In vitro differentiation of murine hematopoietic progenitor cells toward the myeloid lineage occurs in response to Staphylococcus aureus and yeast species

We have studied the effect of inactivated microbial stimuli (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Saccharomyces boulardii, and Staphylococcus aureus) on the in vitro differentiation of lineage negative (Lin−) hematopoietic progenitor mouse cells. Purified Lin− progenitors were co-cultured for 7 days with the stimuli, and cell differentiation was determined by flow cytometry analysis. All the stimuli assayed caused differentiation toward the myeloid lineage. S. boulardii and particularly C. glabrata were the stimuli that induced in a minor extent differentiation of Lin− cells, as the major population of differentiated cells corresponded to monocytes, whereas C. albicans and S. aureus induced differentiation beyond monocytes: to monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages, respectively. Interestingly, signaling through TLR2 by its pure ligand Pam3CSK4 directed differentiation of Lin− cells almost exclusively to macrophages. These data support the notion that hematopoiesis can be modulated in response to microbial stimuli in a pathogen-dependent manner, being determined by the pathogen-associated molecular patterns and the pattern-recognition receptors involved, in order to generate the populations of mature cells required to deal with the pathogen.

Colonização nasal por Staphylococcus aureus em estudantes universitários: um problema?

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Mariani Sancti Barolitani ... De lapide renum curiosum opusculum nuperrime in lucem aeditum ; eiusdem De lapide vesicae per incisionem extrahendo sequitur aureus libellus.

Mode of access: Internet.

Domi. Rofre. Beneuen[tani[] Solennis atq[ue] aureus Tractatus libelloru[m] D. Rofredi Beneue[n]tani : sup[er] vtraq[ue] censura, cu[m] suis fructuosissimis questionib[us] et ceteris decisionib[us] exquisitissimis : o[mn]ibus Cesarei atq[ue] Pontificij iuris p[ro]fessorib[us] summe necessari[us] : ac me[n]dis et errorib[us] (q[ui]b[us] scatebat) dilige[n]ter abstersis eme[n]datior reddit[us] : additis denuo aptissimis summarijs ante vnu[m]que[m]q[ue] titulum ... : necno[n] rubricaru[m] tabula operi prefixa : cui nuperrime accessit ... amplissimu[m] repertoriu[m] per elementoru[m] alphabeti seriem digestu[m] nunq[ua]m hacten[us] excusum ...

Baudrier.

Clariss. ... Petri De Abano De Venenis eorumq[ue] remedijs. Item consilivm de praeservatione a venenis D. Guilielmi Gratoroli. Item generosi Hermanni Anvenare comitis ... Item curatio sudoris anglici in Germania experta. Item Ioachimi Schilleri De peste britanica commentariolus aureus ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Dererum inuentoribus aureus libellus que[m] Ioannes Matthaeus Lune[n]sis cudebat ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Libellus aureus de vera deo : apte inseruendi methodo /

CCBE S. XVI,

De oculo morali aureus libellus /

Mode of access: Internet.

Decisio theologorum super usurarios contractus, nuper Romae facta. Vna cum casibus ex communicationis, nunc in vnum summatim collectis. Cathechismusque aureus diui Thomae, et admonitiones principales confessorum, in hoc opusculo continentur.

Mode of access: Internet.

De Haereticis D. Zanchini Vgolini ... tractatus aureus /

CCPB,

De oculo morali aureus libellus /

Mode of access: Internet.

Tractatus vere aureus de aduocato, et causidico christiano : in duas partes diuisus ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Aureus; or, The life and opinions of a sovereign,

Chapter I precedes the Preface.

Liber aureus : de phrasibus Ebraeis /

Mode of access: Internet.

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: Worldwide emergence

Infections caused by community-acquired (CA)-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been reported worldwide. We assessed whether any common genetic markers existed among 117 CA-MRSA isolates from the United States, France, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, and Western Samoa by performing polymerase chain reaction for 24 virulence factors and the methicillin-resistance determinant. The genetic background of the strain was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The CA-MRSA strains shared a type IV SCCmec cassette and the Panton-Valentine leukocidin locus, whereas the distribution of the other toxin genes was quite specific to the strains from each continent. PFGE and MLST analysis indicated distinct genetic backgrounds associated with each geographic origin, although predominantly restricted to the agr3 background. Within each continent, the genetic background of CA-MRSA strains did not correspond to that of the hospital-acquired MRSA.