standard and popular measuring them to the possibilities of linguistic appropriateness. The community was surprised by the defense of the "power" to use, since it would be the school space to teach a standard "default", and not the possibility of legitimate use of grammatical patterns that clashed with those recommended in traditional grammars. The television media has been responsible for a major blaze that MEC had endorsed the use in schools of a book that legitimized such linguistic patterns. The quarrel was released on Youtube and in that space, netizens expressed themselves for or against the proposal of LD often directing the discussion to questions of a purely political. We observed that, on one side, loomed arguments related to Sociolinguistics (BAGNO , 2002, 2003, 2007, 2009; BAGNO, M.; STUBBS, M., Gagne, G., 2006; Bortoni - RICARDO, S.M., 2008; Tarallo, F., 1982; U. Weinreich, MARVIN I. HERZOG, Labov, W., 1968, Labov 1972, etc.); another, arguments concentrated on defending the school is the area of language teaching standard, and not fit to bring certain discussions within an LD. It was from these words, that this research was born. Interested in the particular way that the community media, which seemed to have no training in linguistics, understand the concepts of right, wrong, appropriate and inappropriate, so intimate in academic circles. Our thoughts take as reference the theoretical studies on the question of sociolinguistic variation and education, official documents that guide the "work" with the Portuguese language in the classroom, like the NCP (National Curriculum) and Curriculum Proposal for Education Youth and Adult (PCEJA). In our analysis, we found that LD" For a better life "makes no apology for teaching the "error", but it raises discussions about the possibility of "change", linked to factors and different order. We realize how significant it is to observe how speakers of a language are positioned in relation to language teaching which they are not speakers and scholars. Our study showed that certain issues regarding the teaching of the Portuguese language, as is the case of linguistic variation, points are far from being resolved, either for linguists and/or grammarians, whether for language speakers.
Resumo:
La obesidad es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Su prevalencia se ha multiplicado por más de dos entre 1980 y 2014. La Organización Mundial de la salud (OMS) ha estimado que 170 millones de jóvenes menores de 18 años presentan exceso de peso y ha considerado la obesidad como una epidemia a nivel mundial. La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica de origen multifactorial que viene determinada por la interacción de factores genéticos, biológicos, socioeconómicos, conductuales y ambientales actuando a través de mediadores fisiológicos nutricionales en la ingesta y gasto de energía. El sobrepeso y la obesidad son factores de riesgo relacionados con el desarrollo de diabetes, alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico, síndrome metabólico, hipertensión arterial, esteatosis hepática, litiasis biliar, alteraciones respiratorios, ortopédicas, trastornos psicológicos y de la alimentación y también en ocasiones inadaptación social del adolescente. Estos desajustes se pueden perpetuar y agravarse en la edad adulta, por lo que tanto el sobrepeso como la obesidad suponen un grave problema sanitario, económico y social, frente al cual es prioritario luchar. Numerosos estudios e investigaciones evidencian la relación existente entre la obesidad y sus inicios en la vida intrauterina, es decir, la relación entre el comportamiento nutricional y ponderal de la madre antes y/o durante el embarazo y las consecuencias en la salud de sus descendientes en la edad adulta...
