Coordinated Maneuver for Gradient Search Using Multiple AUV's

OCEANS 2003. Proceedings (Volume:1 )

Measuring the cytochrome c nitrite reductase activity—practical considerations on the enzyme assays

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications Volume 2010, Article ID 634597, 8 pages

Volume da Aurícula Esquerda: um "Velho" Cálculo Ecocardiográfico com uma Importância Prognóstica Renovada. Um Estudo em Doentes com Miocardiopatia Dilatada

Recentemente, surgiram alguns trabalhos que ressaltaram a importância do cálculo do volume da aurícula esquerda (VAE) como um marcador de eventos cardíacos adversos. Foi objectivo deste estudo avaliar a importância prognóstica deste parâmetro em doentes (dts) com deficiente função ventricular esquerda e correlacioná-lo com outros parâmetros clássicos de prognóstico – consumo de O2 (VO2 max) e pro-BNP (pBNP). Métodos: Analisou-se o volume da aurícula esquerda (VAE) por método de Simpson, numa população de 35 dts com cardiopatia dilatada (idiopática e isquémica) com fracção de ejecção (FE) 31±9,6% doentes (dts) eram de sexo masculino e a média de idades foi de 50,5±10,5 anos. Toda a população efectuou estudos de ecocardiografia convencional (incluindo avaliação por M-mode, bidimensional e Doppler), prova cardiorespiratória (VO2max) e doseamento de pro-BNP. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 24 ± 4 meses, tendo-se considerado como eventos cardíacos (EC): internamento por insuficiência cardíaca, transplante e morte. Resultados: Dos parâmetros da ecocardiografia - o diâmetro da AE foi de 46,6±5,7mm, as dimensões do VE em diástole – 73,5±10mm e em sístole -58,9±11mm, a média da fracção de ejecção foi de 31±9,6%, o VAE foi de 78,6±33 ml, os volumes do VE foram de 214±82ml em diástole e de 153±75ml em sístole, 15 dts tinham padrão restritivo de enchimento ventricular (E/A>2), a média da área (Doppler cor) da insuficiência mitral foi de 4±3,3cm2, 14 dts tinham E/E’>15. O VO2 max médio foi de 20±5,8ml/kg/min e o pro-BNP de 3146±4629pg/mL. Para além da correlação de outros parâmetros clássicos ecocardiográficos com o prognóstico (volumes VE, FE e E/E’), o VAE e o volume indexado da AE (VAE/SC) mostraram uma correlação com o prognóstico (EC) com r=0,4 (p=0,02) que não se verificou para o diâmetro da AE (p=ns). Em relação à tolerância ao esforço, houve uma correlação inversa entre o diâmetro, o volume e o volume indexado da AE e o VO2max, com maior significado estatístico para o VAE e VAE/SC com r=-0,48, p=0,008. Quanto ao pro-BNP, quer o diâmetro, quer o VAE (ou volume indexado) tiverem o mesmo nível de significado estatístico (r=0,43; p=0,02). O valor predictivo de eventos (curvas ROC) para o VAE foi de 70ml e de 37ml/m2 para o VAE/m2. Conclusão: O volume da aurícula esquerda/volume indexado é um parâmetro ecocardiográfico com significado prognóstico em dts com deficiente função ventricular esquerda, correlacionando-se com a tolerância ao esforço e pro-BNP.

3D-nanostructured Au electrodes for the event-specific detection of MON810 transgenic maize

In the present work, the development of a genosensor for the event-specific detection of MON810 transgenic maize is proposed. Taking advantage of nanostructuration, a cost-effective three dimensional electrode was fabricated and a ternary monolayer containing a dithiol, a monothiol and the thiolated capture probe was optimized to minimize the unspecific signals. A sandwich format assay was selected as a way of precluding inefficient hybridization associated with stable secondary target structures. A comparison between the analytical performance of the Au nanostructured electrodes and commercially available screen-printed electrodes highlighted the superior performance of the nanostructured ones. Finally, the genosensor was effectively applied to detect the transgenic sequence in real samples, showing its potential for future quantitative analysis.

