Madison, Wisconsin, 1893 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Madison, Wisconsin : A.A.A.S. XLII meeting, August 17-24, 1893, compliments of the Local Committee. It was published by Tracy, Gibbs & Co., printer in 1893. Scale [ca. 1:20,000]. Covers a portion of Madison, Wisconsin. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Wisconsin South State Plane NAD 1983 coordinate system (in Feet) (Fipszone 4803). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, street railroads, and stations, drainage, selected buildings, city ward boundaries, and more. Includes list of additions and corrections and inset: [Madison Region]. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1882 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the city of Milwaukee : engraved from original drawings & surveys, Milwaukee Lith & Eng. Co. It was published by Silas Chapman in 1882. Scale [ca. 1:17,000]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Wisconsin South State Plane NAD 1983 coordinate system (in Feet) (Fipszone 4803). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, street railways, railroads and stations, drainage, selected buildings, city ward boundaries, and more. Relief is shown by contours and hachures. Includes index. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, 1858 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the county of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from surveys under the direction of H.F. Walling ; engraved, printed, colored & mounted at H.F. Wallings Map Establishment. It was published by M.H. Tyler in 1858. Scale [1:31,680]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Wisconsin South State Plane NAD 1983 coordinate system (in Feet) (Fipszone 4803). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This cadastral map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, city wards, selected buildings, property lots, and names of landowners, and more. Includes insets: City of Milwaukee -- Humboldt (Milwaukee) -- Franklin -- Oak Creek -- Wauwatosa. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Kansas City, Missouri, 1884 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Wright's map of Kansas City, compiled and drawn by Carl Gothe de Grote ; engraved by H.R. Page & Co. It was published by H.T. Wright in 1884. Scale [ca. 1:10,000]. Covers portions of Kansas City, Missouri, and Kansas City, Kansas. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Missouri West State Plane Coordinate System NAD83 (in Feet) (Fipszone 2403). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This is a partial cadastral map showing features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, selected public buildings, schools, churches, and industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), names of property owners, and more. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Portland, Oregon, 1901 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Portland, Oregon. It was published by C.H. Crocker Co. Lith. in 1901. Scale [ca. 1:22,000]. Covers portions of Portland and Beaverton, Oregon. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Oregon North State Plane NAD 1983 (in Feet) (Fipszone 3601). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, selected buildings, property lots and numbers, city and ward boundaries, parks and cemeteries, and more. Depths shown by soundings. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Portland, Oregon, 1921 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Industrial map, Portland, Oregon : showing location of port facilities and principal industries with rail connections, compiled and distributed by the Commission of Public Docks. It was published by The Commission of Public Docks in 1921. Scale [ca. 1:21,000]. Covers also a portion of Vancouver, Washington. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Oregon North State Plane NAD 1983 (in Feet) (Fipszone 3601). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, selected buildings, Commission of Public Docks properties, private shipyards and dry docks, lumber mills, railroads and street car lines, as well as shipyards and railways of Vancouver, Washington. Includes index and inset: Key map, Portland to the sea, showing ship channel, Columbia & Willamette Rivers. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Missouri, 1904 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Ground plan of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition St. Louis, MO 1904. It was published by Buxton & Skinner Stationery Co. Scale [1:7,500]. Covers the exposition grounds and buildings of the Saint Louis World's Fair, currently the Forest Park and Washington University area, St. Louis, Missouri. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the the Missouri East State Plane Coordinate System NAD83 (in Feet) (Fipszone 2401). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, cable and electric car lines, drainage, lagoons and ponds, buildings, ground cover, paths, and more. Includes index. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Lago Titicaca Region, Peru and Bolivia, 1893 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Lago Titicaca : plano formado sobre los trabajos de Pentland, Raimondi, Agassiz, etc. : para la conferencia que en la noche del 21 de Diciembre del ano de 1891, dio en el l'oeal de la Sociedad Geografica, el Dr. Dn. Ignacio La Puenta sobre el estudio monografico del Lago, bajo su aspecto fisico e historico, por Rafael E. Baluarte, cartografo de la Sociedad Geografica de Lima, Colaborador y dibujante del Mapa oficial del Peru del Profesor Sor A. Raimondi. It was published by Sociedad Geografica de Lima in 1893. Scale 1:500,000. Map in Spanish. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'Mercator' projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, railroads, and more. Relief is shown by hachures and spot heights. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Beijing, China, 1900 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Pékin. It was published by A. Nachbaur in 1900. Scale 1:25,000. Covers Beijing, China. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 50N, meters, WGS 1984) projected. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map.This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, selected buildings, temples, pagodas, mosques, missions, French official buildings, state buildings, tourist locations, ground cover, parks, and more.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Salem, Massachusetts, 1851 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the city of Salem, Mass. from an actual survey by H. Mc.Intyre, Cl. engr. ; H.E.B. Taylor, assistant. It was published by Henry Mc.Intyre in 1851. Scale [ca. 1:3,048].The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, public buildings, schools, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town boundaries, cemeteries, wharves and docks, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes also 7 views of town buildings and residences.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Newton, Massachusetts, 1855 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the town of Newton, Middlesex County, Mass., surveyed by order of the town by H.F. Walling, Sup. of the state map; assistant engineers F.S. Belden, N. Smith, Jr. It was published by Lith of Sarony & Co. in 1855. Scale [1:12,900]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, public buildings, schools, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, etc.), selected private buildings with names of property owners, town boundaries, cemeteries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes insets: West Newton -- Newton Corner.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