Resumo:
Programa de doctorado: Avances en Traumatología, Medicina del Deporte, Cuidado de heridas (Interdepartamental) (Bienio 2008/2010)
Resumo:
Objetivos: Analisar a variação sazonal e a influência de fatores meteorológicos na incidência a 5 anos de descolamento regmatógeno da retina (DRR), na região centro do país e região autónoma da Madeira (RAM). Métodos: Série de casos consecutiva, retrospetiva e multicêntrica. Incluíram-se doentes submetidos a cirurgia de DRR no Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra e Hospital Doutor Nélio Mendonça entre Janeiro’10 e Dezembro’14. A seleção de casos foi feita através codificação ICD-9-CM e os critérios de inclusão foram: 1)idade ≥18 anos; 2)DRR de novo; 3)reparação cirúrgica do DRR. Consideraram-se critérios de exclusão: 1)DR tracional, exsudativo ou misto; 2)DR antigo ou re-descolamento; 3)soluções de continuidade ou lesões regmatógenas tratadas apenas com laser. Os dados meteorológicos diários das estações de Coimbra, Leiria, Aveiro, Viseu, Guarda, Castelo Branco e Funchal, foram utilizados na análise estatística. Resultados: Foram incluídos 1013 olhos (914 da região centro e 99 da RAM), com idade média 61,84±14,00 anos. Através de um modelo cronológico de regressão linear constatou-se a presença de sazonalidade com picos nos meses de Maio e Setembro. A temperatura média apresentou uma associação marginalmente significativa com a incidência de DRR num modelo biológico de regressão linear considerando os mais fortes preditores de DRR da amostra. Conclusões: Os nossos resultados demonstram que a incidência de DRR se associa a um padrão sazonal significativo que parece ser explicado pela temperatura. Este estudo alerta para a necessidade de um eficaz planeamento em saúde que deverá passar por uma gestão harmoniosa de recursos humanos em épocas de maior incidência.
Resumo:
O conhecimento de como os mamíferos carnívoros de médio e grande porte Neotropicais capturam e manipulam suas presas é incipiente, e algumas espécies podem somente ser investigadas por análises das fezes, e certos presupostos teóricos sobre forrageo podem ser aplicados e testados a partir da análise da dieta. Lontra longicaudis é um mamífero aquático cuja as fezes podem ser facilmente reconhecidas e coletadas para fornecer informação básica referentes a ecologia de forrageamento da espécie. Com base nessa situação, foram desenvolvidas duas questões relacionadas a dieta, como: (I) Se a 30 composição de presas na dieta varia entre as estações ao longo do ano? E qual o tamanho da magnitude do efeito deste fator? (II) Se a amplitude da dieta varia entre as estações? Nós respondemos estas questões por meio da análise das fezes. Foram realizadas 12 expedições mensais para as coletas, em um trecho de 13 quilômetros do baixo curso do Arroio Grande. Cada fezes foi coletada individualmente, e dados como data e posição geografica anotados. As presas foram classificadas por categorias alimentares (peixes, mamíferos, aves, anfíbios, serpentes, crustaceos e insetos) e em nível de família. A alimentação de L. longicaudis foi a baseada em peixes, com uma amplitude de dieta estreita. As famílias Cichlidae e Callichthyidae predominaram na dieta ao longo do ano. A composição de peixes na dieta variou sazonalmente, porém, a amplitude da dieta não variou. Assim Lontra longicaudis caça presas e mantém certo grau de felxibilidade alimentar ao longo do ano.
Resumo:
Fundamentos: La obesidad es un problema con graves repercusiones para la salud física, psicológica y social que afecta a millones de niños y adolescentes en todo el mundo. Los objetivos de este estudio son obtener datos actualizados de la prevalencia de la obesidad y el sobrepeso en preadolescentes de 10 a 12 años de la provincia de Alicante, obtener información sobre los hábitos alimentarios, la actividad física y determinadas variables sociodemográficas, y examinar su relación con la obesidad y el sobrepeso infantil o el riesgo de padecerlos. Método: Participaron 623 preadolescentes, el 49,9% de sexo masculino y el 50,1% femenino. El IMC se determinó siguiendo los criterios de la WHO Child Growth Standards. Resultados: Se ha encontrado una alta prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en nuestra provincia, el 20,4% y 34% respectivamente. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las categorías ponderales en las variables sexo, edad y nivel de estudios de los progenitores. Respecto a los hábitos de alimentación y ejercicio físico, los resultados sugieren que los niños y niñas con normopeso hacen un mayor número de comidas al día y, los niños con normopeso comen con mayor frecuencia en comedores escolares. Y apuntan a que los niños con normopeso realizan con mayor frecuencia ejercicio físico que los que presentan sobrepeso y obesidad, y que las niñas obesas utilizan más horas de ocio sedentario que las que presentan sobrepeso. Conclusión: Los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de desarrollar programas eficaces de prevención e intervención temprana para la obesidad infantil.
