960 resultados para SCCmec, Genotyping, Staphylococcus, Bioinformatics


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O Staphylococcus aureus é um dos principais agentes das mastites consideradas contagiosas, apresentando elevada incidência na maioria dos rebanhos leiteiros em vários países. Além de perdas econômicas é importante salientar o aspecto de saúde pública para cepas produtoras de enterotoxinas e da toxina do choque tóxico. A enterotoxina A, relacionada com maior ênfase nos casos de toxinfecções alimentares, pode ser veiculada pelo leite cru, pasteurizado e subprodutos lácteos. A síndrome do choque tóxico é determinada mais freqüentemente pela toxina do choque tóxico, porém as enterotoxinas do tipo B e C também podem ser implicadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de S.aureus produtores de enteroxinas e da toxina do choque tóxico em amostras de leite de animais com mastite subclínica, e correlacionar estes resultados com a contagem de células somáticas; utilizando a técnica de celofane over agar para detecção da TNAase, kit comercial para identificação das enterotxinas e contagem eletrônica de células somáticas. Avaliod]MORENO, B.[u-se 209 amostras de leite oriundas de vacas com mastite subclínica por S.aureus, e dentre estas, 209 (98,86%) produziram TNAse, nove amostras (4,39%) foram produtoras de enterotoxinas, sendo que uma (0,49%) dentre elas foi produtora de EED, três (1,46%) de EEC, e três (1,46%) de EEB. em uma amostra (0,49%), detectou-se concomitantemente EEA e EEB e em outra EEB e EEC. A toxina do choque tóxico não foi encontrada nas cepas avaliadas neste estudo, assim como não houve aumento estatisticamente significativo, na contagem de células somáticas, das amostras de cepas produtoras de enteroxinas.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected by bees from vegetal sources and its therapeutic properties have been investigated. In this work, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) from the Southeast and South of Brazil on coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) growth as well as the EEP in vitro synergism with antimicrobial drugs by using the diffusion method (E-test). The EEP chemical characteristics (dry weight, pH, flavonoid and phenolic compounds) were determined. Seven drugs were tested, and synergism was observed between three drugs and Southeast EEP, six drugs and South EEP, and one drug and ethanol control. Ethanolic extracts of propolis from the South of Brazil presented the greatest flavonoid content and synergism rate, while EEP from the Southeast presented the greatest anti-CNS activity and phenolic compound content. Results showed the correlation among anti-CNS activity, synergism rate and chemical characteristics of propolis.

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Staphylococcus aureus is the main agent of infections during peritoneal dialysis (PD). The presence of S. aureus in the nasal cavity has been extensively studied and suggested as a risk factor of dialysis-related infections, whereas coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species are frequently considered part of the normal human microbiota. The aim of this study was to identify Staphylococcus in the nasal cavity, pericatheter skin and peritoneal effluent from PD patients, as well as to evaluate the antimicrobial activity evolution in vitro. Thirty-two chronic PD patients were observed during 12 months and had nasal and pericatheter skin samples collected for culture. When peritonitis was detected, samples were also collected from the peritoneal effluent for culture. The activity of several antimicrobial drugs (penicillin G, oxacillin, cephalothin, ofloxacin, netilmicin and vancomycin) against different Staphylococcus species was measured by using the agar drug diffusion assay (Kirby-Bauer method). Staphylococcus was separated into S. aureus, S. epidermidis and other CNS species in order to determine the in vitro resistance level. S. epidermidis resistance to oxacillin progressively increased during the study period (p < 0.05). Resistance to ofloxacin was inexpressive, whereas resistance to netilmicin and vancomycin was not detected. of the oxacillin-resistant species (n = 74), 83% were S. epidermidis, 13% other CNS and 4% S. aureus (p < 0.05). Regarding multidrug resistant strains (n = 45), 82% were S. epidermidis, 13% other CNS, and 5% S. aureus (p < 0.05). This study shows the relevance of resistance to oxacillin and CNS multi-drug resistance, particularly concerning S. epidermidis, in PD patients.

