Work design and conflict in the workplace : the moderating effect of personality

La pr��sente recherche a pour objectif d�����tudier les effets que peuvent exercer la conception du travail sur le type de conflit qui ��merge en milieu de travail. La notion de conception du travail se divise en trois dimensions, soit les caract��ristiques reli��es �� la t��che, les caract��ristiques reli��es aux connaissances et les caract��ristiques sociales. Ces dimensions sont mises en relation avec les deux types de conflit en milieu de travail, soit le conflit reli�� �� la t��che et le conflit reli�� �� la relation. Cette recherche vise ��galement �� v��rifier l���effet mod��rateur des traits de personnalit��s sur les relations entre les dimensions de la conception du travail et celles du conflit en milieu de travail. Cette recherche est bas��e sur 473 participants qui occupent un emploi r��mun��r�� et qui ont v��cu une situation de conflit en milieu de travail allant jusqu����� 6 mois avant la p��riode de sondage, allant du 14 au 18 janvier 2012. Les r��sultats indiquent qu���il n���y a pas de relations particuli��res entre la conception du travail et le type de conflit en milieu de travail. En ce qui a trait aux effets des traits de personnalit��, les r��sultats indiquent que ces variables n���ont aucuns effets mod��rateurs sur la relation entre la conception du travail et le type de conflit en milieu de travail. Globalement, les r��sultats ne d��montrent aucune relation entre la conception du travail et les types de conflit en milieu de travail, ou les effets mod��rateurs que les traits de personnalit��s peuvent avoir sur ces relations.

���All work and no play ��� ?��� : a critical investigation of an emerging public health discourse on children���s play.