Resumo:
Objetivos: Analisar a variação sazonal e a influência de fatores meteorológicos na incidência a 5 anos de descolamento regmatógeno da retina (DRR), na região centro do país e região autónoma da Madeira (RAM). Métodos: Série de casos consecutiva, retrospetiva e multicêntrica. Incluíram-se doentes submetidos a cirurgia de DRR no Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra e Hospital Doutor Nélio Mendonça entre Janeiro’10 e Dezembro’14. A seleção de casos foi feita através codificação ICD-9-CM e os critérios de inclusão foram: 1)idade ≥18 anos; 2)DRR de novo; 3)reparação cirúrgica do DRR. Consideraram-se critérios de exclusão: 1)DR tracional, exsudativo ou misto; 2)DR antigo ou re-descolamento; 3)soluções de continuidade ou lesões regmatógenas tratadas apenas com laser. Os dados meteorológicos diários das estações de Coimbra, Leiria, Aveiro, Viseu, Guarda, Castelo Branco e Funchal, foram utilizados na análise estatística. Resultados: Foram incluídos 1013 olhos (914 da região centro e 99 da RAM), com idade média 61,84±14,00 anos. Através de um modelo cronológico de regressão linear constatou-se a presença de sazonalidade com picos nos meses de Maio e Setembro. A temperatura média apresentou uma associação marginalmente significativa com a incidência de DRR num modelo biológico de regressão linear considerando os mais fortes preditores de DRR da amostra. Conclusões: Os nossos resultados demonstram que a incidência de DRR se associa a um padrão sazonal significativo que parece ser explicado pela temperatura. Este estudo alerta para a necessidade de um eficaz planeamento em saúde que deverá passar por uma gestão harmoniosa de recursos humanos em épocas de maior incidência.
Resumo:
The seaweed Gracilaria domingensis is a common species in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte. This species lives in the intertidal zone, where colour strains (red, green and brown) co-occur during the whole year. Seaweeds that live in this region are exposed to daily changes and to the rhythm of the tide. During the low tide they are exposed to dissection, hiper-or hipo-osmotic shock, high temperatures and high irradiance. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the pigment and protein content of the colour strains of G. domingensis is affected by some environmental parameters in a temporal scale. The seaweeds were collected during 10 months in the seashore of Rio do Fogo (RN). The total soluble proteins and the phycobiliprotein were extracted in phosphate buffer and the carotenoids were analyzed by a standardized method through HPLC-UV. The pigments analysis showed that phycoerithrin is the most abundant pigment in the three strains. This pigment was strongly correlated with nitrogen and the photosynthetically active radiation. Chlorophyll presented higher concentrations than carotenoids during the whole, but the ratio carotenoid/chlorophyll-a was modified by incident radiation. The most abundant carotenoid was ß-carotene and zeaxanthin, which had higher concentrations in the higher radiation months. The concentration increase of zeaxanthin in this period indicated a photoprotective response of the seaweed. The three strains presented a pigment profile that indicates different radiation tolerance profile. Our results pointed that the green strain is better adapted to high irradiance levels than the red and brown strains
Resumo:
Knowledge of the environmental factors influence on the spatial-temporal variation of fishes is important to fisheries management and conservation. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the influence of the abiotical factors on the spatial-temporal distribution of Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Pisces, Sciaenidae) caught by-catch with the shrimp fishing of Ubatuba and Caraguatatuba regions, north coast of São Paulo State. The fishes were captured every month from January to December 2002. Samples were collected by otter trawl at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35m depths. The temperatures (surface and bottom), salinities (surface and bottom), sediment features and organic matters were verified for each depth. During all period of the study 12.642 specimens of P. brasiliensis were captured at Ubatuba and 17.166 at Caraguatatuba, which totalized the biomass of 267 for the first and 339kg for the other region. The females outnumbered males in fish population. The greatest values of biomass and number of individuals were registered at the summer and autumn seasons, while the lowest values were observed at the winter and spring seasons. The greatest abundances were found from 15 to 25m depth. In this study, it was verified that P. brasiliensis is a coastal waters associate species. The spatialtemporal distribution of P. brasiliensis is affected by intrusion of SACW and depth for the coastal region and by depth and sediment in sheltered areas such as Caraguatatuba
