Determination of chemical elements in africanized Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) honey samples from the State of Piauí, Brazil

Honey is a food used since the most remote times, appreciated for its characteristic flavor, considerable nutritional value and medicinal properties; however, little information exists about the presence of chemical elements in it. The objectives of this work were to determine the chemical elements present in 38 honey samples, collected directly from beekeepers from the State of Piauí, Brazil and to verify whether they presented any contamination. The chemical elements were determined by means of Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence. The means of three replicates were: K (109.671 ± 17.487), Ca (14.471 ± 3.8797), Ti (0.112 ± 0.07), Cr (0.196 ± 0.11), Mn (0.493 ± 0.103), Fe (1.722 ± 0.446), Co (0.038), Ni (0.728 ± 0.706), Cu (0.179 ± 0.0471), Zn (0.967 ± 0.653), Se (not detected), Br (not detected), Rb (0.371 ± 0.097), Sr (0.145 ± 0.45), Ba (11.681), Hg (not detected), and Pb (0.863) µg g-1.

ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA DAS CONCENTRAÇÕES DOS METAIS NA, CA, MG, SR E FE EM EXTRATO AQUOSO DE PETRÓLEO, DETERMINADOS POR ICP OES, APÓS OTIMIZAÇÃO EMPREGANDO PLANEJAMENTO DE EXPERIMENTOS

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the best operating conditions of ICP OES for the determination of Na, Ca, Mg, Sr and Fe in aqueous extract of crude oil obtained after hot extraction with organic solvents (ASTM D 6470-99 modified). Thus, the full factorial design and central composite design were used to optimize the best conditions for the flow of nebulization gas, the flow of auxiliary gas, and radio frequency power. After optimization of variables, a study to obtain correct classification of the 18 samples of aqueous extract of crude oils (E1 to E18) from three production and refining fields was carried out. Exploratory analysis of these extracts was performed by principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), using the original variables as the concentration of the metals Na, Ca, Mg, Sr and Fe determined by ICP OES.

Partie orientale de la Lapponie suèdoise. Tirée de celles d’Andr Burae(us) et de Isaac Massa. Par le Sr. Sanson geogr’ ord:re du roy

1 kartta : vär. ; 43,8 x 54,8 cm, lehti 46 x 56,7 cm.

Partie septentrionale de la Russie Européenne òu sont distinguées éxactement toutes les Provinces, d’aprés le détail de l’Atlas Russien. Par le Sr. Robert de Vaugondy fils. géog. ordin? du roi

Venäjän Euroopan puoleisen pohjoisosan kartta, jossa Suomen alue näkyy Venäjän luoteisena naapurina. - 1 kartta : vär. ; 47,8 x 58,5 cm, lehti 50,5 x 62,7 cm. - Mittakaava [N. 1: 3350000]. - Myös teoksessa: Atlas Universel, Par M. Robert Geographe ordinaire du Roy, et Par M. Robert De Vaugondy son fils Geographe ord. du Roy, et de S. M. Polonoise, Duc de Lorraine et de Bar, et Associe de L’Academie Royale des Sciences et belles Lettres de Nancy ... 1757. A Paris, Chez Les Auteurs ... Boudet Libraire Imprimeur du Roi

Investigation of the two-photon induced fluorescence in Rb vapour excited by Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser pulses

In this work we report the observation of the blue visible fluorescence at 420 nm in rubidium vapour as a result of two-photon absorption excited by femtosecond laser pulses 790 nm. After experimental investigation of the spa-tial and spectral characteristics of the obtained emission we can claim that mechanism of this coherent fluorescence at 420 nm was not caused by ampli-fied spontaneous emission, but represents the nondegenerate four-wave mixing. As a probable outcome of this investigation an opportunity of creation an ultrafast all-optical switcher might appear.

Element speciation and behaviour in metal-rich Boreal river and estuarine systems using ultrafiltration and chemical modelling