Dans de nombreuses soci��t��s industrialis��es, une grande valeur est attribu��e au jeu des enfants, principalement parce que le jeu est consid��r�� comme ��tant une composante essentielle de leur d��veloppement et qu���il contribue �� leur bonheur et �� leur bien-��tre. Toutefois, des inqui��tudes ont r��cemment ��t�� exprim��es au regard des transformations qui s���op��rent dans le jeu des enfants, notamment en ce qui a trait �� la r��duction du temps de jeu en plein air. Ces transformations ont ��t�� attribu��es, en grande partie, �� une perception de risques accrus associ��s au jeu en plein air et �� des changements sociaux qui favorisent des activit��s de loisirs plus structur��es et organis��es. L���inqui��tude concernant la diminution de l���espace-temps accord�� au jeu des enfants est d���ailleurs clairement exprim��e dans le discours de la sant�� publique qui, de plus, t��moigne d���un redoublement de pr��occupations vis-��-vis du mode de vie s��dentaire des enfants et d���une volont�� affirm��e de pr��vention de l'ob��sit�� infantile. Ainsi, les organisations de sant�� publique sont d��sormais engag��es dans la promotion du jeu actif pour accro��tre l'activit�� physique des enfants. Nous assistons �� l�����mergence d���un discours de sant�� publique portant sur le jeu des enfants. �� travers quatre articles, cette th��se explore le discours ��mergeant en sant�� publique sur le jeu des enfants et analyse certains de ses effets potentiels. L'article 1 pr��sente une prise de position sur le sujet du jeu en sant�� publique. J���y d��finis le cadre d'analyse de cette th��se en pr��sentant l'argument central de la recherche, les positions que les organisations de sant�� publique adoptent vis-��-vis le jeu des enfants et les r��percussions potentielles que ces positions peuvent avoir sur les enfants et leurs jeux. La th��se permet ensuite d���examiner comment la notion de jeu est abord��e par le discours de sant�� publique. L'article 2 pr��sente ainsi une analyse de discours de sant�� publique �� travers 150 documents portant sur la sant��, l'activit�� physique, l'ob��sit��, les loisirs et le jeu des enfants. Cette ��tude consid��re les valeurs et les postulats qui sous-tendent la promotion du jeu comme moyen d���am��liorer la sant�� physique des enfants et permet de discerner comment le jeu est fa��onn��, disciplin�� et normalis�� dans le discours de sant�� publique. Notre propos r��v��le que le discours de sant�� publique repr��sente le jeu des enfants comme une activit�� pouvant am��liorer leur sant��; que le plaisir sert de v��hicule �� la promotion de l���activit�� physique ; et que les enfants seraient encourag��s �� organiser leur temps libre de mani��re �� optimiser leur sant��. ��tant donn�� l���influence potentielle du discours de sant�� publique sur la signification et l���exp��rience v��cue du jeu parmi les enfants, cette th��se pr��sente ensuite une analyse des repr��sentations qu���ont 25 enfants ��g��s de 7 �� 11 ans au regard du jeu. L���article 3 sugg��re que le jeu est une fin en soi pour les enfants de cette ��tude; qu'il rev��t une importance au niveau ��motionnel; et qu'il s���av��re intrins��quement motiv��, sans but particulier. De plus, l���amusement que procure le jeu rel��ve autant d���activit��s engag��es que d���activit��s s��dentaires. Enfin, certains enfants expriment un sentiment d'ambivalence concernant les jeux organis��s; tandis que d���autres consid��rent parfois le risque comme une composante particuli��rement agr��able du jeu. De tels r��sultats signalent une dissonance entre les formes de jeux promues en sant�� publique et le sens attribu�� au jeu par les enfants. Prenant appui sur le concept de �� biop��dagogies �� inspir�� des ��crits de Michel Foucault, le quatri��me article de cette th��se propose un croisement des deux volets de cette ��tude, soit le discours de sant�� publique sur le jeu et les constructions du jeu par les enfants. Bien que le discours de la sant�� publique exhortant au ��jeu actif�� soit reproduit par certains enfants, d'autres soulignent que le jeu s��dentaire est important pour leur bien-��tre social et affectif. D���autre part, tandis que le �� jeu actif �� apparait, dans le discours de sant�� publique, comme une solution permettant de limiter le risque d'ob��sit��, il comporte n��anmoins des contradictions concernant la notion de risque, dans la mesure o�� les enfants ont �� n��gocier avec les risques inh��rents �� l���activit�� accrue. �� terme, cet article sugg��re que le discours de sant�� publique met de l���avant certaines repr��sentations du jeu (actifs) tandis qu���il en n��glige d���autres (s��dentaires). Cette situation pourrait donner lieu �� des cons��quences inattendues, dans la mesure o�� les enfants pourraient ��ventuellement reconfigurer leurs pratiques de jeu et les significations qu���ils y accordent. Cette th��se n'a pas pour but de fournir des recommandations particuli��res pour la sant�� publique au regard du jeu des enfants. Prenant appui sur la perspective th��orique de Michel Foucault, nous pr��sentons plut��t une analyse d���un discours ��mergeant en sant�� publique ainsi que des pistes pour la poursuite de recherches sur le jeu dans le domaine de l���enfance. Enfin, compte tenu des effets potentiels du discours de la sant�� publique sur le jeu des enfants, et les perspectives contemporaines sur le jeu et les enfants, la conclusion offre des pistes de r��flexion critique.

Short-Term Effects of Social Exclusion at work and Worries on Sleep

The present study investigated short-term effects of daily social exclusion at work on various indicators of sleep quality and tested the mediating role of work-related worries using a time-based diary study with ambulatory assessments of sleep quality. Ninety full-time employees participated in a 2-week data collection. Multilevel analyses revealed that daily workplace social exclusion and work-related worries were positively related to sleep fragmentation in the following night. Daily social exclusion, however, was unrelated to sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency and self-reported sleep quality. Moreover, worries did not mediate the effect of social exclusion at work on sleep fragmentation. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

Theory and Practice: A Matter of Words. Language, Knowledge and Professional Community in Social Work

The relation between theory and practice in social work has always been controversial. Recently, many have underlined how language is crucial in order to capture how knowledge is used in practice. This article introduces a language perspective to the issue, rooted in the ���strong programme��� in the sociology of knowledge and in Wittgenstein���s late work. According to this perspective, the meaning of categories and concepts corresponds to the use that concrete actors make of them as a result of on-going negotiation processes in specific contexts. Meanings may vary dramatically across social groups moved by different interests and holding different cultures. Accordingly, we may reformulate the issue of theory and practice in terms of the connections between different language games and power relationship between segments of the professional community. In this view, the point is anyway to look at how theoretical language relates to practitioners��� broader frames, and how it is transformed while providing words for making sense of experience.

