Depression Hos Tonåringar : Möjligheter för tidig upptäckt och behandling av tonåringar med depressioner

Denna litteraturstudie syftar till att undersöka hur tonåringar med depressioner tidigt kan upptäckas och få hjälp och vilken roll sjuksköterskan har i detta samt vad tonåringar själva tycker är viktigt i mötet med vården. Till resultatdelen har 17 vetenskapliga artiklar valts ut efter litteratursökning ifrån databaserna Cinahl, Elin och Pubmed. Depressioner hos tonåringar är ett allvarligt problem som innebär ett stort lidande och som i värsta fall kan leda till självmord. Förekomsten av depressioner hos tonåringar ökar och detta ställer allt högre krav på både skolhälsovård och primärvård. Resultatet visade att tonåringar i allmänhet hellre söker sig till skolhälsovården och ungdomsmottagningar än till primärvården och specialister. Genom att finnas nära tonåringarna har skolsköterskan och ungdomsmottagningar unika möjligheter att kunna upptäcka och hjälpa tonåringar som har depressioner eller nedstämdhet. För att öka möjligheterna till tidig upptäckt och behandling av tonåringar med depressioner är det viktigt att satsa resurser på skolhälsovård och ungdomsmottagningar. Det bör också spridas mer kunskap om systematisk screening som har visat sig vara ett värdefullt verktyg för att upptäcka depressioner.

Risk of recurrent stroke and death after first stroke in long-distance ski race participants

Background: Physical activity is of benefit for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, but it appears to increase the risk for atrial fibrillation. We aimed to study a cohort of patients following a first stroke in individuals with previous high physical activity, compare them to the general population with respect to recurrent stroke and death, and relate these to atrial fibrillation. Methods and results: From the participants of the Vasaloppet, the world's largest ski-race, and matched individuals from the general population (n=708 604), we identified 5964 patients hospitalized with a first-time stroke between 1994 and 2010. Individuals with severe diseases were excluded. One half percent of skiers and 1% of nonskiers were hospitalized due to stroke. The incidence rate was 8.3 per 100 person-years among skiers and 11.1 among nonskiers. The hazard ratio (HR) for recurrent stroke or death between the 2 groups was 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.86). The result was consistent in subgroups. The HR for death was 0.66 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.78) and for recurrent stroke 0.82 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.96). After adjustment for smoking and socioeconomic factors, the HR for death was consistent at 0.70 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.87) while the HR for recurrent stroke was not statistically significant. Outcomes for skiers with atrial fibrillation tended to show a lower risk than for nonskiers. Conclusions: This large cohort study supports the hypothesis that patients with a stroke and with prior regular physical activity have a lower risk of death, while their risk for recurrent stroke is similar to that of nonskiers. The skiers had a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation, but still no increased risk of recurring stroke.

A Pollen Chase Experiment; Examining Varying Levels of Embryonic Inbreeding Depression

A pollen chase experiment was performed upon three Costa Rican populations of Witheringia solanacea to examine the breakdown of genetically enforced self incompatibility (SI) and the extent of embryonic inbreeding depression. Self-pollen was applied in the bud, with outcross pollen applied one day later, and outcross pollinations at both intervals as a control. A variety of responses were found among the populations. BOHS readily accepted self pollen and suffered from very low inbreeding depression. Monteverde and Las Cruces both have lower fruit set with self-pollination precedence indicating that bud pollinations can overcome the self-incompatibility response and that embryonic death due to inbreeding depression causes fruit failure. The treatment:control fruit set is higher for the Las Cruces plants indicating stronger SI response Self-precedence seeds from the Las Cruces plants are likely to be outcrossed. Self-precedence seeds from Monteverde are likely selfed.