The bioavailability of metals and their potential for environmental pollution depends not simply on total concentrations, but is to a great extent determined by their chemical form. Consequently, knowledge of aqueous metal species is essential in investigating potential metal toxicity and mobility. The overall aim of this thesis is, thus, to determine the species of major and trace elements and the size distribution among the different forms (e.g. ions, molecules and mineral particles) in selected metal-enriched Boreal river and estuarine systems by utilising filtration techniques and geochemical modelling. On the basis of the spatial physicochemical patterns found, the fractionation and complexation processes of elements (mainly related to input of humic matter and pH-change) were examined. Dissolved (<1 kDa), colloidal (1 kDa-0.45 μm) and particulate (>0.45 μm) size fractions of sulfate, organic carbon (OC) and 44 metals/metalloids were investigated in the extremely acidic Vörå River system and its estuary in W Finland, and in four river systems in SW Finland (Sirppujoki, Laajoki, Mynäjoki and Paimionjoki), largely affected by soil erosion and acid sulfate (AS) soils. In addition, geochemical modelling was used to predict the formation of free ions and complexes in these investigated waters. One of the most important findings of this study is that the very large amounts of metals known to be released from AS soils (including Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Si, U and the lanthanoids) occur and can prevail mainly in toxic forms throughout acidic river systems; as free ions and/or sulfate-complexes. This has serious effects on the biota and especially dissolved Al is expected to have acute effects on fish and other organisms, but also other potentially toxic dissolved elements (e.g. Cd, Cu, Mn and Ni) can have fatal effects on the biota in these environments. In upstream areas that are generally relatively forested (higher pH and contents of OC) fewer bioavailable elements (including Al, Cu, Ni and U) may be found due to complexation with the more abundantly occurring colloidal OC. In the rivers in SW Finland total metal concentrations were relatively high, but most of the elements occurred largely in a colloidal or particulate form and even elements expected to be very soluble (Ca, K, Mg, Na and Sr) occurred to a large extent in colloidal form. According to geochemical modelling, these patterns may only to a limited extent be explained by in-stream metal complexation/adsorption. Instead there were strong indications that the high metal concentrations and dominant solid fractions were largely caused by erosion of metal bearing phyllosilicates. A strong influence of AS soils, known to exist in the catchment, could be clearly distinguished in the Sirppujoki River as it had very high concentrations of a metal sequence typical of AS soils in a dissolved form (Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Co, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Rb and Sr). In the Paimionjoki River, metal concentrations (including Ba, Cs, Fe, Hf, Pb, Rb, Si, Th, Ti, Tl and V; not typical of AS soils in the area) were high, but it was found that the main cause of this was erosion of metal bearing phyllosilicates and thus these metals occurred dominantly in less toxic colloidal and particulate fractions. In the two nearby rivers (Laajoki and Mynäjoki) there was influence of AS soils, but it was largely masked by eroded phyllosilicates. Consequently, rivers draining clay plains sensitive to erosion, like those in SW Finland, have generally high background metal concentrations due to erosion. Thus, relying on only semi-dissolved (<0.45 μm) concentrations obtained in routine monitoring, or geochemical modelling based on such data, can lead to a great overestimation of the water toxicity in this environment. The potentially toxic elements that are of concern in AS soil areas will ultimately be precipitated in the recipient estuary or sea, where the acidic metalrich river water will gradually be diluted/neutralised with brackish seawater. Along such a rising pH gradient Al, Cu and U will precipitate first together with organic matter closest to the river mouth. Manganese is relatively persistent in solution and, thus, precipitates further down the estuary as Mn oxides together with elements such as Ba, Cd, Co, Cu and Ni. Iron oxides, on the contrary, are not important scavengers of metals in the estuary, they are predicted to be associated only with As and PO4.

L'art poëtique du Sr Colletet : où il est traitté de l'épigramme, du sonnet, du poème bucolique... ; (avec un) Discours de l'éloquence et de l'imitation des Anciens ; (un autre) Discours contre la traduction ; (et la) Nouvelle morale ([Reprod.]) / du mesme autheur

Collection : Archives de la linguistique française ; 86

Seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência da cultura da cana-de-açúcar (RB 867515) tratada com nematicidas

A aplicação simultânea de duas ou mais classes de defensivos sobre uma cultura agrícola pode provocar toxicidade às plantas. Assim, conduziu-se um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas à cultura da cana-de-açúcar (RB 867515), quando aplicados em condição de pré-emergência, em áreas previamente tratadas com nematicidas no sulco de plantio. O experimento foi desenvolvido em área comercial de produção de cana-de-açúcar, no município de Piracicaba - SP, entre abril de 2003 e julho de 2004. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação entre nove fatores herbicidas e quatro fatores nematicidas. Os herbicidas usados no experimento foram: sulfentrazone, tebuthiuron, metribuzin, ametrina, diuron, clomazone, pendimethalin e diuron + hexazinone, além de uma testemunha capinada. Os nematicidas utilizados foram: carbofuran, terbufós, aldicarb e uma testemunha sem nematicida. Avaliou-se a fitotoxicidade das diferentes combinações aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após a brotação, o rendimento (t ha-1) e os parâmetros tecnológicos qualitativos. Observou-se que a seletividade inicial dos herbicidas foi prejudicada em função da interação das diferentes classes de defensivos utilizadas. Os sintomas de fitotoxicidade foram agudos, e os casos mais evidentes se originaram da associação dos nematicidas com clomazone, pendimethalin e tebuthiuron. Contudo, os danos fitotóxicos não se refletiram em perdas significativas de rendimento ou de qualidade de colmos, fato esse que pode ter sido influenciado pela capacidade de recuperação de injúrias apresentada pela variedade RB 867515, pela ocorrência de altas infestações de nematóides ou pela elevada variabilidade experimental.

