The Social Enterprise as an Alternative Work Option for Persons with Developmental Disabilities: A Case Study of Staff Perspectives at Common Ground Co-operative

Traditional employment options for persons with developmental disabilities are lacking. Employment options available for persons with developmental disabilities are reflective of the medical and social model perspectives of disability; with segregated and supported employment reinforcing the idea that persons with developmental disabilities are incapable and competitive employment missing the necessary accommodations for persons to be successful. This study examined social enterprises as an alternative employment option that can balance both medical and social model perspectives by accommodating for weaknesses or limitations and recognizing the strengths and capabilities of persons with developmental disabilities in the workplace. Moreover, this study is part of a broader case study which is examining the nature and impacts of a social enterprise, known as Common Ground Co-operative (CGC), which supports five social purpose businesses that are owned and operated by persons with developmental disabilities. This study is part of the Social Business and Marginalized Social Groups Community-University Research Alliance. To date, a case study has been written describing the nature and impacts of CGC and its related businesses from the perspectives of the Partners, board members, funders and staff (Owen, Readhead, Bishop, Hope & Campbell, in press & Readhead, 2012). The current study used a descriptive case study approach to provide a detailed account of the perceptions and opinions of CGC staff members who support each of the Partners in the five related businesses. Staff members were chosen for the focus of this study because of the integral role that they play in the successful outcomes of the persons they support. This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase five staff members were interviewed. During this stage of interviews, several themes were presented which needed to be examined in further detail, specifically staff stress and burnout and duty of care for business Partners versus the promotion of their autonomy. A second phase of interviews was then conducted with one individual participant and a focus group of seven. During both interview phases, Staff participants described an employment model that creates a non-judgemental environment for the business Partners that promotes their strengths, accommodates for their limitations, provides educational opportunities and places the responsibility for the businesses on the persons with developmental disabilities cultivating equality and promoting independence. Staff described the nature of their role including risk factors for stress, the protective factors that buffer stress, and the challenges associated with balancing many role demands. Issues related to the replication of this social enterprise model are described.

A Case Study of the "Who is NOBODY?" Project: A Character Development Program for Children with Learning Disabilities

This research study explored a support system for children with learning disabilities. The Learning Disabilities Association of Niagara Region (LDANR) recently expanded its Better Emotional and Social Times (B.E.S.T.) program to incorporate an innovative, character education initiative called the “Who is NOBODY?” program. The objective of this qualitative case study was two-fold. First, the study aimed to support the LDANR in assessing the efficacy of the “Who is NOBODY?” program, providing the LDANR with empirical support for their programs. Second, the study enabled a more in-depth understanding of how to best support children with LD in regards to their social and emotional well-being. The study explored the “Who is NOBODY?” program through three lenses: design, implementation, and experiences of participating children. Three primary themes emerged from these three data lenses: positive character traits, prosocial behaviour, and strong self-efficacy – leading to the promotion of strong character development and self-esteem. Taken together, the “Who is NOBODY?” program was shown to be a successful remediation program for supporting vulnerable children with LD.

Examining Predictors of Quality of Life of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities After Deinstitutionalization

This study examined if a person’s quality of life could be predicted by six relevant factors in a sample of 114 individuals with intellectual disability who had moved from institutional settings to community living settings within Ontario. Further, two aspects of self-efficacy were tested to see if they moderated the relationship between the possible predictors and the quality of life indicator. The initial multiple regression model accounted for a very small amount of the variance in the outcome (r2 = .08). The second analysis included decision-making as a predictor (r2 = .35) but did not find it to be moderator. The third analysis used opportunities for change as a predictor (r2 = .28), and as a moderator with two significant interaction terms, health and years in an institutional setting (r2 = .35). These findings support the often-theorized influence of self-efficacy on quality of life for individuals with intellectual disability.

Creating and Enabling a Sustainable Livelihood for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities: A Comparative Case Study of Ghana and Canada.

Abstract Despite the plethora of published studies on rights, including employment rights, for persons with intellectual disabilities (Hatton, 2002; Tarulli, et al., 2004; Ward & Stewart, 2008), relatively few have discussed their applicability to individuals with intellectual disabilities to facilitate their full involvement in socio-economic development. This study explored the mechanisms facilitating and inhibiting the full participation of persons with intellectual disabilities in the area of employment through a comparative case analysis of policies and practices in Ontario, Canada (a developed country) and in Ghana (a developing country) both of which are signatories to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). The study employed targeted recruitment based on the nature of the research which is a combination of policy and practice investigation.

