Qualifying urban outskirts and public areas A refl exion from Bogata���s public policies

This article presents the results and conclusions��obtained from an investigation into the possibilities��of qualifying urban outskirts of Bogota��with regard to the construction of public areas.��The discussion presents the results obtained in previous investigations which give reason to��conclude that the city���s outskirts are currently��equipped with insuffi cient basic urban services��and equipment. Questions are raised in regards��to the proposals of the Plan for Territorial Organization��(POT as abbreviated in Spanish)��according to now known facts. From analysis��both of currently known facts as well as the proposals��of the Plan for Territorial Organization��advancement is made in the analysis of the existing��possibilities in the latter scenario to improve the condition of the admittedly unarticulated��and defi cient urban outskirts, especially for the��development of low cost housing.

Transport impact of in urban planning: the case of Transmilenio in Bogota

The growth and expansion of cities during the last century can���t be seen without taking into account the important role they have assumed in the transport infrastructure. In Bogota have passed trough streetcar, buses and autom��viles was deciding for the city, because all this periods marked a drastic change in growth morphology. This article studies the planning of Mass Transit System ���MTS��� Transmilenio and its interaction with the urban structure, in light of the current city planning framework. It also specifies the behavior of land use in the construction of the system first phase.��One of the most important findings of this study is that there is no articulation between land and transport use system, despite the decisions taken in the ordering model. Similarly, local and intermediate planning exhibits Peak articulation.The existing infrastructure of the MTS reiterates the tendency to concentrate the accessibility in one place: the center has the largest accessibility whereas periphery fails to overcome its limitations of accessibility. While the city continued with this trend the existence of a coordinated planning system for��Bogota and the ability to meet expectations of planning model is questionable, however it is something that depends not only on MTS.

Informal access to urban land. Housing policies devoted to vulnerable sectors implemented in Cordoba-Argentina

The urban growth in Latino American cities, in a neoliberal context, has led to several population groups to having no possibilities to the access to urban land. Informal and irregular urban settlements increase, requiring attention from local governments, with actions and strategies in order to achieve both the regularization of such situation and further prevention. In the city of C��rdoba different informal and irregular operations have taken place promoted by different actors. Furthermore, policies focused on regularization which have been promoted, have few intervention mechanisms, a fact that becomes critical, especially for the urban problems it causes. The main aim of this article is to present a classification over different modes of urban land acquirement taking place out of both urban and civil legislations. Afterwards, different informal settlement typologies are described, as well as the policies focused on them, together with their respective effects and impacts.

Sustainable urban criteria in the urban periphery of Guadalajara

The study of the growth of large cities, in the urban periphery or the peri-urban areas specifically, it relates to environmental degradation due to urbanization, if it is estimated that since 2008 more than half of the world population living in urban areas, this sector is affected as it presents overcrowding, segregation and deterioration of physical conditions, which will impact on the social aspects within localities. This great urban growth has usually developed with the lack of environmental planning.So it is necessary to include urban development, guidelines towards environmental conservation and rehabilitation of the territory. The future of cities will depend largely on the actions taken now. As urban development inevitably requires planning urban settlements through sustainable development so as to provide alternative technologies, based on the reality of Latin American countries.In the peripheral area of the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara, is taken as a case study of the town of La Venta del Astillero, which by its nature allows access and functionality to develop a set of criteria and indicators to urban sustainability, which can take as a model for other communities in the urban periphery.

Rearrangement of the urban space in the sector of Saint Victorino and Saint Ines (Bogota) in relation with the dynamics of informality and marginality (1948-2010)

The present article analyze the urban transformations happened in the sector of Saint Victorino and Saint Ines in the city of Bogota D.C. between 1948 and 2010, making use of the "Genealogical Methodology" during the process of inquiry that allow to contrast the visions that are usually accepted of "progress" and "urban renovation" in the urban market context by the existence of a informal economic and a population in conditions of marginality that configures a good part of the "popular urban culture" of the Bogota in the 20th and 21st century. This vision permit to observe from various perspectives the changes that happened in this sector of the city, the impacts of the history facts occurred en this time period and, in special, the real effects of a rearrangement urban process that began in 1998 and has been prolonged to date, which has left a significant mark about the urban and social physiognomy of the place.

