Mulheres com atipias, lesões precursoras e invasivas do colo do útero: condutas segundo as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde

OBJETIVO: Verificar se as mulheres com atipias de significado indeterminado e lesões precursoras ou invasivas do colo do útero foram encaminhadas para uma Unidade de Média Complexidade (UMC) conforme as condutas recomendadas pelo do Ministério da Saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com base nos resultados dos exames citopatológicos de mulheres usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde, atendidas nas Unidades de Atenção Básica de Saúde (UABS), encaminhadas para a UMC do município de Goiânia (GO) no período de 2005 a 2006. Foram analisados 832 prontuários seguindo-se como padrão de avaliação as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde expostas na Nomenclatura Brasileira para Laudos Cervicais e Condutas Clínicas Preconizadas. Para verificar a distribuição das variáveis motivos de encaminhamento, resultados dos exames colposcópicos e histopatológicos, e condutas clínicas utilizou-se o cálculo de frequências absolutas e relativas, média, valores mínimo e máximo. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que 72,7% dos encaminhamentos não estavam em conformidade com as recomendações do MS. Das 605 mulheres com resultados classificados como células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado, possivelmente não neoplásicas, e lesão intraepitelial de baixo grau encaminhadas à UMC, 71,8% foram submetidas à colposcopia e 64,7% submetidas a exames histopatológicos cujos resultados foram classificados como sem neoplasias em 31,0% e NIC I em 44,6%. Das 211 mulheres com resultados classificados como lesões escamosas mais graves, 86,3% foram submetidas à colposcopia e destas 68,7% a exames histopatológicos. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados deste estudo mostraram elevada frequência de encaminhamentos inadequados para Unidade de atendimento secundário, o que demandou alto percentual de procedimentos desnecessários. As recomendações do MS foram seguidas pelas Unidades secundárias e a maioria das mulheres recebeu orientação/tratamento preconizados.

A diretriz de hierarquização do SUS: mudando a antiga perspectiva do modelo médico-assistencial privatista

O Sistema Único de Saúde foi criado em 1988, época em que vigorava no Brasil, um modelo de saúde hospitalocêntrico. Tal modelo era curativo, centrado na doença, e distribuído geograficamente em locais-chave. O acesso dava-se de forma desordenada, causando grande insatisfação da população e enormes gastos por se tratar de complexos hospitalares de alta tecnologia. Buscando uma contrapartida a esse modelo, o SUS criou, entre outros princípios e diretrizes, a diretriz da hierarquização a qual segmentou o sistema de saúde em níveis de complexidade. Os principais objetivos foram aumentar a abrangência do atendimento médico, otimizar sua prática e proporcionar qualidade aos usuários, além de reduzir os custos para o Estado. O modelo foi bem estruturado e beneficiou enormemente a saúde pública, mas ainda enfrenta desafios como os altos custos, a ineficácia da atenção básica, a heterogeneidade do serviço e as dificuldades de fluxo pelos níveis de atenção. Estes estão em constante aprimoramento para que o SUS funcione efetivamente e garanta saúde e qualidade de vida a todos os brasileiros.

Análise de programas e ações em assistência farmacêutica para a disponibilidade de medicamentos essenciais no programa saúde da família

A estratégia do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) vem sendo utilizada, no Brasil, na consolidação da atenção primária à saúde. Segundo a OMS, um dos elementos fundamentais no fortalecimento da atenção básica é o acesso a medicamentos essenciais. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho consiste em uma análise da disponibilidade de medicamentos essenciais junto às equipes do PSF. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi utilizada a base de dados da “Avaliação Normativa do PSF”, realizada pelo Ministério da Saúde nos anos de 2001 e 2002. Também foram analisados os elencos pactuados pelas Unidades da Federação para o Incentivo à Assistência Farmacêutica Básica, o Kit do PSF, a Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais e o Elenco Mínimo e Obrigatório, no contexto da Política Nacional de Medicamentos (PNM). Assim, os dados disponíveis permitiram analisar, a partir da presença de 13 medicamentos essenciais nas equipes do PSF, o desempenho das mesmas quanto à disponibilidade dos medicamentos estudados, resultando em categorias de desempenho no país e nas respectivas regiões geográficas. As categorias estabelecidas neste estudo em relação à disponibilidade de medicamentos essenciais foram C e D para um pior desempenho e, A e B para um melhor desempenho. Desta forma, 3,8% das equipes do PSF foram classificadas na categoria D, 19,50% das equipes na categoria C, 47,6% categoria B e 29% das equipes na categoria A. Os resultados da análise dos elencos pactuados para o Incentivo à Assistência Farmacêutica Básica sugerem uma revisão ampla nestes elencos, que propiciem uma qualificação no atendimento às necessidades terapêuticas dos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Finalmente, conclui-se que a qualidade dos elencos pactuados e a disponibilidade de medicamentos essenciais encontradas na avaliação das equipes do PSF, enquanto um dos indicadores da atenção básica, possibilita uma revisão nas competências estabelecidas para os gestores na PNM, na hierarquização do SUS e na organização da Assistência Farmacêutica Básica levando a uma necessidade de ações que garantam uma reorientação efetiva do modelo assistencial.