Social stressors at work and sleep quality on sunday night ��� The mediating role of psychological detachment

Purpose Recovery is a critical link between acute reactions to work-stressors and the development of health-impairments in the long run. Even though recovery is particularly necessary when recovery opportunities during work are insufficient, research on recovery during weekends, is still scarce. To fill this gap we tested, whether the inability to psychologically detach from work mediates the effect of social stressors at work on sleep quality on Sunday night. Design/Methodology Sixty full-time employees participated in the study. Daily assessment included diaries on psychological detachment and ambulatory actigraphy to assess psychophysiological indicators of sleep quality. Results Hierarchical regression analyses revealed social stressors at work to be related with psychological detachment and with several sleep quality parameters on Sunday night. Furthermore, psychological detachment from work mediated the effect of social stressors at work on sleep quality. Limitations Methodological considerations regarding the use of actigraphy data should be taken into account. Research/Practical Implications Our results show that social stressors at work may lower resources just before people get started into the new working week. Originality/Value This is the first study to show that social stressors at work are an antecedent of psychological detachment on Sunday evening and of objective sleep quality on Sunday.

Work values as predictors of entrepreneurial career intentions: A longitudinal analysis of gender effects.

Purpose ��� Work values are an important characteristic to understand gender differences in career intentions, but how gender affects the relationship between values and career intentions is not well established. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether gender moderates the effects of work values on level and change of entrepreneurial intentions (EI). Design/methodology/approach ��� In total, 218 German university students were sampled regarding work values and with EI assessed three times over the course of 12 months. Data were analysed with latent growth modelling. Findings ��� Self���enhancement and openness to change values predicted higher levels and conservation values lower levels of EI. Gender moderated the effects of enhancement and conservation values on change in EI. Research limitations/implications ��� The authors relied on self���reported measures and the sample was restricted to university students. Future research needs to verify to what extent these results generalize to other samples and different career fields, such as science or nursing. Practical implications ��� The results imply that men and women are interested in an entrepreneurial career based on the same work values but that values have different effects for men and women regarding individual changes in EI. The results suggest that the prototypical work values of a career domain seem important regarding increasing the career intent for the gender that is underrepresented in that domain. Originality/value ��� The results enhance understanding of how gender affects the relation of work values and a specific career intention, such as entrepreneurship.

Engaging with a world outside of ourselves:vistas of flatness, children's work and the urban informal economy

This paper considers the work and labour of children living on the streets of Accra, Ghana. It does so in two distinctive ways. First, it considers how the children's photographs of a day or two in their working lives, and the dialogues that go on in, through and around them, may contribute to the making of strong sociological arguments about children's work. In so doing, this paper elaborates the connections between visual sociology and realist traditions of photography, and argues that photographs can contribute distinctive and novel sources of insight into working children's lives and a powerful, humanising media of dissemination. Second, these arguments are then deployed to examine street children's experiences of work. Conceptualised in terms of its 'flatness', the paper explores the informal means of regulation through which the children are locked into types of working that prove difficult to escape. �� Sociological Research Online, 1996-2012.

Autonomy and authority in the lives of children who work as domestic servants in Ghana

Limited literature exists on Ghana's child domestic servants, and researchers have found it difficult to locate and study these children. The research for this dissertation used qualitative research methodologies and non-probabilistic sampling techniques to make it possible to interview child domestic servants, their parents, employers and recruiters in Ghana. The findings from the qualitative analyses informed the second part of this study, which was quantitative and tested hypotheses using crosstabulations and logistic regression analyses that were based on survey data from the Ghana Statistical Service. Explanatory variables in the quantitative analyses included lineage, level of education and relationships to the household head. ^ This study located findings about the processes of children's recruitment into domestic servitude, their working conditions and methods of remuneration in theories of slavery to answer the question of whether or not child domestic servants are slaves. According to the findings, elite households in Ghana exploit children from rural regions because they have taken advantage of a historical practice that allowed children to live with older members of their extended families to provide domestic services and in return, be given the chance to receive formal education or to learn a trade. The participants in the qualitative part of this research described the treatments that they receive from their employers as slavery. Nevertheless, the processes of their recruitment and the age at which most of them accepted such job offers made it difficult to categorize a majority of them as contemporary slaves. ^