Resumo:
In Brazilian semiarid region, the majority of water bodies are temporary and the biodiversity in these ecosystems is poorly known. The goal of this study was to describe the temporal variation of benthic macroinvertebrates in an intermittent stream in the Brazilian semiarid region. From March to July of 2009, surveys of benthic macroinvertebrates and water physiochemical parameters were done in a first order stream located at Piranhas-Açu River basin. 25 macroinvertebrates families were found, 21 belonging to Insecta class. The chironomids were the most abundant group during all study period and were represented by 19 genus. The largest densities and taxonomic richness were seen in the drying phase of the stream while the smallest values were found in the period with the heaviest rainfalls ( wet phase ). Only the families Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae were found during all study period, suggesting that these groups have better adaptations to support floods and droughts. Furthermore, these two groups seemed to be pioneering in this stream. Among the chironomids, Paratendipes dominated the period of floods while Tanytarsus were more abundant in the drying phase . This study showed that hydrological fluctuation is the main force influencing the macroinvertebrate community in this stream, therefore, efforts seeking the conservation and management of Brazilian semiarid water bodies should consider this high natural variability in flow regime
Resumo:
Bunodosoma cangicum é uma anêmona-do-mar que habita a faixa intermarés nas regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil. Assim como outros animais característicos destes locais, esta espécie de anêmona enfrenta diariamente as mudanças nos parâmetros ambientais decorrentes do ciclo de marés, os quais podem variar conforme a estação do ano. Estas mudanças podem alterar o metabolismo oxidativo dos animais destes habtats, que pode também ser influenciado pelas diferentes estações ao longo do ano. Portanto, a influência de dois períodos distintos durante o ano além da exposição ao ar sobre parâmetros oxidativos (Capacidade antioxidante total contra radicais peroxil - ACAP, atividade da glutamato cisteína ligase - GCL, conteúdo de glutationa reduzida - GSH e nível de perxidação lipídica - LPO) foi avaliada em anêmonas-do-mar coletadas em situação de submersão ou de emersão em um perío do frio e um quente (final de inverno/começo de primavera e início de outono). A resposta destes parâmetros, bem como do conteúdo de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e de adenosina trifosfato (ATP), também foi avaliada em animais submetidos diariamente à exposição ao ar (3 h) em laboratório por 30 dias. Com relação aos parâmetros oxidativos considerando apenas os diferentes períodos do ano, uma maior atividade da GCL foi observada durante o período mais frio, assim como um maior nível de LPO neste mesmo período. Com relação à exposição ao ar, no que diz respeito às defesas antioxidantes, em animais coletados em emersão foi observado uma maior atividade da GCL durante o período quente, além de uma maior ACAP e um menor conteúdo de GSH em anêmonas-do-mar coletadas, tanto no período frio como quente. Com relação aos danos oxidativos, um maior nível de LPO foi encontrado em anêmonas-do-mar coletadas durante emersão no período mais (outono). De forma geral, não foi observado um padrão de variação dos parâmetros oxidativos em função da hora do dia, evidenciando-se apenas uma diminuição na ACAP e um aumento da GSH, em torno das 13h, em animais coletados durante a estação mais quente. As 7 anêmonas-do-mar expostas ao ar sob condições controladas de laboratório mostraram variações transitórias da ACAP (aumento) e do conteúdo de GSH (redução) após a reoxigenação. Estes resultados indicam que alguns parâmetros oxidativos de B. cangicum apresentam variação sazonal enquanto outros são afetados pela exposição ao ar. No entanto, o padrão de resposta destes parâmetros é diferente em campo e em laboratório, sugerindo que os parâmetros controlados em laboratório, tais como temperatura, fotoperíodo e iluminação, modificam a resposta do metabolismo oxidativo de B. cangicum à exposição ao ar em campo.