Financiamento e gasto público em saúde: o caso do Rio Grande do Norte

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Trânsito de saberes e campo representacional na visão dos profissionais da saúde da família e do programa de educação pelo trabalho e para a saúde

The Family Health Strategy (ESF) is emerging as a possible restructuring of services and new practices of intervention in health care; it requires skilled professionals to work with that framework. Within this purpose, we established the Education Programme for Work and Health (PET-Saúde), in order to integrate teaching and service activities, focusing on primary care. On this basis, the aim of this work is to apprehend the social representation of nurse, doctor and dentist (Project PET-Natal Health RN preceptors) on the ESF, while practice field of them. It is a descriptive and exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in 07 Family Health Units (USF) included in the PET-Saúde Natal (RN). The population was composed of 35 professional components of the primary care team with bachelor's degree of the USF linked to this project. The sample was composed of 05 nurses, 05 physicians and 05 dentists, for a total of 15 subjects. Data were collected through three instruments: the drawing-themed story, a semi-structured individual interviews and field diary. The data relating to the identification of the subjects were entered and tabulated by the Microsoft Excel software 2007 version. The drawing analysis and interpretation is given by the significance attributed to the resource chart from title and keywords assigned by the subjects, considering the ESF as an inductive term. The stories and interviews were transcribed and typed and then subjected to read/listen the material and a lexical analysis through Alceste. After this process, the discursive material was analyzed and discussed by theoretical and methodological feature of the Social Representations theory. The majority of health professionals were female, aged between 46 and 52 years old, married, income less than six minimum wage, time since graduation ranged from 22 to 29 years and working time in the ESF range from 02 to 11 years. From the classification system ALCESTE were selected categories identified by: Category 1 - ESF: relations and territory; Category 2 - Training and bond profile; Category 3 - Working process in the ESF; Category 4 - Articulation between teaching and service; Category 5 - Health care and disease prevention. The representational field construction, while a process, followed the logic of structural cores in existing categories. In this sense, it is clear that the ESF is an environment rich in diversity, experience and relationships with potential such as the relationship "very subject-subject" and the link established between professional-community, but also has some weaknesses such as poor working conditions, lack of popular participation and management support, thus difficulties in the achievement of teamwork. Being essential to that end, the teaching-service aimed at the formation of a new health professional able to work in the ESF. In this research, the training of the representational field encountered a diversity of structural cores, or thoughts on training, about the ESF because of the greater emphasis on the here and now of the interaction between health professionals, the ESF, the community, PET Health-UFRN and students, emphasizing that such proposals are still considered as concepts in the context of recent health and that, therefore, are not fully realized in the social imaginary

As ações de controle da tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde: a visão do doente