Correlation between specific IgM levels and percentage IgG-class antibody avidity to Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasmosis is an usually asymptomatic worldwide disseminated infection. In its congenital presentation it may lead to abortion or fetal malformations. Antenatal evaluation is considered of paramount importance to identify seronegative women and allow for prophylaxis. Recent improvements in sensitivity of IgM tests has made IgM detection an extremely protracted acute phase marker, and IgG avidity evaluation test became necessary. Observation has shown that a correlation can be established between IgM levels and avidity percentages, suggesting that frequently the avidity test may not be necessary. In this study we analyzed Toxoplasma gondii IgM levels of 202 samples and their IgG avidity percentages, in order to define specific levels whose IgM quantification could by itself define serodiagnosis and therefore make the avidity evaluation unnecessary. We showed that for IgM levels bellow 2.0 and above 6.0 serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis could be established without need of IgG avidity test. IgM levels between these two parameters are associated with varying avidity indexes highlighting the importance of its evaluation as a means to confirm toxoplasmosis. Following this demonstration it was possible to avoid the avidity test for 75% of the cases, to reduce the turnaround time and to reduce costs.

Prostatic Arterial Supply: Anatomic and Imaging Findings Relevant for Selective Arterial Embolization

PURPOSE: To describe the anatomy and imaging findings of the prostatic arteries (PAs) on multirow-detector pelvic computed tomographic (CT) angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) before embolization for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study from May 2010 to June 2011, 75 men (150 pelvic sides) underwent pelvic CT angiography and selective pelvic DSA before PA embolization for BPH. Each pelvic side was evaluated regarding the number of independent PAs and their origin, trajectory, termination, and anastomoses with adjacent arteries. RESULTS: A total of 57% of pelvic sides (n = 86) had only one PA, and 43% (n = 64) had two independent PAs identified (mean PA diameter, 1.6 mm ± 0.3). PAs originated from the internal pudendal artery in 34.1% of pelvic sides (n = 73), from a common trunk with the superior vesical artery in 20.1% (n = 43), from the anterior common gluteal-pudendal trunk in 17.8% (n = 38), from the obturator artery in 12.6% (n = 27), and from a common trunk with rectal branches in 8.4% (n = 18). In 57% of pelvic sides (n = 86), anastomoses to adjacent arteries were documented. There were 30 pelvic sides (20%) with accessory pudendal arteries in close relationship with the PAs. No correlations were found between PA diameter and patient age, prostate volume, or prostate-specific antigen values on multivariate analysis with logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: PAs have highly variable origins between the left and right sides and between patients, and most frequently arise from the internal pudendal artery.

Feature Extraction in Densely Sensed Environments: Extensions to Multiple Broadcast Domains

The vision of the Internet of Things (IoT) includes large and dense deployment of interconnected smart sensing and monitoring devices. This vast deployment necessitates collection and processing of large volume of measurement data. However, collecting all the measured data from individual devices on such a scale may be impractical and time consuming. Moreover, processing these measurements requires complex algorithms to extract useful information. Thus, it becomes imperative to devise distributed information processing mechanisms that identify application-specific features in a timely manner and with a low overhead. In this article, we present a feature extraction mechanism for dense networks that takes advantage of dominance-based medium access control (MAC) protocols to (i) efficiently obtain global extrema of the sensed quantities, (ii) extract local extrema, and (iii) detect the boundaries of events, by using simple transforms that nodes employ on their local data. We extend our results for a large dense network with multiple broadcast domains (MBD). We discuss and compare two approaches for addressing the challenges with MBD and we show through extensive evaluations that our proposed distributed MBD approach is fast and efficient at retrieving the most valuable measurements, independent of the number sensor nodes in the network.

Prostatic Artery Embolization in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Short and Medium Follow-Up

To evaluate the short and mid-term results of prostatic artery embolization in patients with benign prostatic embolization. Retrospective study between March 2009 and June 2011 with 103 patients (mean age 66.8 years, 50-85) that met our inclusion criteria with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. The clinical outcome was evaluated by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), International Index of Erectile Function, prostate volume (PV), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), peak urinary flow (Q(max)), and post-void residual volume (PVR) measurements at 3 and 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, and 2 years after PAE and comparison with baseline values was made. Technical and clinical successes, as well as poor clinical outcome definitions, were previously defined. In this review, we evaluate the short and mid-term clinical outcomes and morbidity of patients treated only with non-spherical polyvinyl alcohol. Six months after the procedure, the PV decreased about 23%, IPSS changed to a mean value of 11.95 (almost 50% reduction), the QoL improved slightly more than 2 points, the Q(max) changed to a mean value of 12.63mL/s, the PVR underwent a change of almost half of the baseline value, and the PSA decreased about 2.3ng/mL. In the mid-term follow-up and comparing to the baseline values, we still assisted to a reduction in PV, IPSS, QoL, PVR, and PSA, and an increase in Q(max). Prostatic Artery Embolization is a safe procedure with low morbidity that shows good short- and mid-term clinical outcome in our institution.

