O trabalho de sísifo: crédito a comerciantes e reprodução do sistema de aviamento (1914-1919/1943-1952)

A relação de crédito, comercialização em espécie e controle do trabalho por endividamento, tida como característica específica da região amazônica, teve similares pelo mundo relacionados a diversas formas de produção: extrativismo vegetal, agricultura familiar, artesanato e mesmo plantations de seringueiras no Sudeste asiático. O monopólio comercial por falta de acesso ao mercado e usual ausência de moedas garante ao comerciante o poder de arbitragem sobre a equivalência de trocas, endividando o produtor que lhe toma adiantado mantimentos e instrumentos em troca da produção futura. A ampliação das relações de financiamento capitalistas com a expansão do sistema bancário em meados do século XX pretendeu desestruturar o sistema de aviamento substituindo o tradicional crédito em espécie, monetarizando a economia, multiplicando o número de comerciantes concorrentes e rompendo o monopólio dos aviadores no sertão. A persistência atual desta relação na Amazônia é explicada por se concretizar como alternativa de integração ao mercado financeiro e de produtos capitalista em uma realidade caracterizada historicamente por unidades de produção dispersas, com precária estrutura de escoamento e comunicação.

Pragmatismo e Semiótica de Peirce na organização da informação

Semiotics, as well as its theoretical root, Pragmatism, are associated with the figure of the logical and the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839- 1914). Between Pragmatism and Semiotics, there is an embryonic link, and this connection should not be ignored when reflecting on their theoretical contributions the Information Science and, specifically, to knowledge organization. Initially, the relationship between Pragmatism and Semiotics of C. S. Peirce is explored. Subsequently, two contributions of Peirce, both fundamental to understand some aspects of the organization of information and knowledge, are carefully discussed.

Junior Classology, undated

Handwritten copy of Junior Classology on two leaves of unlined paper, with two bars of music titled "Heathen Mythology" at the end. Student names and the phrase "High Go" are written in darker ink.

Junior Classology, undated

Typed copy of Junior Classology on two leaves, copied verbatim from the manuscript copy in Folder 1 of the collection.

Junior Classology, undated,

Typed copy of Junior Classology on one leaf.

Junior Classology, undated

Handwritten copy of Junior Classology bound as a small three-leaved pamphlet. Unlike the manuscript copy in Folder 1, this version properly spells "afraid," uses a simpler punctuation style, and does not include music.

Junior Classology, undated,

Handwritten copy of Junior Classology on two leaves of unlined paper.

Junior Classology, [1820]

Handwritten copy of "Junior Classology on two leaves of unlined legal-sized paper. The verses begin, "Songs of Scholars, in reveling roundelays, / Belch'd out with hiccoughs at Bacchanal Go..." and ending "We'll ne'er be afraid, boys, tho' Tutors parade, boys; / Here's a health to the blade, boys, who loves a high go."

Harvard College Lottery Book, 1794-1797

The long hardcover account book contains handwritten records of the Harvard College Lottery in the hand of College Treasurer Ebenezer Storer. The volume begins with a transcription of the Massachusetts General Court June 13, 1794 legislation sanctioning the lottery, and a note that the managers of the lottery gave security bonds to the Corporation. The bulk of the volume records the activities of the four classes of the lottery including lists of the individual tickets returned by the managers Benjamin Austin Jr., George R. Minot, Henry Warren, and John Kneeland, and the accounts of prizes drawn and tickets returned. The volume has a table of contents and there is a note pasted onto the third page calculating the sum raised if all tickets had been sold.

Student poem composed by Jacob Abbot Cummings, 1799 September 16

Handwritten poem composed by Jacob Abbot Cummings when he was an undergraduate at Harvard College. The rhyming poem celebrates morning (as a metaphor for life) and describes the farmer, industrious milk maid, and market man. It begins, “Loud speaks the clarion of approaching day..." The poem is labeled "16 September 1799 Cummings" and is headed with a quote from John Milton's Paradise Lost: "Sweet in the breath of morn, her rising sweet, with song of earliest bird."

Letters from John Thornton Kirkland to William Tudor,

One letter regarding a stone chapel being built at Harvard, and one letter providing biographical information on James Otis.

Letters from William Tudor to John Thornton Kirkland,

Four letters written from Birmingham, England, in which Tudor suggests changes to Harvard’s grounds and facilities, hiring practices for tutors, and university publications. He also alludes to the War of 1812.

Letters from William Tudor to John Thornton Kirkland,

Four letters written from Boston regarding plans to establish a new literary periodical, the North American Review. Tudor asks Kirkland to contribute to the periodical and describes plans to establish a lecture series at the Boston Athenaum.

Letters from William Tudor to John Thornton Kirkland,

Six letters written from Boston mainly discussing Tudor’s efforts to obtain content for the North American Review and printing deadlines.

Letters from William Tudor to John Thornton Kirkland,

Five letters mainly regarding the status of the North American Review. Tudor asks Kirkland to submit content and also inquires whether the Review could be made an official publication of Harvard. Other topics include a project to unite the libraries of local literary institutions and create a classification scheme, and the defense of Harvard’s Unitarian principles.