Tuberculosis is a disease of great impact on the world context today. In Brazil, the disease management was directed to the Primary Health Care, due to the determination of the Ministry of Health to decentralize health actions for primary care. Thus, since the actions of diagnosis, treatment and control of the disease should happen in this context, however, there are still many barriers that may hinder the realization of these determinations. This study aims to analyze the development of tuberculosis control activities conducted in the services of primary health care from the patient's vision. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study. The population consists of 517 tuberculosis patients treated in units of Primary Health Care in the city of Natal-RN; the sample consists of 93 TB patients. The collect instrument is structured, based in The Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT), validated in Brazil and adapted to assess attention to TB in Brazil, with modifications. This instrument was divided into blocks: the first one describes the socio-demographic information of patients with TB and the second one describes the health services working in control, diagnosis and treatment of TB, and includes issues related to the dimensions of primary care: access, bond, services, coordination of care, guidance to the community and family focus. For quantitative analysis, were built indicators for each item of the instrument. The response patterns are followed according to the Likert scale, which was assigned a value between one and five meant that the degree of preference relation (or agreement) of the statements. Values between 1 and 3 were considered unsatisfactory for the indicator, between 3 and less than 4, regular, and between 4 and 5, satisfactory. The results indicate that 62.37% of patients are male, 27.96% aged 41 to 50 years old, and 34.41% unemployed, with low education and low family income. It was found that the reference hospital services are the front door to the patient (59.14%), and are also the local diagnosis of the disease (72.04%). On access, the conditions satisfactory found are: the number of times the patients need to pick up the health care issue, the marking and the facility to get a consultancy in the HS, assistance provided without harm to the individual's attendance labor and facilities related to the proximity between the residence and services; were considered unsatisfactory conditions related to travel to the HS, and on hours and days of operation of services. As for the cast of services were satisfactory and regular actions related to the request for examination to become viable in the first HS, the availability of pot to perform smear and medicines for the treatment, as well as consultations control and receiving information about the disease and the treatment performed; it is considered unsatisfactory the performance of the home care for patients with TB by the HS that acts as a front door, for implementation of the Directly Observed Treatment (DOT), home visits during treatment, the provision of transportation allowance to the patient and the existence of groups for TB patients. Regarding the coordination of care, resulted in regular the action of referring the patient to other HS to obtain examinations, and as unsatisfactory referral to obtain medications. The relationship bond between patient and health team were considered satisfactory in the majority or regular. As for the family and community focus, is satisfactory only the indicator relating to questions from professionals to the patient about the existence of respiratory symptoms in the family. It is considered that there is need for greater commitment from government entities to the incentives required to TB control, as well as the availability of necessary inputs and training of human resources working in the PHC in the ongoing quest to strengthen primary care, as a place of broader host needs to contact the user with the actions and health professionals. It is recommended the adoption of management mechanisms possible to expand the capacity of the health PHC, promoting the service delivery to the user and ensuring attention to population health.

Razão e Fé: estudo do grupo de oração como prática complementar na promoção à saúde

The World Health Organization (WHO) has given special attention to therapeutic procedures other than those practiced in conventional therapy, including homeopathy, phytotherapy, spiritual therapies and prayers, making possible the transition from a mere medicalizating model to a holistic view of the human being. This trend, earmarked in 1978 at the Alma-Ata Conference, questions the ability of technological and specialized medicine to solve the health problems of humankind. In Brazil, the onset of the Brazilian unified health system in 1988, introduced changes in the population s health care model where, within the scope of basic care, emphasis has been given to the Family Health Program since 1994. In this scenery, there is a broad area of complementary practices used in promoting health and preventing and treating diseases to support an understanding of the habits and beliefs underpinning popular practices. The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception users participating in the Peace and Balance group of the Family Health Unit of Nova Cidade, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, started in 1999, have of the relationship between the experience of prayer and the changes that may have taken place in their lives after joining the group. It is a case study of descriptive nature and qualitative approach. The data were collected during focus group interviews between January and February 2007, using as tools a questionnaire to describe the research participants and a discussion outline. The theoretical support approached the following: religion and the evolution of thought; complementary health practices; and religion as a complementary health practice. Those interviewed reported, as results of such experience, a reduction in stress and depression, an increase in socialization and self-esteem, improved family interaction, comfort, safety, assurance, improved blood pressure levels and a decrease in the use of antihypertension medication and psychopharmacs. Although most professionals do not consider attention to the religious and spiritual aspects an effective therapeutical complement in health care, its understanding and practice may democratize knowledge and relationships, out of which they can learn how to make health production more effective, strengthening assurance and confidence, and developing and expanding soft technologies aimed at health care promotion and wholeness

A incorporação da saúde bucal no programa saúde da família do Rio Grande do Norte: investigando a possibilidade de conversão do modelo assistencial

The Health Family Program (HFP) was founded in the 1990s with the objective of changing the health care model through a restructuring of primary care. Oral health was officially incorporated into HFP mainly through the efforts of dental professionals, and was seen as a way to break from oral health care models based on curative, technical biological and inequity methods. Despite the fast expansion of HFP oral health teams, it is essential to ask if changes are really occurring in the oral health model of municipalities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the incorporation of oral health teams into the Health Family Program by analyzing the factors that may interfere positively or negatively in the implementation of this strategy and consequently in the process of changing oral health care models in the National Health System in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This evaluation involves three dimensions: access, work organization and strategies of planning. For this purpose,19 municipalities, geographically distributed according to Regional Public Health Units (RPHU), were randomly selected. The data collection instruments used were: structured interview of supervisors and dentists, structured observation, documental research and data from national health data banks. It was possible to identify critical points that may be impeding the implementation of oral health into HFP, such as, low incomes, no legal employment contract, difficulty in referring patients for high-complexity procedures, in developing intersectoral actions and program strategies such as epidemiologic diagnosis and evaluation of the new actions. The majority of municipalities showed little or no improvement in oral health care after incorporating the new model into HFP. All of them had failures in most of the aspects mentioned above. Furthermore, these municipalities are similar in other areas, such as low educational levels in children from 7 to 14 years of age, high child mortality rates and wide social inequalities. On the other hand, the five municipalities that had improved oral health, according to the categories analyzed, offered better living conditions to the population, with higher life expectancy, low infant mortality rates, per capita income among the highest in the state as well as high Human Development Index (HDI) means. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that public policies that include aspects beyond the health sector are decisive for a real change in health care models