High prevalence and association of HIV-1 non-B subtype with specific sexual transmission risk among antiretroviral naïve patients in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

In South Brazil the circulation of two HIV-1 subtypes with different characteristics represents an important scenario for the study of the impact of HIV-1 diversity on the evolution of the HIV-1 epidemic and AIDS disease. HIV-1 B, the predominant variant in industrialized countries and HIV-1 C, the most prevalent subtype in areas with rapid epidemic growth, are implicated in most infections. We evaluated blood samples from 128 antiretroviral (ARV) naïve patients recruited at entry to the largest HIV outpatient service in Porto Alegre. Based on partial pol region sequencing, HIV-1 C was observed in 29%, HIV-1 B in 22.6% and, the recently identified CRF31_BC, in 23.4% of 128 volunteers. Other variants were HIV-1 F in 10% and other mosaics in 5.5%. In order to evaluate the association of socio-behavioral characteristics and HIV-1 subtypes, interviews and laboratory evaluation were performed at entry. Our data suggest an established epidemic of the three major variants, without any evidence of partitioning in either of the subgroups analyzed. However, anal sex practices were associated with subtype B, which could indicate a greater transmissibility of non-B variants by vaginal intercourse. This study provides baseline information for epidemiologic surveillance of the changes of the molecular characteristics of HIV-1 epidemics in this region.

Relação entre qualidade da quditoria e manipulação de resultados

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar se existe relação entre a manipulação de resultados e a qualidade da auditoria, baseado no estudo do comportamento de determinados “accruals” nas empresas portuguesas não cotadas. Nos diversos estudos existentes sobre o tema “Relação da Qualidade da Auditoria e Manipulação de Resultados”, surgem abordados muitos aspetos, nomeadamente no que respeita às motivações, às formas de manipulação e métodos de deteção que se verifica no campo da auditoria e, este trabalho, pretende abordar se o processo da auditoria é, ou não, eficaz na deteção destas práticas efetuadas pelos gestores, pois isso influencia a confiança naqueles que utilizam a informação financeira. Desta forma, o trabalho pretende basear-se nestas abordagens e complementar visões e conclusões. Neste âmbito, surgem perspetivas e informações que alertam para comportamentos de risco, assim como a sua origem, ou seja, as motivações que provocam esta prática, tanto por parte dos gestores como dos administradores. É nesta perspetiva que este trabalho se enquadra, numa sociedade contemporânea que continuadamente dá exemplos reais e concretos destas práticas. Um ponto é comum, que é o facto de a manipulação dos resultados surgir principalmente pelo motivo dos interesses e motivações por parte dos gestores em conseguirem benefícios. Na tese são abordados os incentivos que levam à manipulação no contexto português, que parecem estar relacionados com o contexto económico e fiscal, onde é desenvolvida a atividade dos agentes económicos. Outra abordagem importante no trabalho é a referência às principais metodologias de detenção da manipulação de resultados, nomeadamente os modelos baseados nos accruals e na distribuição de resultados. O modelo empírico deste estudo consiste numa regressão linear múltipla, com o objetivo de explicar a relação, entre a variável accruals discricionários e as variáveis Big4, a dimensão da empresa, o endividamento, o volume de negócios e a rendibilidade. Para complementar este estudo a análise empírica incidiu sobre 4723 empresas portuguesas não cotadas, a amostra usada foi baseada na base de dados SABI, para um período de análise entre 2011 a 2013. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que existe relação entre a qualidade da auditoria e a manipulação dos resultados concluindo que as empresas auditadas pelas Big4 apresentam accruals discricionários inferiores às restantes empresas.

