沈阳市郊秋菜田的景观生态研究Ⅱ.秋菜田斑块与其它相邻景观要素间相互关系

对沈阳市郊区秋菜田斑块与相邻接的其它景观要素的某些相互关系进行了研究 ,得出了在某一时段内通过一秋菜田斑块和一玉米田斑块之间界面移动的节肢动物类群和数量 ,观测到 7个目的昆虫以平均流量 10 .3只·m-1·d-1通过两斑块边界相互流动 ,以及一乡村道路交通扬尘对秋菜田上降尘率大小和范围的影响 ,受道路交通影响较大的范围可达菜田内 14m处 .并以这些观测结果为基础 ,讨论了农业景观中农业生态系统镶嵌的某些原理 .

施用有机肥对棕壤和草甸土固钾作用的影响研究

通过室内恒湿和干湿交替培养试验 ,研究了沈阳地区耕地棕壤和草甸土的固钾特征 ,及其施用有机肥后对土壤固钾作用的影响。结果表明 ,在保持土壤处于田间持水量的恒湿条件下 ,两种土壤对外源钾都能够产生快速固定作用 ,经过 1d培养土壤的固钾作用就可以达到平衡 ,但干湿交替培养可以提高土壤固钾量 2 6 80 %～ 33 2 7% ;土壤施用有机肥后 ,在恒湿和干湿交替培养条件下均可以降低土壤的固钾强度 ,其中 ,施用有机肥 6 %处理的恒湿培养 15d后 ,棕壤和草甸土的固钾量分别降低了 2 5 71%和 36 6 2 %。

土壤中质粒pLV1016在快生型大豆根瘤菌间的水平转移

在滤膜、液体培养基和土壤微宇宙 3种系统中 ,研究了接合型质粒 pLV1 0 1 6由快生型大豆根瘤菌 (Rhizobiumfredii)QB1 1 31向R .frediilux3的水平转移及pLV1 0 1 6由QB1 1 31向土著细菌的转移 .接合培养 1d后 ,分别计算供、受体菌的生长速率和质粒转移速率常数 (γ) .结果表明 ,相同接种浓度下 ,滤膜接合时γ值最高 ,土壤中γ值最低 ,γ值不受土壤是否灭菌和是否有大豆植株的影响 ,γ值与初始接种浓度负相关 ,与供、受体的生长速率正相关 .在未灭菌土中检测到 pLV1 0 1 6可转移到土著细菌 ,土著接合子分别属于根瘤菌属和假单胞菌属 .

小白菜幼苗对二氧化氮胁迫的应答及过氧化氢的调节

【目的】研究小白菜幼苗对二氧化氮(NO2)急性胁迫的应答及过氧化氢(H2O2)的调节作用。【方法】在自制的熏气箱中对供试植株进行NO2(浓度分别为0.25、0.5、1.0和2.0μl·L-1)熏蒸24h(10﹕00～次日10﹕00),测定某些生理生化指标。延长熏气至7d,每天7h(8﹕00～15﹕00),测定植株的生长速率。为了评价外源H2O2在植株对NO2应答中可能的调节作用,熏气前1d对试验组叶面喷洒10mmol·L-1H2O2溶液(相当于每棵植株喷洒约1mgH2O2),对照组喷洒等量蒸馏水。【结果】0.25μl·L-1NO2促进小白菜生长,而0.5μl·L-1及以上浓度NO2使植株生长速率和叶绿素含量显著降低,叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量增加;1μl·L-1及以上浓度NO2使老叶片出现坏死,绿色部分的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和硝酸盐(NO3-)含量增加,抗坏血酸(ASA)含量和光合速率下降,但气孔导度不受影响。10mmol·L-1H2O2预处理显著减轻NO2对植株的不利影响,其中生长速率、ASA和MDA含量等与只通入碳滤空气的对照水平相当,光合速率明显恢复,但NO3-含量和NR活性没有变化,SOD和CAT活性被进一步诱导,气孔导度降低。【结论】NO2急性胁迫引发了小白菜幼苗氧化胁迫伤害;H2O2预处理提高了小白菜的抗氧化能力,增强了对高浓度NO2的耐受性;NO2熏蒸使小白菜叶片NO3-含量增加。

复杂地形条件下的太阳资源辐射计算方法研究

借鉴国内外已有的太阳辐射计算方法,考虑地形和大气衰减因子,通过组件技术实现GIS与太阳总辐射计算模型集成,建立了太阳潜在总辐射计算模型。同时利用我国107个气象观测站的多年逐日太阳辐射资料,假设多年中有1d为晴朗无云的天气,即取多年中的最大太阳总辐射值为该计算日的潜在日总辐射值,进行模型检验,证明该方法可行

Magnet-assisted assembly of 1-dimensional hollow PtCo nanomaterials on an electrode surface

In this work, rapid and controllable confinement of one-dimensional (1D) hollow PtCo nanomaterials on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode surface was simply realized via magnetic attraction. The successful assembly was verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry, which showed that a longer exposure time of the electrode to the suspension of these 1D hollow nanomaterials (magnetic suspension) led to a larger amount of attached 1D hollow PtCo nanomaterials.

Highly 3,4-selective living polymerization of isoprene with rare earth metal fluorenyl N-heterocyclic carbene precursors

Fluorenyl modified N-heterocyclic carbene ligated rare earth metal bis(alkyl) complexes, (Flu-NHC)Ln(CH2SiMe3)2 (Flu-NHC = (C13H8CH2CH2(NCHCCHN)C6H2Me3-2,4,6); Ln = Sc (1a); Ln = Y (1b); Ln = Ho (1c); Ln = Lit (1d)), were synthesized and fully characterized by NMR and X-ray diffraction analyses. Complexes Ib-d with the activation of (AlBu3)-Bu-i and [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] exhibited high activity, medium syndio-but remarkably high 3,4-regio-selectivity, and the unprecedented livingness for the polymerization of isoprene. Such distinguished catalytic performances could be maintained under various monomer-to-initiator ratios (500-5000) and broad polymerization temperatures (25-80 degrees C).