Intra-urban space in Brazil

N/D

The avatars of housing in Latin American urban and regional research (1990-2012)

The review of the terms used as keywords in three journals (published in Mexico and Chile) and the Brazilian meetings of regional and urban research are used to analyze the trends in housing research. Their dynamics are interpreted in the light of the general changes identified for urban and regional ��research, synthesized by other authors as the emergence of new research topics and agents of urban change (civil society, participation, environment, gender) and the process of globalization (in its facets ��of productive restructuration, job flexibility, social exclusion) as a general framework of analysis. It is found that the central themes of research in housing relate primarily to government action in ��housing. New concerns, such as citizen participation, the environment or gender are linked to these actions as normative elements to the evaluation of programs or policies, but not as autonomous fields of study of the housing.In addition to this central concern, a significant growth of academic ��production and ��ome indication of the internationalization of research are mentioned

Bibliometric forms of the international investigation in the urban history. (1973 - 2010)

The objective of this document is to identify the behavior of the academic international production in urban history, from the bibliographical records index-linked in Scopus between 1973 and 2010. We use bibliometric indicators from SCImago Group, applying them to the production in the field of arts and humanities. Afterward, we corroborate the results obtained with the indicators calculated exclusively for 1.098 records of urban history. A geographical concentration is observed in the mechanisms of diffusion, authors and institutional affiliation. Likewise, we identify that over 50% of the works published between 1973 and 2010 have not been used by other authors to create new knowledge.

Urban epidemiology of labor informality in Bogot��: A neighborhood interactions approach

Usando datos georreferenciados sobre mercado laboral para la ciudad de Bogot��, se desarrolla una estrategia emp��rica para identificar el efecto de la tasa de informalidad en el vecindario sobre la probabilidad individual de conseguir un trabajo informal. Se encuentra evidencia de la existencia de tales efectos del vecindario. Estos efectos funcionan de forma distinta para informalidad de trabajadores asalariados o independientes.

Overcoming Gender Disadvantages. Social Policy Analysis of urban middle-class women in Colombia

The World Bank Report 2012 starts with this statement: ���Gender equality matters in itself andit matters for development because, in today���s globalized worlds, countries that use the skillsand talents of their women would have an advantage over those which do not use it.��� With theframe that suggest that gender equality matters, this paper describes some policy alternativesoriented to overcome gender disadvantages in the formal labor market incorporation of theurban middle class women in Colombia. On balance, the final recommendation suggest that itis desirable to adopt policy alternatives as Community Centers, which are programs orientedto a social redistribution of the domestic work as a way to encourage women participationin the formal labor market with the social support of the members of their own community.The problem that the social policy needs to address is the segregation of women in the formallabor market in Colombia. Although the evidence shows that the women overcome theeducational gap by showing better performance in education that their male peers, womenare still segregated of the labor market. The persistence of high rates of unemployment on thefemale population, the prevalence of the informal labor market as a women labor market, andthe presence of the payment difference between men and women with similar professionaltrainings are circumstances that sustain the segregation statement. These circumstances areinefficient for the society because an economic analysis shows that the cost of maintain the statuquo is externalized in the social security system that includes health, pension and maternityleave regimens. Therefore, the women segregation involves a market failure.This paper evaluates five policy alternatives each directed to the progress of a different causaldimension of the problem: (i) Quotas in the private market, (ii) Flexible working hours,(iii) replace the maternity leave with a family leave, (iv) Increase the Community Centers forredistributing the care work, and (v) Equal payment enforcement. The first alternative looksto increase women���s participation in the formal labor market. The second, third, and fourthalternatives constitute a package addressed at redistributing care work by reducing women���sresponsibility for reproductive work in the household with the help of husbands and the localgovernment. The fifth alternative intervenes to resolve the equal payment problem.After a four criteria evaluation that measure effectiveness, robustness and improbability inimplementation, efficiency and political acceptability or social opposition, the strongest alternativeis the fostering of Community Centers that promote a redistribution of care work. Thispolicy performs well in the assessment process because it combines gender focus with importantindirect effects: child support and human capabilities. The policy also shows a bottomup implementation process that overcomes the main adoption difficulties in the gender focusprograms and is supported by strong evidence of success in the Colombian context; this evidenceis produced by both transnational actors as a World Bank and also in local accountabilityreporters executed by local institutions like Colombian Institute of Family Welfare (ICBF).