Embolisation of Prostatic Arteries as Treatment of Moderate to Severe Lower Urinary Symptoms (LUTS) Secondary to Benign Hyperplasia: Results of Short- and Mid-Term Follow-Up

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the short- and medium-term results of prostatic arterial embolisation (PAE) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: This was a prospective non-randomised study including 255 patients diagnosed with BPH and moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms after failure of medical treatment for at least 6 months. The patients underwent PAE between March 2009 and April 2012. Technical success is when selective prostatic arterial embolisation is completed in at least one pelvic side. Clinical success was defined as improving symptoms and quality of life. Evaluation was performed before PAE and at 1, 3, 6 and every 6 months thereafter with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), uroflowmetry, prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and volume. Non-spherical polyvinyl alcohol particles were used. RESULTS: PAE was technically successful in 250 patients (97.9 %). Mean follow-up, in 238 patients, was 10 months (range 1-36). Cumulative rates of clinical success were 81.9 %, 80.7 %, 77.9 %, 75.2 %, 72.0 %, 72.0 %, 72.0 % and 72.0 % at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months, respectively. There was one major complication. CONCLUSIONS: PAE is a procedure with good results for BPH patients with moderate to severe LUTS after failure of medical therapy. KEY POINTS: • Prostatic artery embolisation offers minimally invasive therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. • Prostatic artery embolisation is a challenging procedure because of vascular anatomical variations. • PAE is a promising new technique that has shown good results.

Prostatic Arterial Embolization to Treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) might be a feasible procedure to treat lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients (age range, 62-82 years; mean age, 74.1 y) with symptomatic BPH after failure of medical treatment were selected for PAE with nonspherical 200-μm polyvinyl alcohol particles. The procedure was performed by a single femoral approach. Technical success was considered when selective prostatic arterial catheterization and embolization was achieved on at least one pelvic side. RESULTS: PAE was technically successful in 14 of the 15 patients (93.3%). There was a mean follow-up of 7.9 months (range, 3-12 months). International Prostate Symptom Score decreased a mean of 6.5 points (P = .005), quality of life improved 1.14 points (P = .065), International Index of Erectile Function increased 1.7 points (P = .063), and peak urinary flow increased 3.85 mL/sec (P = .015). There was a mean prostate-specific antigen reduction of 2.27 ng/mL (P = .072) and a mean prostate volume decrease of 26.5 mL (P = .0001) by ultrasound and 28.9 mL (P = .008) by magnetic resonance imaging. There was one major complication (a 1.5-cm(2) ischemic area of the bladder wall) and four clinical failures (28.6%). CONCLUSIONS: In this small group of patients, PAE was a feasible procedure, with preliminary results and short-term follow-up suggesting good symptom control without sexual dysfunction in suitable candidates, associated with a reduction in prostate volume.

TESTING A SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC GP41 AMPLIFICATION METHOD FOR GENOTYPING INDIVIDUALS INFECTED BY HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-1 IN THE BRAZILIAN POPULATION OF ITAJAÍ, SOUTH BRAZIL

The method used by YAGYU et al. for the subtype-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the gp41 transmembrane region of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) env gene, was tested. HIV-1 proviral DNA from 100 infected individuals in Itajaí, South Brazil was used to analyze this method. Seventy individuals were determined according to this method as having PCR products at the expected size for subtypes B, C, D and F. Of these individuals, 26 (37.1%) were observed as having the expected amplification for subtype C, and 42 (60%) were observed as having the expected products for subtypes B and D. Of the subtype B and D amplicons, 16 (22.9%) were classified as subtype D, and 26 (37.1%) were classified as subtype B. Two individuals (2.9%) had amplicons that were observed after subtype F-specific amplification was performed. Sequencing and comparing the patient sequences to reference sequences confirmed the classification of sequences of subtypes C and B. However, sequences that were falsely determined as being D and F in the PCR assay were determined as being subtypes C and B, respectively, by sequence analysis. For those individuals from whom no amplified products were obtained, a low viral load that was indicated in their patient history may explain the difficulty in subtyping by PCR methods. This issue was demonstrated by the results of ANOVA when testing the effect of viral load on the success of PCR amplification. The alignment of the obtained sequences with HIV-1 reference sequences demonstrated that there is high intra-subtype diversity. This indicates that the subtype-specific primer binding sites were not conserved or representative of the subtypes that are observed in the Brazilian populations, and that they did not allow the correct classification of HIV-1 subtypes. Therefore, the proposed method by YAGYU et al. is not applicable for the classification of Brazilian HIV-1 subtypes.

Host-induced changes in the cell surface N-linked glycoproteins, from Aspergillus fumigatus. Search for specific targets with potential for clinical therapy and/or diagnosis.

This dissertation is presented to obtain a Master degree in Structural and Functional Biochemistry