Controllable Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of La(OH)(3) and La(OH)(3):Tb3+ Nanocrystals with Multiform Morphologies

One-dimensional La(OH)(3) nanocrystals with multiform morphologies have been successfully synthesized by a facile bydrothermal process without using any surfactant, catalyst, or template. It can be found that the pH values of the initial solutions and the alkaline sources play a crucial role in controlling the morphologies of the products. The possible formation process of the 1D samples was investigated in detail, Furthermore, the as-prepared Tb3+-doped La(OH)(3) samples show a strong green emission corresponding to D-5(4)-F-7(5) transition of the Tb3+ ions under ultraviolet or low-voltage excitation.

Entangled metal-organic frameworks modulated by N-donor ligands of different conformations

Based on the aromatic dicarboxylic acid and N-donor ligands with different conformations, four Zn(II) metal-organic frameworks, namely [Zn(mfda)(L-1)](1), [Zn-2(mfda)(2)(L-2)]center dot DMF center dot H2O (2), [Zn-2(mfda)(2)(L-3)(H2O)]center dot DMF (3) and [Zn-2(mfda)(2)(L-4)] (4) have been synthesized (mfda = 9,9-dimethylfluorene-2,7-dicarboxylate anion, L-1 = 1,10-phenanthroline, L-2 = 4,4 '-bipyridine, L-3 = 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-ocadiazole and L-4 = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction has revealed that all compounds exhibit entangled structures. Compound 1 is composed of 1D zigzag chains that are entangled through the pi-pi stacking interactions to generate a three-fold interpenetrating diamond-like networks.

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Seven d(10) Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on 9,9-Dipropylfluorene-2,7-Dicarboxylic Acid (H(2)DFDA)

A series of Zn(II) and Cd(II) metal-organic frameworks, namely, [Zn(DFDA)] (1), [Cd(DFDA)(C2H5OH)] (2), [Zn-2(DFDA)(2)(L-1)(2)](2) center dot 3H(2)O (3), [Cd-2(DFDA)(2)(L-1)(2)] (4), [Zn(DFDA)(L-2)] (5), [Cd(DFDA)(L-2)(DMF)] (6), and [Zn(DFDA)(L-3)] (7) (where DFDA = 9,9-dipropylfluorene-2,7-dicarboxylate anion, L-1 = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, L-2 = 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl) bis(imidazole), L-3 = 2,2'-bipyridine) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized. Compound 1 exhibits a three-dimensional (3D framework containing one-dimensional (1D) Zn(II)-O clusters, with (4(8).6(7)) topology. Compound 2 contains hydrophobic channels built from infinite 1D Cd(II)-O clusters, with (4(8).5(4).6(3)) topology.

3D metal-organic frameworks incorporating water-soluble tetra-p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene

Water-soluble tetra-p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene, acting as a four-connected node, bridges the rare earth cations into a 3D porous MOF in which 1D smaller circular hydrophilic channels and larger quadratic ones are lined up along the c axis and interconnected to each other by the calixarene cavities and other interstices.

Macroscopic single-crystal tubes assembled with porous supramolecular architecture of water-soluble calixarene and phenanthroline

Single-crystal tubular products on the millimetre scale have been synthesized from water-soluble calixarene and phenanthroline in the presence of lanthanides by a hydrothermal method, in which the extended structures contain some 1D infinite channels.

1,2,3,4-Alternate double cone conformational extreme in the supramolecular assemblies of p-sulfonatocalix[8]arene

Two supramolecular assemblies of p-sulfonato-calix[8]arene were stacked by some infinite 1D 'molecular capsule' chains in which the calixarenes adopt an unprecedented 1,2,3,4-alternate double cone conformation.

Synthesis and Characterization of One-Dimensional and Molecular M(tren)InAsS4 (M = Mn, Co, and Zn) Compounds with a Noncondensed AsS33- Unit

Four transition-metal-amine complexes incorporating indium thioarsenates with the general formula M(tren)InAsS4 (M=Mn, Co, and Zn) and a noncondensed AsS33- unit have been prepared and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses show that compound 1 (M=Mn) crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system (space group: P (1) over bar) and consists of a one-dimensional (1D) inorganic (1)(infinity){[InAsS4](2-)} chain and [Mn(tren)](2+) groups bonded to the opposite sides of an eight-membered In2As2S4 ring along the backbone of the infinite inorganic chains. Compounds 2 (M=Mn), 3 (M=Zn), and 4 (M=Co) are isomorphous molecular compounds. They all crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system (space group: P2(1)/c). The Mn2+ cation of [Mn(tren)](2+) in 1 has a distorted octahedral environment, while the transition-metal cations of [M(tren)](2+) in the other three compounds locate in trigonal-bipyramidal environments.

Rare Earth Fluorides Nanowires/Nanorods Derived from Hydroxides: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Luminescence Properties

In this paper, we reported the synthesis of nearly monodisperse and well-defined one-dimensional (1D) rare earth fluoride(beta-NaREF4) (RE = Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) nanowires/nanorods by in situ acid corrosion and anion exchange approach using RE(OH)(3) as precursors via a facile hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and photoluminescence(PL)spectroscopy were used to characterize the samples. The results show that the as-prepared rare earth fluoride (beta-NaREF4) nanowires/nanorods preserve the basic morphology of the initial RE(OH)(3) precursors.