Concentração de flúor em águas envasadas: análise laboratorial e da legislação relacionada

Fluoridation of water for human consumption is a method of caries prevention that brings great social benefit, if kept at optimal levels. The increase in the production of bottled water emphasizes the need to verify whether fluoride presence in these waters occurs in sufficient quantity to prevent decay, or if it represents a significant risk of fluorosis. Objective: to compare the concentrations of fluoride present in bottled water to those declared on the labels, and to make a critical analysis of legal norms on the subject. Materials and method: this was a cross-sectional study, through which 22 samples of bottled water sold in state of Ceará, Brazil, were analyzed. Analyses were performed in duplicate by the electrometric method, and results were compared to those printed on the labels. Detailed searches by laws, resolutions, ordinances, and other official documents in force, related to the topic were performed. Results: the fluoride concentrations found ranged from 0.01 to 0.36 mgF/l. Although 72.7% of the samples were classified as fluoridated, the fluoride concentrations observed were shown to be insufficient for caries prevention. As for the rules, situations where they are not clear or even divergent were found. Conclusion: the current legislation on the subject requires updates to become more objective and to create new criteria on the use of the term “fluoridated water”.

Isolamento e identificação das micobactérias em águas tratadas provenientes do sistema de abastecimento de Araraquara-SP

Water quality is very important for the health and the population welfare, and the public supply system must provide water quality and suffi cient quantity for the entire population. Water treatment stations, are the main way to obtain water quality. When this doesn’t occur, several problems can affect the population, in this case, using water with poor quality is a constant risk of emergence causing various diseases. The elimination of microorganisms in treated water reduces competition, encouraging the multiplication of chlorine resistant bacteria as Mycobacterium genus frequently isolated from treated and chlorinated water. Considering the lack of indication from examinations of mycobacteria routine laboratory for quality control of drinking water and other human uses, the objective was to verify the presence isolate and identify the environmental mycobacteria in the system water source surface of Araraquara - SP. We analyzed 40 water samples, distributed as follows: ten water gross collected at Station Water Treatment Plant (WTP), harvested after ten fi ltration; ten collected in the reservoir after chlorination and ten in the network distribution. Were recovered 43 isolates of mycobacteria. All isolates were subjected to PCR-PRA. The mycobacteria were identifi ed as M. lentifl avum, M. parafortuitum, M. genavense, M. gordonae, M. fortuitum, M. confl uent, M. duvalii, M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis and M. szulgai. With these results, was concluded that water is an important source of environmental mycobacteria probably related to several human diseases, suggesting the carrying out continuous monitoring of the microorganisms in the system drinking water.

Quantificação de dímero-D em éguas susceptíveis e resistentes à endometrite

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Hidrogeoquímica e qualidade das águas superficiais na Bacia do Alto Jacaré-Pepira (SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise da qualidade microbiológica do peixe (Eugerres brasilianus, Curvier 1830) e das águas do Estuário do Rio Itanhaém, SP, Brasil

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura em reatores anaeróbios horizontais de alta taxa seguidos de filtro biológico percolador

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Denudação química e implicações na composição das águas superficiais da Bacia do Rio Jaú (SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Oxidação e remoção de ferro e manganês em águas para fins de abastecimento público ou industrial: uma abordagem geral

The iron and manganese ions are present in a high frequency in water source in Brazil. Despite of the frequency in which such problems occur, the way the problem is faced is still traditional, i.e. focusing on oxidative process instead of solid-liquid separation. The treatment can be very simple, in groundwater, or very complex, when metals are present together with organic matter in water. This article presents a review of principal works besides some important aspects about iron and manganese in natural water, occurrence, forms in natural water, organic complexes, oxidation and removal applying solid/liquid separation processes. Further, a new strategy for iron and manganese removal is presented. The information described does not exhaust the matter, so a large bibliography was cited at the end of the article.

Avaliação do amido natural como alternativa simples para tratamento de águas pluviais para fins de aproveitamento não potável

This work aims to evaluate a simple procedure for rainwater treatment by applying natural corn starch as primary coagulant for non-potable harvesting households. For this purpose, coagulation, flocculation and filtration were carried out in lab essays in samples of roof and floor catchment without first-flush. There were investigated corn starch dosages from 1 to 12 mg/L in pH values around 6,0. The apparent color and turbidity were measured and the results were statistically presented. Results pointed out reductions around 70 and 80% for apparent color and turbidity (residuals of 53Hu and 13Tu), respectively.