Estratégias de cuidado integral à saúde: os CAPS no processo de implementação do apoio matricial em Natal/RN

This study aims to analyzing the implementation of the Matrix Support proposal with professionals of Substitutive Services in Mental Health in the city of Natal/RN. The Matrix Support (MS) is an institutional arrangement which has been recently adopted by the Health Ministry, as an administrative strategy, for the construction of a wide care net in Mental Health, deviating the logic of indiscriminate follow-through changed by one of co-responsibility. In addition to this, its goal is to promote a major resolution as regards health assistance. Integral attention, as it is intended by the unique health system, may be reached by means of knowledge and practices interchange, establishing an interdisciplinary work logic, through an interconnected net of health services. For the accomplishment of this study, individual interviews of semi-structured character were used as instrument, with the coordinators and technical staff of the CAPs. The data collection was done in the following services: CAPS II ( East and West) and CAPS ad ( North and East), in the city of Natal/RN. The results point out that the CAPs to initiate of the discussion the process in the implementation of the MS aiming, to promote the reorganization and redefinition of the flow in the net, thus not acting in a fragmented way. Nevertheless, there is no effective articulation concerning the basic attention services, there is a major focus of the attention in mental health on the specialized services, little insertion in the territory and in the everyday life of the community

Condições de trabalho e transtornos mentais comuns em trabalhadores da rede básica de saúde de Botucatu (SP)

Os transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) apresentam elevada prevalência em populações gerais e de trabalhadores, com consequências individuais e sociais importantes. Este estudo, transversal e descritivo, explora a relação entre demandas psicológicas, grau de controle e presença de suporte social no trabalho e prevalência de TMC em trabalhadores da rede básica de saúde de Botucatu (SP). A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de questionário autoaplicável, não identificado, com destaque para itens relativos à demanda-controle-suporte e presença de TMC (Self Reporting Questionnaire, SRQ-20). As informações foram inseridas em banco de dados construído com Excel/Office XP 2003 e a análise estatística, efetuada com o programa SAS. Constatou-se que 42,6% dos trabalhadores apresentavam TMC. A observação de associação - alta prevalência de TMC com elevado desgaste (classificação de Karasek) e baixa prevalência de TMC com baixo desgaste - indica que, no município estudado, as condições de trabalho na atenção básica constituem fator contributivo não negligenciável ao adoecimento dos trabalhadores. Revela-se a necessidade de intervenções direcionadas ao cuidado aos trabalhadores, melhoria das condições de trabalho e aumento do suporte social no trabalho.

Diabetes mellitus: razão de prevalências nas diferentes regiões geográficas no Brasil, 2002 2007

Considerando o Diabetes mellitus (DM) como um relevante problema de saúde no Brasil e a importância das estimativas de prevalência para planejamento e estratégias em saúde pública, propôs-se este trabalho com o objetivo de estimar a razão de prevalências do DM nos diferentes estados brasileiros nos períodos de 2002 a 2004 e 2005 a 2007. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, baseado em dados da população brasileira com diagnóstico de DM cadastrada no Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB) junto ao Ministério da Saúde. As taxas de prevalência foram calculadas para o período de 2002 a 2004 e para 2005 a 2007, e posteriormente estimou-se a Razão de Prevalências (R) por ponto e por intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Observou-se alta prevalência de DM nos estados brasileiros com aumento significativo (R>1; IC95%>1) entre os períodos em todos os estados brasileiros, com destaque para o Distrito Federal (R=1,9800; IC95%=1,97241,9876) e o estado do Maranhão (R=1,5217; IC95%=1,51981,5235). Pode-se concluir que houve aumento significativo na prevalência de DM no Brasil de 2002 a 2007, sinalizando para a necessidade de formulação de estratégias de prevenção e controle da doença.

Avaliação de instrumento para classificação de risco familiar em unidades de saúde da família

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Reorganizando o cotidiano da equipe de saúde mental: um trabalho interdisciplinar por meio do apoio matricial

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Seleção de indicadores para a gestão de saúde no município

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Diabetes mellitus: avaliação do grau de conhecimento de acadêmicos de odontologia e de cirurgiões-dentistas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)