Strategies and Techniques for Teaching Children with Learning Disabilities: A Case Study of the Spring Reading Program

This case study explored strategies and techniques in order to assist individuals with learning disabilities in their academic achievement. Of particular focus was how a literacy-based program, titled The Spring Reading Program, utilizes effective tactics and approaches that result in academic growth. The Spring Reading Program, offered by the Learning Disabilities Association of Niagara Region (LDANR) and partnered with John McNamara from Brock University, supports children with reading disabilities academically. In addition, the program helps children increase their confidence and motivation towards literacy. I began this study by outlining the importance of reading followed by and exploration of what educators and researchers have demonstrated regarding effective literacy instruction for children with learning disabilities. I studied effective strategies and techniques in the Spring Reading Program by conducting a qualitative case study of the program. This case study subsequently presents in depth, 4 specific strategies: Hands-on activities, motivation, engagement, and one-on-one instruction. Each strategy demonstrates its effectiveness through literature and examples from the Spring Reading Program.

Relation entre l’environnement familial et le comportement sexuel des adolescents au Burkina Faso

La thèse porte sur la relation entre l’environnement familial et le comportement sexuel des adolescents vivant dans un contexte de socialisation. L’environnement familial est mesuré par le type de famille de résidence, le type d’union du chef de ménage, la survie des parents, la cohabitation avec les grands-parents et le nombre de personnes de moins de 20 ans par adulte dans le ménage. Le comportement sexuel est opérationnalisé par l’entrée en sexualité prémaritale, l’utilisation du condom au premier rapport sexuel, le nombre de partenaires sexuels, le recours au partenaire sexuel occasionnel et l’utilisation systématique du condom au cours des douze derniers mois. Les données proviennent d’enquêtes transversales. Elles ont servi à établir des associations entre les indicateurs des deux concepts. Les résultats sont présentés dans trois articles (Chapitres III à V). Une analyse descriptive de l’environnement familial au Burkina Faso montre qu’une majorité des enfants de 0 à 14 ans (78,4% en 1993 et 77,6% en 2003) et des adolescents de 12 à 19 ans (61,1% en 2004) vit auprès des deux parents, en union monogame ou polygame. Cependant, certains enfants et adolescents résident avec les parents dans des ménages dirigés par d’autres personnes. Le décès des parents (7,7% en 1993 et 7,3% en 2003 pour les enfants; 16,5% en 2004 pour les adolescents), la pratique du confiage (10,4% en 1993 et 8,9% en 2003 pour les enfants; 26,9% en 2004 pour les adolescents) et la monoparentalité (11,2% en 1993 et 13,6% en 2003 pour les enfants; 12% en 2004 pour les adolescents) affectent amplement l’environnement familial. C’est dans l’adolescence que les individus sont plus nombreux à être privés de la présence des deux parents. Il existe une association statistique significative entre l’environnement familial et le comportement sexuel des adolescents du Burkina Faso. Cette relation varie en fonction de l’indicateur de comportement à l’étude et du sexe des adolescents ciblés. Par exemple, l’absence des deux parents dans le ménage n’est pas systématiquement associée au comportement sexuel à risque. S’agissant des indicateurs de comportement sexuel, l’âge au premier rapport sexuel est associé significativement aux autres indicateurs des garçons et des filles. Une entrée précoce en sexualité (avant 14 ans) est associée à une plus grande probabilité d’adoption de comportement sexuel à risque. Toutefois, elle est moins susceptible d’être associée au recours à plusieurs partenaires sexuels. Les résultats ont conduit à des recommandations pour les politiques et les programmes de santé sexuelle et reproductive. Au Burkina Faso, la priorité des futures actions devrait viser la sensibilisation des parents, des tuteurs et des adultes du ménage pour l’éducation, le soutien et le suivi de tous les adolescents, sans exception de sexe et de statut dans la sexualité. Les institutions extrafamiliales, comme l’école, devraient être mises à contribution pour appuyer l’effort des membres de la famille. Une stratégie combinée de promotion du report de l’entrée en sexualité et de l’éducation sexuelle pourrait être un moyen plus sûr et plus sécuritaire pour protéger la santé dans l’adolescence.

Les perceptions de personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux suite à une formation de gestion de comportements agressifs adaptée par et pour leurs membres de familles