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Milk is considered a nutritious food because it contains several important nutrients including proteins and vitamins. Conversely, it can be a vehicle for several pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to analyze the frequency of genes encoding the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, SEH, SEI and SEJ in S. aureus strains isolated from raw or pasteurized bovine milk. S. aureus was found in 38 (70.4%) out of 54 raw milk samples at concentrations of up to 8.9 X 10(5) CFU/ml. This microorganism was present in eight samples of pasteurized milk before the expiration date and in 11 samples analyzed on the expiration date. of the 57 strains studied, 68.4% were positive for one or more genes encoding the enterotoxins, and 12 different genotypes were identified. The gene coding for enterotoxin A, sea, was the most frequent ( 16 strains, 41%), followed by sec (8 strains, 20.5%), sed (5 strains, 12.8%). seb (3 strains. 7.7%) and see (2 strains, 5.1%). Among the genes encoding the other enterotoxins, seg was the most frequently observed (11 strains. 28.2%), followed by sei (10 strains) and seh and sej (3 strains each). With the recent identification of new SEs, the perceived frequency of enterotoxigenic strains has increased. suggesting that the pathogenic potential of staphylococci may be higher than previously thoughts however, further studies are required to assess the expression of these new SEs by S. aureus. and their impact in foodborne disease. The quality of Brazilian milk is still low. and efforts from the government and the entire productive chain are required to attain consumer safety. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Estudos com plantas e utilização em terapias combinatórias têm sido estimulados. Verificou-se as possíveis interações entre óleos essenciais de plantas [canela (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume Lauraceae), capim-cidreira (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Poaceae), hortelã-pimenta (Mentha piperita L. Lamiaceae), gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe Zingiberaceae), cravo-da-índia (Caryophillus aromaticus L. Myrtaceae) e alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L. Lamiaceae)] combinados a oito drogas antimicrobianas frente a doze linhagens de Staphylococcus aureus e doze de Escherichia coli isoladas de humanos. Após determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) para os óleos pelo método da diluição foram realizados ensaios para verificação de sinergismo entre os óleos essenciais e os antimicrobianos pela metodologia de Kirby & Bauer. S. aureus foi mais suscetível às interações óleos e drogas, tendo o óleo de capim cidreira apresentado sinergismo com as oito drogas testadas, seguido pelo óleo de hortelã com sete drogas. Nos ensaios com E. coli, houve sinergismo apenas para os óleos de alecrim (três drogas) e capim-cidreira (duas drogas). Não ocorreram casos de antagonismo e os resultados de sinergismo foram influenciados pelos microrganismos estudados.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The shikimate pathway is an attractive target for herbicides and antimicrobial agent development because it is essential in algae, higher plants, bacteria, and fungi, but absent from mammals. Homologues to enzymes in the shikimate pathway have been identified in the genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among them, the EPSP synthase was proposed to be present by sequence homology. Accordingly, in order to pave the way for structural and functional efforts towards anti-mycobacterial agent development, here we describe the molecular modeling of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase isolated from M. tuberculosis that should provide a structural framework on which the design of specific inhibitors may be based on. Significant differences in the relative orientation of the domains in the two models result in open and closed conformations. The possible relevance of this structural transition in the ligand biding is discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The parasite Schistosoma mansoni lacks the de novo pathway for purine biosynthesis and depends on salvage pathways for its purine requirements. Schistosomiasis is endemic in 76 countries and territories and amongst the parasitic diseases ranks second after malaria in terms of social and economic impact and public health importance. The PNP is an attractive target for drug design and it has been submitted to extensive structure-based design. The atomic coordinates of the complex of human PNP with inosine were used as template for starting the modeling of PNP from S. mansoni complexed with inosine. Here we describe the model for the complex SmPNP-inosine and correlate the structure with differences in the affinity for inosine presented by human and S. mansoni PNPs. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)