Se��or presidente no creo en vos; se��or polic��a no temo de voz. Represi��n estatal y paramilitar y pr��cticas juveniles en los barrios Alameda, Brisas, Anita y Almendros

El estudio sobre la juventud y su relaci��n con pr��cticas realizadas en los espacios p��blicos, especialmente la calle, ha tenido un renovado inter��s durante las ��ltimas d��cadas. Estos debates se han vuelto relevantes en cuanto que los j��venes parecen ocupar un lugar primordial en las escenas cotidianas de violencia, en particular los j��venes de sectores populares. A trav��s de un proceso etnogr��fico de car��cter sistem��tico y sostenido en el tiempo identifico y explico las distintas interacciones de los j��venes en los espacios p��blicos de cuatro barrios populares, centrando el an��lisis en las distintas formas de negociaci��n con los actores armados, especialmente con la polic��a y el paramilitarismo. Lo que argumento es que hacer presencia en los espacios p��blicos, especialmente en la calle, termina por constituir en una opci��n de vida a trav��s de los cuales fomentan una beligerancia social y pol��tica de resistencia pero ante todo como m��todo que les permite proponer alternativas de existencia, por dem��s no violentas, frente a la violencia generalizada de la polic��a y el paramilitarismo. El problema radica en que muchas de las expresiones de algunos j��venes terminan por reproducir los mecanismos de violencia del que son v��ctimas, aspecto que es identificado, por quienes acuden a la violencia, como una forma de reclamar un lugar en la comunidad, a permitirse ser reconocidos y escuchados y a sobrevivir en medio de una simultaneidad de violencias que cotidianamente los atropella y les vulnera los derechos. La violencia de estos j��venes es una forma de no permitir que las esperanzas se diluyan, aunque parad��jicamente tambi��n les puede quitar la vida

Iniciativa comunitaria Urban en Badalona : Proyecto Serra d??en Mena

Monogr??fico con el t??tulo: El territorio : necesidades y recursos

The urban animal.

Algunos animales han aprendido a adaptarse y prosperar en los entornos urbanos. Este volumen explora el h��bitat y las costumbres de criaturas que habitan en la ciudad como, por ejemplo, insectos, aves y mam��feros. Con m��s de ochenta fotograf��as e ilustraciones, esta publicaci��n acerca a la variedad de vida que se encuentra en jardines, casas y basureros. El texto tiene dos niveles de dificultad y dos tama��os de letra. El vocabulario del segundo nivel est�� pensado para lectores m��s expertos.

Managing change in the urban environment : AS-A level resource pack : geography.

El objetivo de este recurso es ayudar en la ense��anza y en el aprendizaje de la geograf��a humana en los niveles AS y A, niveles que se cursan despu��s de la etapa secundaria superior general. Consta de dieciocho temas, cada uno de los cuales comprende: unas notas para el profesor que establecen los fines y objetivos de cada lecci��n, as�� como, las directrices y sugerencias sobre c��mo organizar y presentarla y, tambi��n, distintas opciones y estrategias de ense��anza. Por su parte, las hojas informativas proporcionan definiciones y res��menes de los t��rminos clave y de las ideas y, facilitan, los datos pertinentes para la realizaci��n de los ejercicios de cada tema �� lecci��n. En cuanto, a las hojas de trabajo consisten en una serie de ejercicios para los alumnos pues han sido dise��adas para desarrollar en ellos unas habilidades geogr��ficas espec��ficas.

Urban voices : a collection of writing on city life.

Colecci��n de textos que explora la emoci��n, las tensiones y las injusticias de la vida urbana. Una variedad de pasajes, extractos de novelas, art��culos period��sticos, poemas y cuentos, conforman cada una de las cinco secciones tem��ticas. La colecci��n incluye escritos, entre otros, de William Blake, Bill Bryson, Charles Dickens, Robert Harris, Beverley Naidoo, Jon McGregor, Jeanette Winterson. Hay notas sobre los autores.