Características técnicas de pontas de pulverização LA-1JC e SR-1

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar as características técnicas das pontas de pulverização tipo espuma LA-1JC e SR-1, sob diferentes pressões de trabalho e altura de barra de pulverização. Avaliaram-se, nas pressões de 100, 200 e 300 kPa, o perfil de distribuição de cada ponta, o coeficiente de variação da distribuição volumétrica, a vazão, o diâmetro da mediana volumétrica (DMV), o diâmetro da mediana numérica (DMN), o coeficiente de homogeneidade (CH), o índice de simetria das pontas e os ângulos de abertura esquerdo, direito e total. A ponta LA-1JC, em todas as pressões, e a ponta SR-1, na pressão de 100 kPa, apresentaram perfil de distribuição contínuo. Nas pressões de 200 e 300 kPa a ponta SR-1 apresentou perfil de distribuição descontínuo. Ambas as pontas apresentaram melhor perfil de distribuição com menor espaçamento entre pontas, maior pressão e maior altura da barra. Houve aumento na abertura do ângulo e vazão com incremento na pressão em ambas as pontas. O espectro de gotas obtido é adequado para aplicação de herbicidas sistêmicos em pós-emergência e para herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência. As pontas LA-1JC, na pressão de 100 kPa, e SR-1, em todas as pressões, não devem ser utilizadas com sobreposição de jatos.

Vasorelaxant effects of the potassium channel opener SR 47063 on the isolated human saphenous vein and rat aorta

The vasorelaxant effects of SR 47063 (4-(2-cyanimino-1,2-dihydropyrid-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-6-nitrochromene), a new K+-channel opener structurally related to levcromakalim, were examined in isolated human saphenous vein (HSV) and rat aorta (RA). HSV or RA rings were precontracted with either KCl or noradrenaline and cumulative relaxant concentration-response curves were obtained for SR 47063 (0.1 nM to 1 µM) in the presence or absence of 3 µM glibenclamide. SR 47063 potently relaxed HSV and RA precontracted with 20 mM (but not 60 mM) KCl or 10 µM noradrenaline in a concentration-dependent manner, showing slightly greater activity in the aorta. The potency of the effect of SR 47063 on HSV and RA was 12- and 58-fold greater, respectively, than that reported for the structurally related K+-channel opener levcromakalim. The vasorelaxant action of SR 47063 in both blood vessels was strongly inhibited by 3 µM glibenclamide, consistent with a mechanism of action involving ATP-dependent K+-channels.

Schulprogramm zum Geburtsfeste Sr. Kaiserlichen Majestät Alexander I. im Namen und mit Bewilligung der Schulcommission geschrieben von D. Georg Friedrich Pöschmann, Mitgliede derselben. Dorpat, den 12. December 1806

Julkaisuaika ja painopaikka Ester-tietokannasta.

Schulprogramm zum Geburtsfeste Sr. Kaiserlichen Majestät Alexander I. im Namen und mit Bewilligung der Schulcommission geschrieben von D. Georg Friedrich Pöschmann, Mitgliede derselben. Dorpat, den 12. December 1806

Julkaisuaika ja painopaikka Ester-tietokannasta.

D-luokan audiovahvistimen särö ja kohina

Tämän kandidaatintyön aiheena on D-luokan audiovahvistimen särö ja kohina. Tarkoituksena on selvittää vahvistinluokan merkittävin särö- ja kohinamekanismi, sekä arvioida, voidaanko häiriöitä vähentää lähdön suodattimella. Tutkimusmenetelminä on kirjallisuus ja simulointi. Aineistona on käytetty IEEE:ssä julkaistuja tieteelisiä artikkeleita, eri valmistajien laatimia ohjeita, sekä aihetta käsitteleviä kirjoja. Keskeisimmät tulokset olivat, että merkittävin särömekanismi on transistoreiden suoja-ajan aiheuttama vääristymä, sekä että merkittävin kohina syntyy modulaatiossa käytetystä kantoaallosta. Kantoaallon näkyvyyteen kuormassa voidaan vaikuttaa ulostulon alipäästösuodattimella. Suoja-ajan aiheuttama harmoninen kokonaissärö asettuu musiikin kaistanleveydelle, joten sitä ei voida poistaa suodattamalla.