Perspectives on gender, migration and transnational work: joint work of social reproduction and care in Southern Europe

This paper presents the "state of the art" and some of the main issues discussed in relation to the topic of transnational migration and reproductive work in southern Europe. We start doing a genealogy of the complex theoretical development leading to the consolidation of the research program, linking consideration of gender with transnational migration and transformation of work and ways of survival, thus making the production aspects as reproductive, in a context of globalization. The analysis of the process of multiscale reconfiguration of social reproduction and care, with particular attention to its present global dimension is presented, pointing to the turning point of this line of research that would have taken place with the beginning of this century, with the rise notions such as "global care chains" (Hochschild, 2001), or "care drain" (Ehrenreich and Hochschild, 2013). Also, the role of this new agency, now composed in many cases women who migrate to other countries or continents, precisely to address these reproductive activities, is recognized. Finally, reference is made to some of the new conceptual and theoretical developments in this area.

���Work of Kinship��� done by Families in Santiago de Chile

This paper reports the progress achieved in an anthropological investigation based on which there is now a more in depth understanding of some dimensions of the ���kinship work��� carried out by families in Chile. The main objective is to analyze the work of maintaining family links performed primarily by women within families and show how this work reproduces gender inequalities within them. On the basis of a longitudinal methodology based on semi-structured interviews, it is concluded that the work of maintaining family links performed by women is crucial but goes unnoticed because kinship obligations are seen as a naturally being part of women���s role in the family.

Sensory work of diagnosis : a crisis of legitimacy

The reliability of information on work-related injuries available from hospitalisation data in Australia

Objective: To examine the reliability of work-related activity coding for injury-related hospitalisations in Australia. Method: A random sample of 4373 injury-related hospital separations from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2004 were obtained from a stratified random sample of 50 hospitals across 4 states in Australia. From this sample, cases were identified as work-related if they contained an ICD-10-AM work-related activity code (U73) allocated by either: (i) the original coder; (ii) an independent auditor, blinded to the original code; or (iii) a research assistant, blinded to both the original and auditor codes, who reviewed narrative text extracted from the medical record. The concordance of activity coding and number of cases identified as work-related using each method were compared. Results: Of the 4373 cases sampled, 318 cases were identified as being work-related using any of the three methods for identification. The original coder identified 217 and the auditor identified 266 work-related cases (68.2% and 83.6% of the total cases identified, respectively). Around 10% of cases were only identified through the text description review. The original coder and auditor agreed on the assignment of work-relatedness for 68.9% of cases. Conclusions and Implications: The current best estimates of the frequency of hospital admissions for occupational injury underestimate the burden by around 32%. This is a substantial underestimate that has major implications for public policy, and highlights the need for further work on improving the quality and completeness of routine, administrative data sources for a more complete identification of work-related injuries.

Youth, personhood and 'practices of the self'

In contrast to most previous research in the field, this paper argues that the concept of 'youth' is best understood as an example of the governmental formation of a specific type of person. It is constructed at the intersection of a variety of diverse problematisations, being produced by the processes of individuation/ normalisation and the regulation of relations of time. Within programs such as those pertinent to the management of sex, an array of technologies structure the practices by which individuals pattern their own conduct - thereby fashioning a kind of habitus. This forms part of a general strategy of enrolling the objects of these programs in their own self-reformation. Consequently, `youth' can be understood as `the doing of specific types of work on the self'. By utilising this framework, the paper not only seeks to identify and better understand some of the sexual subjectivities associated with the construction of youth, it also seeks to offer some new directions for research in the area.

A re-assessment of the debate over sex education

The intention of this paper is to call into question the apparent dichotomy between left and right wing positions concerning the implementation of sex education in Queensland Schools. By adopting a more historicised approach, it is suggested that these positions are part of dual and supplementary strategies which work through specific problematisations associated with youth. Accordingly, the emphasis should be shifted from generalised depictions of the adolescent/youth to more focused accounts, questioning how teaching children to manage their sex became a governmental imperative.