The future of human rights protection in the new Libya: prospects and challenges. Jean Monnet Occasional Paper No. 6/2014

There is no doubt that demand for the respect of human rights was one of the factors behind the Arab Spring and Libya is no exception. Four decades of absolute dictatorship headed by Muammar Gaddafi had been further tainted with gross violations of human rights of Libyan citizens and restrictions on their basic freedoms. Before the revolution, Libya was a country where no political parties were allowed. Freedom of expression and the press were extremely restricted. Reports about the country’s human rights violations published by a number of international organizations documented large scale human rights abuses at the hands of the Gaddafi regime. The 17 February 2011 revolution in Libya led to a turning point in the country’s history. The regime of Muammar Gaddafi which had dominated the country since 1969 eventually collapsed, leading to the beginning of the painful task of reconciliation and state building. Nonetheless it is estimated that more than 7000 prisoners are held captive by various militias and armed groups without due process. This in addition to thousands of internally displaced persons. State building involves the consolidation of a democratic state based on a democratic constitution. In 2011, a constitutional declaration was adopted to replace the one that had been in effect since 1969. This was intended as a stop-gap solution to allow the new political forces unleashed in the country time to write a new democratic constitution. To help consolidate the democratic state, three elements are required: that human rights be placed at its core; that these rights are truly implemented and applied; and lastly that the independence of the judiciary is safeguarded. For all this to happen it is also essential to strengthen education on human rights by encouraging non-governmental organizations to take a stronger role in promoting human rights. Libyan citizens can only avail themselves of these rights and strengthen their implementation if they know what they are and how they can benefit from their implementation

The Re-emergence of Russia and its Collision Course with Europe. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol. 14 No. 4, March 2014

From the Introduction. In order to understand the historical roots of the current geopolitical confrontation between the EU and Russia, we have to go back to the end of the Cold War and to the catastrophic decade that it was followed by in Russian history. The dissolution of the USSR imposed serious economic hardship for Russia and for all the ex-communist East-European states. Russia was the hardest hit amongst them, as the center of the USSR's economic system it suffered most from the dissolution of regional economic ties. This crisis was just deepened by the IMF's privatization and reform campaign, which imposed austerity measures and state-asset privatization as a “shock-therapy” answer to the country's economic problems. This policy package did nothing to save Russia from economic collapse (which eventually happened in 1998), the only thing it achieved was an even stronger social and economic crisis and the enrichment of the rent-seeking ex-communist top bureaucrats by state-assets, which were sold out under-priced through diverse channels of corruption

Who Is Influential and Why? The Determinants of Reputational Power

Power is one of the most fundamental concepts in political science, and it is a crucial aspect of decision-making structures. The distribution of power between political actors and coalitions of actors informs us about who is actually able to influence decision-making processes. It is thus no surprise that power is a centerpiece of our assessment of political decision-making in Switzerland. In line with the main argument of this book, Chapter 3 has uncovered important changes in decision-making structures, which resulted in a rebalancing of power between governing parties, interest groups and state executive actors. Conjecturing about the reasons that may account for these changes, we pointed to factors of an organizational and institutional nature. For example, we put forward the decline of pre-parliamentary procedures oriented towards corporatist intermediation as a possible explanation for the weakening of interest groups. More generally, in several chapters it has been suggested that there is a relationship between the institutional design of a decision-making process, the related importance of decision-making phases and an actor's participation in these phases on the one hand, and the power of actors (and coalitions of actors) on the other. In addition, the analyses carried out in Chapters 2 to 5 draw our attention to the differences in power structure across decision-making processes or types of processes.

Navigation and meteorological data during campaign TARA_20090926Z of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present dataset contains navigation and meteorological data measured during one campaign of the Tara Oceans Expedition. Latitude and Longitude were obtained from TSG data.