Les écrits rapportent qu’entre 10% et 40% des personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux ont présenté des comportements agressifs depuis l’établissement du diagnostic, et qu’entre 50% et 65% de ces comportements sont perpétrés envers les membres de la famille (Estroff et al., 1998). Or, les aidants naturels se sentent fréquemment démunis devant le comportement impulsif et agressif de leur proche atteint d’un trouble de santé mentale (Bonin & Lavoie-Tremblay, 2010) et la majorité des proches aidants ne reçoivent pas de soutien professionnel (Doornbos, 2001). À cet effet, une équipe de chercheurs et d’organismes communautaires ont mis sur pied un projet de formation adaptée par et pour les familles relativement à la gestion des comportements agressifs de leur proche atteint d’un trouble de santé mentale s’appuyant sur l’approche OMEGA communautaire (Bonin et al., 2011). La présente recherche est inspirée du modèle de Fresan et ses collaborateurs (2007), qui inclut les familles et leur proche atteint dans la prévention de la rechute et le rétablissement de ce dernier. Cette étude avait donc pour but de décrire et analyser, par un devis mixte, les perceptions de l’agressivité, du fonctionnement familial ainsi que de l’observance au traitement médical de personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux, suite à une formation de gestion des comportements agressifs adaptée par et pour des membres de familles, et suivie par leur proche aidant. Des questionnaires auto-administrés ont été remis et complétés par 25 personnes atteintes et comprenaient trois instruments qui étaient : 1. un questionnaire sociodémographique; 2. le Basis-24 (Eisen, 2007) permettant d’évaluer la condition mentale de la personne atteinte; 3. l’Échelle de perception de l’agressivité permettant de mesurer la fréquence et le niveau des comportements agressifs (De Benedictis et al., 2011); et 4. l'Échelle du fonctionnement familial permettant de mesurer le fonctionnement familial (Epstein, Baldwin, & Bishop, 1983). Des questions supplémentaires au questionnaire portaient sur l’observance au traitement médical et sur les changements observés. Des analyses descriptives et corrélationnelles bivariées ont été réalisées pour analyser les données quantitatives. Par la suite, des entrevues individuelles ont été réalisées auprès de huit personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux dont le membre de famille avait suivi la formation de gestion des comportements agressifs. La méthode d’analyse classique de Miles et Huberman (2003) a été utilisée pour réaliser l’analyse des données. L’analyse des données a permis de dégager les perceptions des personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux au regard de la formation de gestion des comportements agressifs que leur membre de famille avait suivi. Ainsi, le programme de formation OMÉGA adaptée par et pour les familles permettrait d’une part de diminuer l’agressivité et, d’autre part, d’améliorer le climat familial. De plus, selon les personnes atteintes, leur membre de famille était plus à l’écoute et faisait moins preuve d’intrusion, ce qui diminuaient les conflits et favorisaient une meilleure dynamique familiale. Cette étude a mis en évidence qu’il est nécessaire d’impliquer les familles dans les programmes de prévention de la rechute de la maladie mentale dans les soins de première ligne. Cette étude contribue ainsi à l’amélioration des connaissances sur la dynamique famille-patient et sur le rétablissement des personnes atteintes de troubles mentaux. Aussi, cette recherche propose des recommandations pour la recherche, la pratique, la formation et la gestion en sciences infirmières.

Harmful or helpful : perceived solicitous and facilitative partner responses are differentially associated with pain and sexual satisfaction in women with provoked vestibulodynia.

Introduction.  Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a highly prevalent vulvovaginal pain condition that negatively affects women's emotional, sexual, and relationship well-being. Recent studies have investigated the role of interpersonal variables, including partner responses. Aim.  We examined whether solicitous and facilitative partner responses were differentially associated with vulvovaginal pain and sexual satisfaction in women with PVD by examining each predictor while controlling for the other. Methods.  One hundred twenty-one women (M age = 30.60, SD = 10.53) with PVD or self-reported symptoms of PVD completed the solicitous subscale of the spouse response scale of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory, and the facilitative subscale of the Spouse Response Inventory. Participants also completed measures of pain, sexual function, sexual satisfaction, trait anxiety, and avoidance of pain and sexual behaviors (referred to as “avoidance”). Main Outcome Measures.  Dependent measures were the (i) Pain Rating Index of the McGill Pain Questionnaire with reference to pain during vaginal intercourse and (ii) Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction Scale. Results.  Controlling for trait anxiety and avoidance, higher solicitous partner responses were associated with higher vulvovaginal pain intensity (β = 0.20, P = 0.03), and higher facilitative partner responses were associated with lower pain intensity (β = −0.20, P = 0.04). Controlling for sexual function, trait anxiety, and avoidance, higher facilitative partner responses were associated with higher sexual satisfaction (β = 0.15, P = 0.05). Conclusions.  Findings suggest that facilitative partner responses may aid in alleviating vulvovaginal pain and improving sexual satisfaction, whereas solicitous partner responses may contribute to greater pain.