Influências geogênicas/antropogênicas na composição química das águas pluviais de Dois Córregos, bacia do Rio Jaú (SP)

Thirty-seven rainwater samples were collected at Jaú River watershed, Dois Córregos city (SP), between August 2009 and July 2010, where were analyzed the following variables: pH, Na+ , K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3- , Cl- , SO4 2- , PO4 3- and SiO2. The results indicate that Ca2+ (6.65%) and NO3- (35%) are the most abundant ions that followed the trend: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Na+ for cations and NO3 - > SO4 2- > Cland PO4 3- for anions. The phosphate fertilizers use, agricultural soils dust, lithology, biomass burning and fossil fuels can be the major contributing factors to explain the chemical composition of rainwater at Jaú River watershed, Dois Córregos city (SP).

Tratabilidade de águas pluviais utilizando coagulante natural a base de tanino visando fins não potáveis

This paper aimed to study the treatability of rainwater using natural coagulant tannin based. Assays were performed in laboratory scale and aimed to study the conditions most suitable for dosage and for pH of coagulation. Preliminary tests indicated that tannin concentration of 3% (m/m) prepared from the commercial solution presented the best set of results (84.3% of removal for apparent color and 82.51% for turbidity) compared to ferric chloride (66.25% of removal for apparent color and 67.82% for turbidity) and starch (73.68% of removal for apparent color and 67.19% for turbidity). The coagulation diagrams indicate that the best region for dosage ranges from 15 mg/L to about 37.5 mg/L and for pH ranging from about 6.5 to 7.5. The results indicate that the tannin based natural coagulant may be an alternative to conventional coagulants for rainwater treatment seeking non potable uses.

Metodologia de otimização para o dimensionamento de reservatórios de águas pluviais

This work aimed to develop an optimization methodology for reservoir sizing in rainwater harvesting systems in order to increase the economic viability of projects in this area. For this, concepts of Operations Research were used so as to develop mathematical programming problems related to minimizing the life cycle cost and maximizing efficiency. The results obtained for different sizing methods were presented based on a case study, emphasizing the importance of tools that are able to provide a more accurate analysis and tend to significantly increase the economic viability of rainwater harvesting systems.

Marcas e lugares: um estudo sobre marcas turísticas no Rio de Janeiro

This paper, through a literature review, demonstrates the importance of the use of brands by men, initially as a form of expression and communication. History has shown that the visual language and the use of images in the form of the brands, proved a very efficient and direct interpretation, with accuracy to what it represents, setting the brand as a financially valued member. The paper deals with analysis of the Spanish example that argues the way that touristic points has been used to represent places in the whole world; then, at the same time, it measures the case of the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro where brands are created for special events and there is not a representative tourist brand to this town; But when analyzing the places in the city, symbols like The Copacabana Promenade has a strong presence in the collective imagination, that's the reason why it has been used as an element of strong local identity and in the Industrial Design.

Eficiência de um sistema de desinfecção solar de águas residuárias domésticas com adição de diferentes doses de peróxido de hidrogênio

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Simulação numérica de fluxo de águas subterrâneas na bacia do Rio Corrente (BA)

The numeric simulation is an important tool applied in understanding the dynamics of groundwater flow. In a hydrogeological model the processes responsible for groundwater flow are described by numerical formulations that allow the simplification, representation and understanding of the dynamics of the Aquifer System. In this work, a steady state groundwater flow simulation of Urucuia Aquifer System (UAS) part of the Corrente river basin was conducted, using the finite element method through software FEFLOW, to understand the dynamics of groundwater flow and quantify the hydrologic balance. The aquifer system Urucuia lodges in the São Francisco hydrogeological province and corresponds to a set of interconnected aquifers that occur in rocks from Urucuia group in the Urucuia sub-basin described by Campos e Dardenne (1997). The system is a porous media one, in a shape of a thick table mountain, consisting essentially of sandstones. The Corrente river basin is located in UAS in Western State of Bahia and it's one of the main units to maintaining permanent flow (Q95) and average natural flow of the São Francisco river. The simulation performed in this work obtained the following results for the modelled region: horizontal hydraulic conductivity of 3 x 10-4 m/s and vertical one 6 x 10-5 m/s; maximum recharge of 345 mm and minimum of 85 mm/a. It was concluded that: (1) regional groundwater flow has eastbound; with an exception of the extreme northeast portion, where the flow has opposite direction; (2) there are smaller water side dividers with an approximate direction EW, that guide the flow of water to the drainage that cut the aquifer; and (3) the UAS at Corrente river basin can be understood as a free regional aquifer system, isotropic and homogeneous. Regionally, the small lithological variations present in the Urucuia group can be neglected and do not exhibit significant influences on the dynamics of ground water flow