Sexual behavior in Spanish adolescents of divorced parents

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Evaluating Greek primary school textbooks used to teach students with learning disabilities

Evaluaci??n de los libros de texto de Educaci??n Primaria griegos utilizados en la ense??anza de los estudiantes con dificultades de aprendizaje. La evaluaci??n de los libros de texto en cuanto a su cumplimiento de las normas basadas en la evidencia de dise??o instruccional, y en cuanto a su idoneidad para acomodar las diversas necesidades educativas de los diversos grupos de la poblaci??n escolar, se considera un medio importante de mejorar la calidad de los servicios educativos incluyendo a estudiantes con discapacidades de aprendizaje. En el presente trabajo, se explican los resultados de las evaluaciones de los libros de texto de Lengua y Matem??ticas que se utilizan en los tres primeros grados de la escuela griega primaria para ense??ar a los estudiantes con y sin dificultades de aprendizaje. La evaluaci??n se bas?? en los siguientes criterios: claridad de objetivos de instrucci??n, el examen de conocimientos previos, explicitaci??n de las explicaciones de instrucci??n, la suficiencia de los ejemplos de ense??anza, la introducci??n de conceptos adicionales y capacidades, la adecuaci??n de la pr??ctica guiada, la eficacia de la pr??ctica independiente, y la adecuaci??n de los conocimientos. Seg??n los resultados, los libros de texto no cumplen en cuatro de los ocho criterios revisados, en concreto los criterios de la claridad de los objetivos de instrucci??n, la explicitud de las explicaciones de instrucci??n, la introducci??n de conceptos adicionales y habilidades, y la conveniencia de revisar los conocimientos. Bas??ndose en estos resultados, el punto de vista puede considerarse que los libros de texto evaluados presentan considerables deficiencias e insuficiencias, lo que exige la aplicaci??n de modificaciones sustanciales en varios par??metros de dise??o de la instrucci??n cuando se utilizan para ense??ar a los estudiantes con dificultades de aprendizaje. Se discuten los efectos de estas deficiencias.

The biofeedback use in motor learning of people with spinal cord injury

The use of biofeedback in the spinal cord injuryperson rehabilitation has been increasing eventhough there are no data about the effi cacy of suchtechnique. The study aimed to evaluate the effi cacyof the technique in the motor rehabilitation ofspinal cord injured patients with different lesions.Using case studies, three participants, two paraplegicsand one quadriplegic, with different lesionlevels and degrees of defi ciency were exposed toelectromyography biofeedback training sessions.Data were obtained from the training sessions withbiofeedback, from three manual test examinationsof the muscles straight and from the reports of theparticipants after the training process. These sourcesof data were compared and the results of all thethree different sources showed improvement forall the participants. The study concluded that theelectromyography biofeedback technique can bean important tool in the rehabilitation process ofpatients with this kind of lesion.

Current status of knowledge about suicide in people with cancer

Aim: To review the current knowledge about suicide in cancer patients. Method: We searchedspecialized databases using keywords for articles published in the last two decades (1990-2010),and compiled and reviewed them in order to: indicate the prevalence of suicide in cancer patientsworldwide and in Colombia, differentiating the data by sex and age; establish the types of cancerthat are associated with suicide, identify risk factors for committing or considering suicide andpresent the strategies of professional and psychological intervention directed at cancer patientswith suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The present article is a review of the information on thesubject. Results: We found that: in cancer patients, the suicide rate is two times higher thanin the general population; depression, suicidal ideation and location of cancer are some of therisk factors for suicide, and there is a lack of published guidelines for professional managementof the suicidal patient with cancer. Conclusion: The need to carry out research on the topic ofsuicide in cancer patients was established.

Effect of joint mobilization on the H Reflex amplitude in people with spasticity

Objective: To determine the effect of ankle joint mobilization on the H reflex amplitude of thesoleus muscle in people with spasticity. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study withcrossover design and simple masking was conducted in 24 randomized subjects to initiate thecontrol or experimental group. Traction and rhythmic oscillation were applied for five minutesto the ankle joint. H wave amplitude changes of Hoffmann reflex (electrical equivalent of themonosynaptic spinal reflex) was assessed, stimulating the tibial nerve at the level of the poplitealfossa and recording in the soleus muscle. In each subject 12 measurements were taken: basalrate, during and after mobilization. Changes in H reflex amplitude were calculated in relationto basal measurement. For each measurement a hypothesis test was performed (Student t test).Results: In groups of patients with brain injury and incomplete spinal cord injury, a significantdifference was found between measurements of both studies, concerning variation in H reflexamplitude during the application of joint mobilization techniques, with a decrease in the experimentalgroup and an increase in the control group. In contrast, no significant differences werefound after mobilization therapy. Patients with complete spinal cord injury showed no significantdifferences in any measurements. Conclusion: We demonstrate the effectiveness of jointmobilization in the decrease of H reflex amplitude in patients with brain injury or incompletespinal cord injury during the mobilization maneuver, but no residual effect after completion ofthe trial. This research showed no evidence regarding excitability reduction in complete spinalcord injury. We suggest that therapeutic interventions to decrease muscle tone based on the jointmobilization should be reconsidered.

Me gusta como soy : experiencia de salud mental, educación sexual y prevención de drogodependencias en el Colegio Público San Sebastián de Castelseras (Teruel).

Encuadernado con : Nuestra sexualidad, nuestra vida. En la cub. : Educación para la Salud en Enseñanza Secundaria (primer ciclo). Programa experimental de educación para la salud en la escuela